Weird issue while deploying ruby on rails app to AWS - ruby-on-rails

I'm currently trying to setup cronjobs using whenever on an AWS server, but when i try to run the script/rails file I get the following message:
-bash: script/rails: /usr/bin/ruby^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
While the script/rails file contains the following:
#!/usr/bin/ruby
# This command will automatically be run when you run "rails" with Rails 3 gems installed from the root of your application.
APP_PATH = File.expand_path('../../config/application', __FILE__)
require File.expand_path('../../config/boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/commands'
It looks like to me for whatever reason an extra ^M is being appended to the first line. Also note that I'm developing on windows and deploying to an AWS ubuntu server. Does anyone have an idea of how I can fix this issue? I'm trying to give as much guidance as i can, but this is a weird problem. Note: I tried just creating the file on the ubuntu machine through ssh but it then tries to execute rails itself when i do script/rails.
Thanks,
Cody

Could be a line ending issue where windows represents newlines differently than linux so when you uploaded the file it won't be interpreted properly. If you open the file with vim or vi on your server you should see the ^M (Control-M) character visible at the end of the line.
If you're uploading via ftp you can try uploading that file in binmode and that may resolve it. Otherwise you can open the file and remove the offending character on your server with vi: http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/150/remove-m-characters-at-end-of-lines-in-vi/. Hope that helps.

I'm assuming you created this script on a windows computer. Windows uses \r\n for it's carriage return (new line character) where as linux simply uses \n. What this means is that when you take a script written on windows and transfer it onto a linux machine then the extra \r characters sometimes get displayed as ^M. There are a few fixes, one of the simplest is simply to run the file through sed and replace these characters:
sed -i 's/\r$//' filename
for instance:
➜ echo -ne "hello\r\nworld" > example.txt
➜ cat example.txt | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \r \n w o r l d
0000014
➜ sed -i 's/\r$//' example.txt
➜ cat example.txt | od -c
0000000 h e l l o \n w o r l d
Additional options can be found here.

Related

Why my rsync scripts do no work on the new mac? [duplicate]

