var
s: Single;
d: Double;
begin
d := 0.99;
s := 0.99;
ShowMessage(FloatToStr(d) + #13 + FloatToStr(s));
Result:
0,99
0,990000009536743
How to force right single type conversion to string, if you can't write your own function variation for single type?
Why can't? Delphi build SOAP objects from WSDL, and for float use signle type. And when convert value to XML text, use only standard FloatToStr function and result is like above. How to fix this without changing autogenerated code?
Related
I'm trying to split a comma separated string from a Query and assign each one in a different variable:
qValidation.Close;
qValidation.SQL.Clear;
qValidation.SQL.Add('SELECT VALUE FROM PARAMETER WHERE CODPARAMETER = ''XYM'' ');
qValidation.Open;
The String I get from this Code (VALUE) is '12.5,45.3,33.5,67.9'
I want to get each value and assign them in a different variable, i.e:
X1 = 12.5
X2 = 45.3
X3 = 33.5
X4 = 67.9
These variables must be float type
I've read that you can use a TStringList but I don't find a Delphi4 clear way for me
TStringList is declared in the Classes unit. It has a CommaText property, which will parse the input text into its Strings[] property. For each individual string, you can convert it to Extended using the StrToFloat() function in the SysUtils unit, and then assign that value to a Single/Double variable as needed.
The Delphi 4 library has the necessary functionality. This is TStrings.CommaText of unit Classes.
TStrings is an abstract class, so must use TStringList
program ProjectTest;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
SysUtils, Classes;
var
vList: TStrings;
i: Integer;
begin
vList := TStringList.Create;
try
vList.CommaText := '12.5,45.3,33.5,67.9';
for i := 0 to vList.Count - 1 do
Writeln(vList[i]);
finally
vList.Free;
end;
Readln;
end.
I'm using Delphi XE and the Matlab 2012B compiler on Windows 7.
I'm trying to write several wrapper functions so DLL files created with the Matlab 2012b Compiler can be more easily called from Delphi XE. I found that I should use the _proxy functions when using the MCR, which indeed allowed me to call several functions successfully. I can also pass strings to Matlab without problems by passing them as PAnsiChar.
I'm currently trying to create a StructArray with some field names.
As I've already successfully created numeric arrays and matrices, I'm pretty sure the first 2 parameters are OK. I expect the last one is causing the error, but I don't know how to solve this (yet). Looking at the Matlab help and example files I'm doing what should be done. Obviously I'm wrong...
I know that with Matlab r13 we had to pass the fieldnames as an array[0..n] of pAnsiChar instead of an array of pAnsiChar. I tried this here as well to no avail.
Can someone tell me if I have indeed made the correct function mapping to mxCreateStructArray(_730_proxy) and if I'm passing the parameters as expected?
type
mxArray = pointer;
// mxArray *mxCreateStructArray(mwSize ndim, const mwSize *dims, int nfields, const char **fieldnames);
function MCRdll_CreateStructArray(aDimCount: integer; aDims: pointer; aFieldCount: integer; aFields: PPAnsiChar): mxArray; cdecl; external 'mclmcrrt8_0.dll' name 'mxCreateStructArray_730_proxy';
function MCR_CreateStructArray(aFieldNames: TArray<string>): mxArray;
var
i: integer;
lstDims: array of integer;
lstNames: array of pAnsiChar;
begin
SetLength(lstNames, Length(aFieldNames));
for i := 0 to Length(aFieldNames) - 1 do
lstNames[i] := ToPAnsiChar(aFieldNames[i]); //Creates a new PAnsiChar with the content of aFieldNames[i]
SetLength(lstDims, 2);
lstDims[0] := 1;
lstDims[1] := Length(aFieldNames);
//This call raises an "External Exception" from Matlab.