I am making an NW.js app on macOS, and want to run the app in dev mode
by double-clicking on an icon.
In the first step, I'm trying to make my shell script work.
Using VS Code on Windows (I wanted to gain time), I have created a run-nw file at the root of my project, containing this:
#!/bin/bash
cd "src"
npm install
cd ..
./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &
but I get this output:
$ sh ./run-nw
: command not found
: No such file or directory
: command not found
: No such file or directory
Usage: npm <command>
where <command> is one of: (snip commands list)
(snip npm help)
npm#3.10.3 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
: command not found
: No such file or directory
: command not found
Some things I don't understand.
It seems that it takes empty lines as commands.
In my editor (VS Code) I have tried to replace \r\n with \n
(in case the \r creates problems) but it changes nothing.
It seems that it doesn't find the folders
(with or without the dirname instruction),
or maybe it doesn't know about the cd command ?
It seems that it doesn't understand the install argument to npm.
The part that really weirds me out, is that it still runs the app
(if I did an npm install manually)...
Not able to make it work properly, and suspecting something weird with
the file itself, I created a new one directly on the Mac, using vim this time.
I entered the exact same instructions, and... now it works without any
issues.
A diff on the two files reveals exactly zero difference.
What can be the difference? What can make the first script not work? How can I find out?
Update
Following the accepted answer's recommendations, after the wrong line
endings came back, I checked multiple things.
It turns out that since I copied my ~/.gitconfig from my Windows
machine, I had autocrlf=true, so every time I modified the bash
file under Windows, it re-set the line endings to \r\n.
So, in addition to running dos2unix (which you will have to
install using Homebrew on a Mac), if you're using Git, check your
.gitconfig file.
Yes. Bash scripts are sensitive to line-endings, both in the script itself and in data it processes. They should have Unix-style line-endings, i.e., each line is terminated with a Line Feed character (decimal 10, hex 0A in ASCII).
DOS/Windows line endings in the script
With Windows or DOS-style line endings , each line is terminated with a Carriage Return followed by a Line Feed character. You can see this otherwise invisible character in the output of cat -v yourfile:
$ cat -v yourfile
#!/bin/bash^M
^M
cd "src"^M
npm install^M
^M
cd ..^M
./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &^M
In this case, the carriage return (^M in caret notation or \r in C escape notation) is not treated as whitespace. Bash interprets the first line after the shebang (consisting of a single carriage return character) as the name of a command/program to run.
Since there is no command named ^M, it prints : command not found
Since there is no directory named "src"^M (or src^M), it prints : No such file or directory
It passes install^M instead of install as an argument to npm which causes npm to complain.
DOS/Windows line endings in input data
Like above, if you have an input file with carriage returns:
hello^M
world^M
then it will look completely normal in editors and when writing it to screen, but tools may produce strange results. For example, grep will fail to find lines that are obviously there:
$ grep 'hello$' file.txt || grep -x "hello" file.txt
(no match because the line actually ends in ^M)
Appended text will instead overwrite the line because the carriage returns moves the cursor to the start of the line:
$ sed -e 's/$/!/' file.txt
!ello
!orld
String comparison will seem to fail, even though strings appear to be the same when writing to screen:
$ a="hello"; read b < file.txt
$ if [[ "$a" = "$b" ]]
then echo "Variables are equal."
else echo "Sorry, $a is not equal to $b"
fi
Sorry, hello is not equal to hello
Solutions
The solution is to convert the file to use Unix-style line endings. There are a number of ways this can be accomplished:
This can be done using the dos2unix program:
dos2unix filename
Open the file in a capable text editor (Sublime, Notepad++, not Notepad) and configure it to save files with Unix line endings, e.g., with Vim, run the following command before (re)saving:
:set fileformat=unix
If you have a version of the sed utility that supports the -i or --in-place option, e.g., GNU sed, you could run the following command to strip trailing carriage returns:
sed -i 's/\r$//' filename
With other versions of sed, you could use output redirection to write to a new file. Be sure to use a different filename for the redirection target (it can be renamed later).
sed 's/\r$//' filename > filename.unix
Similarly, the tr translation filter can be used to delete unwanted characters from its input:
tr -d '\r' <filename >filename.unix
Cygwin Bash
With the Bash port for Cygwin, there’s a custom igncr option that can be set to ignore the Carriage Return in line endings (presumably because many of its users use native Windows programs to edit their text files).
This can be enabled for the current shell by running set -o igncr.
Setting this option applies only to the current shell process so it can be useful when sourcing files with extraneous carriage returns. If you regularly encounter shell scripts with DOS line endings and want this option to be set permanently, you could set an environment variable called SHELLOPTS (all capital letters) to include igncr. This environment variable is used by Bash to set shell options when it starts (before reading any startup files).
Useful utilities
The file utility is useful for quickly seeing which line endings are used in a text file. Here’s what it prints for for each file type:
Unix line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable
Mac line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable, with CR line terminators
DOS line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable, with CRLF line terminators
The GNU version of the cat utility has a -v, --show-nonprinting option that displays non-printing characters.
The dos2unix utility is specifically written for converting text files between Unix, Mac and DOS line endings.
Useful links
Wikipedia has an excellent article covering the many different ways of marking the end of a line of text, the history of such encodings and how newlines are treated in different operating systems, programming languages and Internet protocols (e.g., FTP).
Files with classic Mac OS line endings
With Classic Mac OS (pre-OS X), each line was terminated with a Carriage Return (decimal 13, hex 0D in ASCII). If a script file was saved with such line endings, Bash would only see one long line like so:
#!/bin/bash^M^Mcd "src"^Mnpm install^M^Mcd ..^M./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &^M
Since this single long line begins with an octothorpe (#), Bash treats the line (and the whole file) as a single comment.
Note: In 2001, Apple launched Mac OS X which was based on the BSD-derived NeXTSTEP operating system. As a result, OS X also uses Unix-style LF-only line endings and since then, text files terminated with a CR have become extremely rare. Nevertheless, I think it’s worthwhile to show how Bash would attempt to interpret such files.
On JetBrains products (PyCharm, PHPStorm, IDEA, etc.), you'll need to click on CRLF/LF to toggle between the two types of line separators (\r\n and \n).
I was trying to startup my docker container from Windows and got this:
Bash script and /bin/bash^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
I was using git bash and the problem was about the git config, then I just did the steps below and it worked. It will configure Git to not convert line endings on checkout:
git config --global core.autocrlf input
delete your local repository
clone it again.
Many thanks to Jason Harmon in this link:
https://forums.docker.com/t/error-while-running-docker-code-in-powershell/34059/6
Before that, I tried this, that didn't works:
dos2unix scriptname.sh
sed -i -e 's/\r$//' scriptname.sh
sed -i -e 's/^M$//' scriptname.sh
If you're using the read command to read from a file (or pipe) that is (or might be) in DOS/Windows format, you can take advantage of the fact that read will trim whitespace from the beginning and ends of lines. If you tell it that carriage returns are whitespace (by adding them to the IFS variable), it'll trim them from the ends of lines.
In bash (or zsh or ksh), that means you'd replace this standard idiom:
IFS= read -r somevar # This will not trim CR
with this:
IFS=$'\r' read -r somevar # This *will* trim CR
(Note: the -r option isn't related to this, it's just usually a good idea to avoid mangling backslashes.)
If you're not using the IFS= prefix (e.g. because you want to split the data into fields), then you'd replace this:
read -r field1 field2 ... # This will not trim CR
with this:
IFS=$' \t\n\r' read -r field1 field2 ... # This *will* trim CR
If you're using a shell that doesn't support the $'...' quoting mode (e.g. dash, the default /bin/sh on some Linux distros), or your script even might be run with such a shell, then you need to get a little more complex:
cr="$(printf '\r')"
IFS="$cr" read -r somevar # Read trimming *only* CR
IFS="$IFS$cr" read -r field1 field2 ... # Read trimming CR and whitespace, and splitting fields
Note that normally, when you change IFS, you should put it back to normal as soon as possible to avoid weird side effects; but in all these cases, it's a prefix to the read command, so it only affects that one command and doesn't have to be reset afterward.
Coming from a duplicate, if the problem is that you have files whose names contain ^M at the end, you can rename them with
for f in *$'\r'; do
mv "$f" "${f%$'\r'}"
done
You properly want to fix whatever caused these files to have broken names in the first place (probably a script which created them should be dos2unixed and then rerun?) but sometimes this is not feasible.
The $'\r' syntax is Bash-specific; if you have a different shell, maybe you need to use some other notation. Perhaps see also Difference between sh and bash
Since VS Code is being used, we can see CRLF or LF in the bottom right depending on what's being used and if we click on it we can change between them (LF is being used in below example):
We can also use the "Change End of Line Sequence" command from the command pallet. Whatever's easier to remember since they're functionally the same.
One more way to get rid of the unwanted CR ('\r') character is to run the tr command, for example:
$ tr -d '\r' < dosScript.py > nixScript.py
I ran into this issue when I use git with WSL.
git has a feature where it changes the line-ending of files according to the OS you are using, on Windows it make sure the line endings are \r\n which is not compatible with Linux which uses only \n.
You can resolve this problem by adding a file name .gitattributes to your git root directory and add lines as following:
config/* text eol=lf
run.sh text eol=lf
In this example all files inside config directory will have only line-feed line ending and run.sh file as well.
For Notepad++ users, this can be solved by:
The simplest way on MAC / Linux - create a file using 'touch' command, open this file with VI or VIM editor, paste your code and save. This would automatically remove the windows characters.
If you are using a text editor like BBEdit you can do it at the status bar. There is a selection where you can switch.
For IntelliJ users, here is the solution for writing Linux script.
Use LF - Unix and masOS (\n)
Scripts may call each other.
An even better magic solution is to convert all scripts in the folder/subfolders:
find . -name "*.sh" -exec sed -i -e 's/\r$//' {} +
You can use dos2unix too but many servers do not have it installed by default.
For the sake of completeness, I'll point out another solution which can solve this problem permanently without the need to run dos2unix all the time:
sudo ln -s /bin/bash `printf 'bash\r'`