Result := MCRdll_CreateStructArray(Length(lstDims), #lstDims, Length(lstNames), #lstNames);
end;
The MATLAB C API function is:
mxArray *mxCreateStructArray(mwSize ndim, const mwSize *dims,
int nfields, const char **fieldnames);
As I understand it, mwSize is by default the same as int. That translates to Integer in Delphi. The const char** parameter is the address of an array of const C strings. Translate that to Delphi and you have:
function MCRdll_CreateStructArray(ndim: Integer; dims: PInteger;
nFields: Integer; fieldnames: PPAnsiChar): mxArray; cdecl;
external 'mclmcrrt8_0.dll' name 'mxCreateStructArray_730_proxy';
Now, how to get the parameters. Well, assuming you want a vector, dims is an array of length 2, and ndim is that length. I'd declare that as a static array:
var
dims: array [0..1] of Integer;
As for the field names, those are variable length. So you need a dynamic array of PAnsiChar. That is:
var
fieldnames: array of PAnsiChar;
You also need to pass the vector length for your struct array to your function. That makes your function be something like this:
function MCR_CreateStructArray(len: Integer;
const aFieldNames: array of AnsiString): mxArray;
var
i: integer;
dims: array [0..1] of Integer;
fieldnames: array of PAnsiChar;
begin
if Length(aFieldNames)=0 then
begin
Result := nil;
exit;
end;
dims[0] := 1;
dims[1] := len;
SetLength(fieldnames, Length(aFieldNames));
for i := 0 to high(fieldnames) do
fieldnames[i] := PAnsiChar(aFieldNames[i]);
Result := MCRdll_CreateStructArray(Length(dims), #lstDims[0],
Length(fieldnames), #fieldnames[0]);
end;
An alternative to the final parameter is to pass PPAnsiChar(fieldnames). That works because a dynamic array variable is the address of the first element.
So, what was wrong with your version? The biggest mistake you made was to use untyped pointers for the two arrays that you pass to MCRdll_CreateStructArray. This means that the compiler cannot check that you got the indirection correct. And you did not.
First of all in your code you pass #lstDims to the second parameter. Now lstDims is a dynamic array in your code. The implementation of that has lstDims being a pointer to the first element. So, informally, lstDims has type ^Integer. And therefore #lstDims has type ^^Integer. That's one level of indirection too far. And you made the exact same mistake in the final parameter.
One final point. I've change the signature of the function to receive an array of AnsiString. That's the easy way for me to write the code because I don't need to worry about the UTF-16 to ANSI conversion, and can use a simple PAnsiChar cast. You'd probably benefit from this helper:
function ToAnsiStringArray(const arr: array of string): TArray<AnsiString>;
var
i: Integer;
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(arr));
for i := 0 to high(Result) do
Result[i] := AnsiString(arr[i]);
end;
I've not compiled any of this so there may be some imprecision. I trust you'll not be put off by that.
Question One
I have
var example : array[0..15] of char;
I want to assign the value from an input to that variable
example := inputbox('Enter Name', 'Name', '');
In the highscores unit I have record and array
type
points = record
var
_MemoryName : array[0..15] of char;
_MemoryScore : integer;
end;
var
rank : array[1..3] of points;
var s: string;
a: packed array[0..15] of char;
highscoresdata.position[1]._MemoryName := StrPLCopy(a, s, Length(a)) ;
returns -> (186): E2010 Incompatible types: 'array[0..15] of Char' and 'PWideChar'
var s: string;
a: packed array[0..15] of char;
s := InputBox('caption', 'Caption', 'Caption');
FillChar(a[0], length(a) * sizeof(char), #0);
Move(s[1], a[0], length(a) * sizeof(char));
scores.rank[1]._MemoryName := <<tried both s and a>> ;
returns (189): E2008 Incompatible types
Question One
There are many ways. One is:
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
s: string;
a: packed array[0..15] of char;
begin
s := InputBox(Caption, Caption, Caption);
assert(length(s) <= 16);
FillChar(a[0], length(a) * sizeof(char), #0);
Move(s[1], a[0], length(s) * sizeof(char));
end;
But there might be a more elegant solution to your original problem, I suspect.