GNU join overwriting output columns [duplicate]

I am making an NW.js app on macOS, and want to run the app in dev mode
by double-clicking on an icon.
In the first step, I'm trying to make my shell script work.
Using VS Code on Windows (I wanted to gain time), I have created a run-nw file at the root of my project, containing this:
#!/bin/bash
cd "src"
npm install
cd ..
./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &
but I get this output:
$ sh ./run-nw
: command not found
: No such file or directory
: command not found
: No such file or directory
Usage: npm <command>
where <command> is one of: (snip commands list)
(snip npm help)
npm#3.10.3 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
: command not found
: No such file or directory
: command not found
Some things I don't understand.
It seems that it takes empty lines as commands.
In my editor (VS Code) I have tried to replace \r\n with \n
(in case the \r creates problems) but it changes nothing.
It seems that it doesn't find the folders
(with or without the dirname instruction),
or maybe it doesn't know about the cd command ?
It seems that it doesn't understand the install argument to npm.
The part that really weirds me out, is that it still runs the app
(if I did an npm install manually)...
Not able to make it work properly, and suspecting something weird with
the file itself, I created a new one directly on the Mac, using vim this time.
I entered the exact same instructions, and... now it works without any
issues.
A diff on the two files reveals exactly zero difference.
What can be the difference? What can make the first script not work? How can I find out?
Update
Following the accepted answer's recommendations, after the wrong line
endings came back, I checked multiple things.
It turns out that since I copied my ~/.gitconfig from my Windows
machine, I had autocrlf=true, so every time I modified the bash
file under Windows, it re-set the line endings to \r\n.
So, in addition to running dos2unix (which you will have to
install using Homebrew on a Mac), if you're using Git, check your
.gitconfig file.
Yes. Bash scripts are sensitive to line-endings, both in the script itself and in data it processes. They should have Unix-style line-endings, i.e., each line is terminated with a Line Feed character (decimal 10, hex 0A in ASCII).
DOS/Windows line endings in the script
With Windows or DOS-style line endings , each line is terminated with a Carriage Return followed by a Line Feed character. You can see this otherwise invisible character in the output of cat -v yourfile:
$ cat -v yourfile
#!/bin/bash^M
^M
cd "src"^M
npm install^M
^M
cd ..^M
./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &^M
In this case, the carriage return (^M in caret notation or \r in C escape notation) is not treated as whitespace. Bash interprets the first line after the shebang (consisting of a single carriage return character) as the name of a command/program to run.
Since there is no command named ^M, it prints : command not found
Since there is no directory named "src"^M (or src^M), it prints : No such file or directory
It passes install^M instead of install as an argument to npm which causes npm to complain.
DOS/Windows line endings in input data
Like above, if you have an input file with carriage returns:
hello^M
world^M
then it will look completely normal in editors and when writing it to screen, but tools may produce strange results. For example, grep will fail to find lines that are obviously there:
$ grep 'hello$' file.txt || grep -x "hello" file.txt
(no match because the line actually ends in ^M)
Appended text will instead overwrite the line because the carriage returns moves the cursor to the start of the line:
$ sed -e 's/$/!/' file.txt
!ello
!orld
String comparison will seem to fail, even though strings appear to be the same when writing to screen:
$ a="hello"; read b < file.txt
$ if [[ "$a" = "$b" ]]
then echo "Variables are equal."
else echo "Sorry, $a is not equal to $b"
fi
Sorry, hello is not equal to hello
Solutions
The solution is to convert the file to use Unix-style line endings. There are a number of ways this can be accomplished:
This can be done using the dos2unix program:
dos2unix filename
Open the file in a capable text editor (Sublime, Notepad++, not Notepad) and configure it to save files with Unix line endings, e.g., with Vim, run the following command before (re)saving:
:set fileformat=unix
If you have a version of the sed utility that supports the -i or --in-place option, e.g., GNU sed, you could run the following command to strip trailing carriage returns:
sed -i 's/\r$//' filename
With other versions of sed, you could use output redirection to write to a new file. Be sure to use a different filename for the redirection target (it can be renamed later).
sed 's/\r$//' filename > filename.unix
Similarly, the tr translation filter can be used to delete unwanted characters from its input:
tr -d '\r' <filename >filename.unix
Cygwin Bash
With the Bash port for Cygwin, there’s a custom igncr option that can be set to ignore the Carriage Return in line endings (presumably because many of its users use native Windows programs to edit their text files).
This can be enabled for the current shell by running set -o igncr.
Setting this option applies only to the current shell process so it can be useful when sourcing files with extraneous carriage returns. If you regularly encounter shell scripts with DOS line endings and want this option to be set permanently, you could set an environment variable called SHELLOPTS (all capital letters) to include igncr. This environment variable is used by Bash to set shell options when it starts (before reading any startup files).
Useful utilities
The file utility is useful for quickly seeing which line endings are used in a text file. Here’s what it prints for for each file type:
Unix line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable
Mac line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable, with CR line terminators
DOS line endings: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable, with CRLF line terminators