Question Two
Every time you wish a function/procedure didn't have a particular argument, you should realize that there might be a problem with the design of the project. Nevertheless, it isn't uncommon that Sender parameters are superfluous, because they are almost omnipresent because of the design of the VCL (in particular, the TNotifyEvent). If you know that the receiving procedure doesn't care about the Sender parameter, simply give it anything, like Self or nil.
Question Three
Consider this code:
procedure TForm4.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
a: packed array[0..15] of char;
b: packed array[0..15] of char;
begin
a := b;
end;
This doesn't work. You cannot treat arrays like strings; in particular, you cannot assign static arrays like this (a := b).
Instead, you have to do something like...
Move(b[0], a[0], length(a) * sizeof(char));
...or simply loop and copy one value at a time. But the above simple assignment (a := b) does work if you declare a static array type:
type
TChrArr = packed array[0..15] of char;
procedure TForm4.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
a: TChrArr;
b: TChrArr;
begin
b := a;
end;
Andreas has you covered for question 1.
Question 2
I would arrange that your event handler called another method:
procedure TForm5.Edit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
RespondToEditControlKeyPress;
end;
That way you can just call RespondToEditControlKeyPress directly.
I'd guess that you want to call it with no parameters because you want code to run when the edit control's text is modified. You could perhaps use the OnChange event instead. And it may be that OnChange is more appropriate because pressing a key is not the only way to get text into an edit control.
By the way, it's better to ask one question at a time here on Stack Overflow.
For a quick way to copy string-type values into array-of-character type values. I suggest a small helper function like this:
procedure StrToCharArray( inputStr:String; var output; maxlen:Integer);
type
ArrayChar = Array[0..1] of Char;
begin
StrLCopy( PChar(#ArrayChar(output)[0]),PChar(inputStr),maxlen);
end;
Each time you call it, pass in the maximum length to be copied. Remember that if the buffer length is 15, you should pass in 14 as the maxlen, so that you leave room for the terminating nul character, if you intend to always terminate your strings:
StrToCharArray( UserInputStr, MyRecord.MyField, 14 );
This function will ensure that the data you copy into the record is null terminated, assuming that's what you wanted. Remember that in a fixed length character array it's up to you to decide what the rules are. Null terminated? Fully padded with spaces or null characters.... Strings and arrays-of-characters are so different, that there exist multiple possible ways of converting between the two.
If you don't intend to terminate your strings with nul, then you should use the FillChar+Move combination shown in someone else's answer.
The obvious answer is of course.
Don't use a packed array of char.
Use a string instead.
If you use ansistring, 1 char will always take 1 byte.
If you use shortstring ditto.
Ansistring is compatible with Pchar which is a pointer to a packed array of char.
So you can write
function inputbox(a,b,c: ansistring): pchar;
begin
Result:= a+b+c;
end;
var s: ansistring;
begin
s:= inputbox('a','b','c');
end;
Some advice
It looks like your are translating code from c to Delphi.
a packed array of char is exactly the same as the old (1995) shortstring minus the length byte at the beginning of shortstring.
The only reason I can think of to use packed array of char is when you are reading data to and from disk, and you have legacy code that you don't want to change.
I would keep the legacy code to read and write from disk and then transfer the data into an ansistring and from there on only use ansistring.
It's soooooooo much easier, Delphi does everything for you.
And... ansistring is much faster, gets automatically created and destroyed, can have any length (up to 2GB), uses less memory --because identical strings only get stored once (which means stringa:= stringb where a string is 20 chars is at least 5x faster using ansistrings than array's of char).
And of course best of all, buffer overflow errors are impossible with ansistring.
What about unicodestring?
Unicodestring is fine to use, but sometimes translation of chars happens when converting between packed array of char and unicodestring, therefore I recommend using ansistring in this context.