The GNU version of the cat utility has a -v, --show-nonprinting option that displays non-printing characters.
The dos2unix utility is specifically written for converting text files between Unix, Mac and DOS line endings.
Useful links
Wikipedia has an excellent article covering the many different ways of marking the end of a line of text, the history of such encodings and how newlines are treated in different operating systems, programming languages and Internet protocols (e.g., FTP).
Files with classic Mac OS line endings
With Classic Mac OS (pre-OS X), each line was terminated with a Carriage Return (decimal 13, hex 0D in ASCII). If a script file was saved with such line endings, Bash would only see one long line like so:
#!/bin/bash^M^Mcd "src"^Mnpm install^M^Mcd ..^M./tools/nwjs-sdk-v0.17.3-osx-x64/nwjs.app/Contents/MacOS/nwjs "src" &^M
Since this single long line begins with an octothorpe (#), Bash treats the line (and the whole file) as a single comment.
Note: In 2001, Apple launched Mac OS X which was based on the BSD-derived NeXTSTEP operating system. As a result, OS X also uses Unix-style LF-only line endings and since then, text files terminated with a CR have become extremely rare. Nevertheless, I think it’s worthwhile to show how Bash would attempt to interpret such files.
On JetBrains products (PyCharm, PHPStorm, IDEA, etc.), you'll need to click on CRLF/LF to toggle between the two types of line separators (\r\n and \n).
I was trying to startup my docker container from Windows and got this:
Bash script and /bin/bash^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
I was using git bash and the problem was about the git config, then I just did the steps below and it worked. It will configure Git to not convert line endings on checkout:
git config --global core.autocrlf input
delete your local repository
clone it again.
Many thanks to Jason Harmon in this link:
https://forums.docker.com/t/error-while-running-docker-code-in-powershell/34059/6
Before that, I tried this, that didn't works:
dos2unix scriptname.sh
sed -i -e 's/\r$//' scriptname.sh
sed -i -e 's/^M$//' scriptname.sh
If you're using the read command to read from a file (or pipe) that is (or might be) in DOS/Windows format, you can take advantage of the fact that read will trim whitespace from the beginning and ends of lines. If you tell it that carriage returns are whitespace (by adding them to the IFS variable), it'll trim them from the ends of lines.
In bash (or zsh or ksh), that means you'd replace this standard idiom:
IFS= read -r somevar # This will not trim CR
with this:
IFS=$'\r' read -r somevar # This *will* trim CR
(Note: the -r option isn't related to this, it's just usually a good idea to avoid mangling backslashes.)
If you're not using the IFS= prefix (e.g. because you want to split the data into fields), then you'd replace this:
read -r field1 field2 ... # This will not trim CR
with this:
IFS=$' \t\n\r' read -r field1 field2 ... # This *will* trim CR
If you're using a shell that doesn't support the $'...' quoting mode (e.g. dash, the default /bin/sh on some Linux distros), or your script even might be run with such a shell, then you need to get a little more complex:
cr="$(printf '\r')"
IFS="$cr" read -r somevar # Read trimming *only* CR
IFS="$IFS$cr" read -r field1 field2 ... # Read trimming CR and whitespace, and splitting fields
Note that normally, when you change IFS, you should put it back to normal as soon as possible to avoid weird side effects; but in all these cases, it's a prefix to the read command, so it only affects that one command and doesn't have to be reset afterward.
Coming from a duplicate, if the problem is that you have files whose names contain ^M at the end, you can rename them with
for f in *$'\r'; do
mv "$f" "${f%$'\r'}"
done
You properly want to fix whatever caused these files to have broken names in the first place (probably a script which created them should be dos2unixed and then rerun?) but sometimes this is not feasible.
The $'\r' syntax is Bash-specific; if you have a different shell, maybe you need to use some other notation. Perhaps see also Difference between sh and bash
Since VS Code is being used, we can see CRLF or LF in the bottom right depending on what's being used and if we click on it we can change between them (LF is being used in below example):
We can also use the "Change End of Line Sequence" command from the command pallet. Whatever's easier to remember since they're functionally the same.
One more way to get rid of the unwanted CR ('\r') character is to run the tr command, for example:
$ tr -d '\r' < dosScript.py > nixScript.py
I ran into this issue when I use git with WSL.
git has a feature where it changes the line-ending of files according to the OS you are using, on Windows it make sure the line endings are \r\n which is not compatible with Linux which uses only \n.
You can resolve this problem by adding a file name .gitattributes to your git root directory and add lines as following:
config/* text eol=lf
run.sh text eol=lf
In this example all files inside config directory will have only line-feed line ending and run.sh file as well.
For Notepad++ users, this can be solved by:
The simplest way on MAC / Linux - create a file using 'touch' command, open this file with VI or VIM editor, paste your code and save. This would automatically remove the windows characters.
If you are using a text editor like BBEdit you can do it at the status bar. There is a selection where you can switch.
For IntelliJ users, here is the solution for writing Linux script.
Use LF - Unix and masOS (\n)
Scripts may call each other.
An even better magic solution is to convert all scripts in the folder/subfolders:
find . -name "*.sh" -exec sed -i -e 's/\r$//' {} +
You can use dos2unix too but many servers do not have it installed by default.
For the sake of completeness, I'll point out another solution which can solve this problem permanently without the need to run dos2unix all the time:
sudo ln -s /bin/bash `printf 'bash\r'`