What you try to do is impossible, indeed:
highscoresdata.position[1]._MemoryName := StrPLCopy(a, s, Length(a));
That tries to assign a pointer (the result of StrPLCopy, a PWideChar in the last few versions of Delphi) to an array, which is indeed impossible. You can't copy an array like that. I would do:
StrLCopy(highscoresdata.position[1]._MemoryName, PChar(s),
Length(highscoresdata.position[1]._MemoryName));
That should work, and is IMO the simplest solution to copy a string to an array of characters. There is no need to use a as some kind of intermediate, and using Move is, IMO, rather low level and therefore a little tricky (it is easy to forget to multiply by the size of a character, it is unchecked, it does not add a #0, etc.), especially if you don't know what exactly you are doing.
This solution should even work for versions of Delphi before Delphi 2009, as it does not rely on the size of the character.
FWIW, I would not use packed arrays. Packed doesn't have a meaning in current Delphi, but could confuse the compiler and make the types incompatible.
When I compile this code
{$WARNINGS ON}
function Test(s: string): string;
var
t: string;
d: double;
begin
if s = '' then begin
t := 'abc';
d := 1;
end;
Result := t + FloatToStr(d);
end;
I get the warning "Variable 'd' might not have been initialized", but I do not get the same warning for variable 't'. This seems inconsistent. This code is only a simple example to show the compiler warnings, but I have just found a bug in my live code which would have been caught by a compile-time warning for uninitialised string variables. Can I switch this warning on somehow in Delphi 6? Or in a newer version of Delphi?
Nope, there is no switch for this. The warning doesn't occur because a string is a compiler managed type and is always initialized by the compiler.
Yes :-)
Use shortstrings or pChars
{$WARNINGS ON}
function Test: String;
var
p: pChar;
d: double;
begin
Result := p + FloatToStr(d);
end;
//This code will give a warning.
Seriously
No, the normal Delphi strings and shortstrings are automatically initialized to '' (empty string). Shortstrings live on the stack and don't need cleanup. Other strings are so called 'managed' types and automatically deleted when they are no longer used using reference counting.
PChars, the good news
pChars are just pointers. Delphi does not manage them.
However Delphi does automatically convert them to strings and visa versa.
pChars the bad news
If you convert a pChar to a string Delphi copies the contents of the pChar into the string and you are still responsible for destroying the pChar.
Also note that this copying takes time and if you do it a lot will slow your code down.
If you convert a string to a pChar Delphi will give you a pointer to the address the string lives in. And !! Delphi will stop managing the string. You can still assign values to the string, but it will no longer automatically grow.
From: http://www.marcocantu.com/epascal/English/ch07str.htm
The following code will not work as expected:
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
S1: String;
begin
SetLength (S1, 100);
GetWindowText (Handle, PChar (S1), Length (S1));
S1 := S1 + ' is the title'; // this won't work
Button1.Caption := S1;
end;
This program compiles, but when you run it, you are in for a surprise: The Caption of the button will have the original text of the window title, without the text of the constant string you have added to it. The problem is that when Windows writes to the string (within the GetWindowText API call), it doesn't set the length of the long Pascal string properly. Delphi still can use this string for output and can figure out when it ends by looking for the null terminator, but if you append further characters after the null terminator, they will be skipped altogether.