declare PATH for RStudio (and other GUI apps) under OSX 10.9 mavericks

The Problem: I do not find apps present in my bash path when using system() calls under 10.9 and using RStudio 0.98-501.
ex1
system("echo $PATH", intern=FALSE)
# this returns a very short PATH without any of my privately declared ones
ex2
system("bowtie --help", intern=TRUE)
# does not find bowtie while it is there all right and the same call works under R cli
This seems due to the fact that RStudio, being a GUI app, does not inherit the full PATH defined in my .profile/.bashrc
I found many posts related to this for older mac systems and assembled a solution working for mavericks. I tried the fix from Setting environment variables in OS X? but no success under mavericks.
launchctl setenv PATH $PATH
My solution: create a custom script/function and a custom path file
declare a custom function to be able to update it each time my PATH will change
store the function in a script to be able to run it as root
use this function to create a full equivalent of my PATH that OSX GUI apps (incl RStudio) will inherit
The function is declared in '.myfunctions' placed in my $HOME and sourced in my .profile
Now the script:
!/bin/bash
function setGUIpath () {
# create a custom path file in /etc/paths.d
# store the full PATH in that file for GUI apps
# created for the need to know PATH in RStudio system() calls
# mypath should exist and be writable (or sudo)
mypath=/etc/paths.d/mypath
# clear existing
cat /dev/null > ${mypath}
# fill with unique PATH items
# remove added 'PATH=' strings (what is doing this?)
echo $PATH | sed -e 's/PATH=//' | awk -F: '{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) { if ( !x[$i]++ ) printf("%s\n",$i); }}' | sed -e 's/PATH=//' > ${mypath}
# restart Dock
osascript -e 'tell app "Dock" to quit'
}
# export it (optional?)
export -f setGUIpath
# run it
setGUIpath
Any comments or improvements are welcome if this presents any risk to my OS.

Rails includes return characters in environment variables

I'm storing environment variables in /etc/environment like:
FACEBOOK_API_KEY=XXXXXXXXXXX
FACEBOOK_API_SECRET=XXXXXXXXXX
But when i access the ENV variable through Rails i get this:
ENV['FACEBOOK_API_KEY']
=> XXXXXXXXX\r
Notice the \r, How to get rid of that without cleaning up each and every call to ENV vars?
My guess is that you're getting a \r because you're editing /etc/environment using a Windows text editor and installing it on a Unix system (or possibly using Cygwin in Windows, but the same applies). Or you copied/pasted it from a source that did that. In any case, something has introduced a CRLF into a Unix file that only wants LF line-endings.
If it is an editor, you'll want to fix it to stop using Windows CRLF (\r\n) line endings, and use Unix LF (\n) line endings. Notepad++ has an option for this, as do many other editors and IDEs. Google around for yours and find out how to use Unix line endings. You'll run into a ton of problems like this otherwise.
You can fix the existing file by running it through a program like dos2unix (on a Unix system; you may have to install the package), or using a simple tr command like this:
Edit: fixed the filename order in the mv command below.
tr -d '\r' </etc/environment >/tmp/environment
# <verify new file looks good>
mv /tmp/environment /etc/environment
Please be careful, make backups, check the file, etc.
You can make sure there aren't any rogue \r characters in your file by looking at an octal dump:
od -c /tmp/environment
Look for any \r in the output.
You can use figaro to manage your ENV variables.
It creates a config/application.yml file for you that should not be checked into version control.
# config/application.yml
FACEBOOK_API_KEY: XXXXXXXXXXX
FACEBOOK_API_SECRET: XXXXXXXXXX
Variables will be available at ENV['FACEBOOK_API_KEY'] as you are used to.
An alternative would be configatron.

How to export a Ruby Array from my Heroku console into CSV?

I am looking to export an array from my heroku console into a local CSV file.
In my current situation, I have a daily rake task which looks for tweets talking about my application. I'd like to analyse those tweets to see at what time they came in, etc:
heroku run console
tweets = Tweet.all
code to export tweets into a local CSV file goes here
Any ideas would be greatly appreciated!
You can't access your local filesystem from the heroku console. One option is to use Tee. Tee sends the output to both STDOUT and a file, so you can have a local log of everything that was printed.
heroku run console | tee output.txt
I tried using Tee as suggested and also got stuck at
Running `console` attached to terminal... up, run.4165
I ended up running an SSH shell to localhost and then piped it through tee.
$ ssh localhost | tee output.txt
$ heroku run console
Might not be the best solution, but it worked for me.
FWIW you could pretty easily puts a string with commas and newlines and then copy paste into your text editor and save as .csv, though "all of the tweets" might be a little unwieldy.
tweets = Tweet.all
#string = String.new()
#string << Tweet.last.attributes.keys.join(", ") + "\n" # "header" row with attribute names
tweets.each do |t|
#string << t.attributes.values.join(", ") + "\n"
end
puts #string #will output string with \n newline which you could then copy paste into your editor and save as a csv
I'd use Taps to export the db to your local machine, then operate on it there: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/taps
You can also use rails runner to run a line of code or three on heroku and pipe (or tee) the results to a file:
heroku run rails runner \'Tweet.all.to_csv\' -a my-app-name | all_tweets.csv
You can disable rails logging if that's showing up in your file and trim the top of the file if you're getting startup logging like "Running `rails runner`" in your file, but that should be easy to do.
You can shell out to SCP:
my_data = "hello world"
File.write("tmp/data", my_data)
`scp tmp/data me#some-server:`
It may prompt you about the server being unknown and ask for a password.
You can run Ruby on your Heroku instance:
echo 'p User.first' | heroku run --no-tty 'ruby -W0 -r ./config/environment' > output.txt
This will print the first user to the output.txt file.
Also you can run a local script on Heroku by piping it to the stdin.
cat my_script.rb | heroku run --no-tty 'ruby -W0 -r ./config/environment' > output.txt
Note that it's possible that you'll get some unwanted text (like warnings) that will appear at the beginning of the output.txt file. You will have to trim it manually or by using a trimming command such as:
tail -n +4 -f that will not print the first 4 lines.
Here is the full example:
cat my_script.rb | heroku run --no-tty 'ruby -W0 -r ./config/environment' | tail -n +4 -f > output.txt
I tried Tee as suggested, but for some reason it always got stuck after the output of
Running `console` attached to terminal... up, run.1
So I ended up emailing the csv content for me in the text format email body. If you already have emailing set up, that can be easy solution too.
I tried with the following steps with the new heroku console.I was able to get the logs.
type command
script output.txt
(this creates a file named output.txt for saving terminal logs)
open heroku console and execute commands.
when you are done type ctrl + d.
Terminal logs are saved in output.txt file.

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