How can we fix this problem? The solution is to tell the system to convert the string returned by the GetWindowText API call back to a Pascal string. However, if you write the following code:
S1 := String (S1);
the system will ignore it, because converting a data type back into itself is a useless operation. To obtain the proper long Pascal string, you need to recast the string to a PChar and let Delphi convert it back again properly to a string:
S1 := String (PChar (S1));
Actually, you can skip the string conversion, because PChar-to-string conversions are automatic in Delphi. Here is the final code:
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
S1: String;
begin
SetLength (S1, 100);
GetWindowText (Handle, PChar (S1), Length (S1));
S1 := String (PChar (S1));
S1 := S1 + ' is the title';
Button3.Caption := S1;
end;
An alternative is to reset the length of the Delphi string, using the length of the PChar string, by writing:
SetLength (S1, StrLen (PChar (S1)));
I found a Windows API function that performs "natural comparison" of strings. It is defined as follows:
int StrCmpLogicalW(
LPCWSTR psz1,
LPCWSTR psz2
);
To use it in Delphi, I declared it this way:
interface
function StrCmpLogicalW(psz1, psz2: PWideChar): integer; stdcall;
implementation
function StrCmpLogicalW; external 'shlwapi.dll' name 'StrCmpLogicalW';
Because it compares Unicode strings, I'm not sure how to call it when I want to compare ANSI strings. It seems to be enough to cast strings to WideString and then to PWideChar, however, I have no idea whether this approach is correct:
function AnsiNaturalCompareText(const S1, S2: string): integer;
begin
Result := StrCmpLogicalW(PWideChar(WideString(S1)), PWideChar(WideString(S2)));
end;
I know very little about character encoding so this is the reason of my question. Is this function OK or should I first convert both the compared strings somehow?
Keep in mind that casting a string to a WideString will convert it using default system codepage which may or may not be what you need. Typically, you'd want to use current user's locale.
From WCharFromChar in System.pas:
Result := MultiByteToWideChar(DefaultSystemCodePage, 0, CharSource, SrcBytes,
WCharDest, DestChars);
You can change DefaultSystemCodePage by calling SetMultiByteConversionCodePage.
The easier way to accomplish the task would be to declare your function as:
interface
function StrCmpLogicalW(const sz1, sz2: WideString): Integer; stdcall;
implementation
function StrCmpLogicalW; external 'shlwapi.dll' name 'StrCmpLogicalW';
Because a WideString variable is a pointer to a WideChar (in the same way an AnsiString variable is a pointer to an AnsiChar.)
And this way Delphi will automatically "up-convert" an AnsiString to a WideString for you.
Update
And since we're now in the world of UnicodeString, you would make it:
interface
function StrCmpLogicalW(const sz1, sz2: UnicodeString): Integer; stdcall;
implementation
function StrCmpLogicalW; external 'shlwapi.dll' name 'StrCmpLogicalW';
Because a UnicodeString variable is still a pointer to a \0\0 terminated string of WideChars. So if you call:
var
s1, s1: AnsiString;
begin
s1 := 'Hello';
s2 := 'world';
nCompare := StrCmpLogicalW(s1, s2);
end;
When you try to pass an AnsiString into a function that takes a UnicodeString, the compiler will automatically call MultiByteToWideChar for you in the generated code.
CompareString supports numeric sorting in Windows 7
Starting in Windows 7, Microsoft added SORT_DIGITSASNUMBERS to CompareString:
Windows 7: Treat digits as numbers during sorting, for example, sort "2" before "10".
None of this helps answer the actual question, which deals with when you have to convert or cast strings.
There might be an ANSI variant for your function to (I haven't checked). Most Wide API's are available as an ANSI version too, just change the W suffix to an A, and you're set. Windows does the back-and-forth conversion transparantly for you in that case.
PS: Here's an article describing the lack of StrCmpLogicalA : http://blogs.msdn.com/joshpoley/archive/2008/04/28/strcmplogicala.aspx
Use System.StringToOleStr, which is a handy wrapper around MultiByteToWideChar, see Gabr's answer:
function AnsiNaturalCompareText(const S1, S2: string): integer;
var
W1: PWideChar;
W2: PWideChar;
begin
W1 := StringToOleStr(S1);
W2 := StringToOleStr(S2);
Result := StrCmpLogicalW(W1, W2);
SysFreeString(W1);
SysFreeString(W2);
end;
But then, Ian Boyd's solution looks and is much nicer!