I am making an app that has information about different woods, herbs and spices, and a few other things. I am including the ability to save their favorite item to a favorites list, so I have a heart button that the user can press to add it to the favorites. Pressing the button toggles the isFavorite property of the item and then leaving the page calls a method that encodes the data to save it to the user's device. The problem that I am running into is that it is not encoding the updated value of the isFavorite property. It is still encoding the value as false, so the favorites list is not persisting after closing and reopening the app.
Here is my Wood.swift code, this file sets up the structure for Wood items. I also included the test data that I was using to make sure that it displayed properly in the Wood extension:
import Foundation
struct Wood: Identifiable, Codable {
var id = UUID()
var mainInformation: WoodMainInformation
var preparation: [Preparation]
var isFavorite = false
init(mainInformation: WoodMainInformation, preparation: [Preparation]) {
self.mainInformation = mainInformation
self.preparation = preparation
}
}
struct WoodMainInformation: Codable {
var category: WoodCategory
var description: String
var medicinalUses: [String]
var magicalUses: [String]
var growZone: [String]
var lightLevel: String
var moistureLevel: String
var isPerennial: Bool
var isEdible: Bool
}
enum WoodCategory: String, CaseIterable, Codable {
case oak = "Oak"
case pine = "Pine"
case cedar = "Cedar"
case ash = "Ash"
case rowan = "Rowan"
case willow = "Willow"
case birch = "Birch"
}
enum Preparation: String, Codable {
case talisman = "Talisman"
case satchet = "Satchet"
case tincture = "Tincture"
case salve = "Salve"
case tea = "Tea"
case ointment = "Ointment"
case incense = "Incense"
}
extension Wood {
static let woodTypes: [Wood] = [
Wood(mainInformation: WoodMainInformation(category: .oak,
description: "A type of wood",
medicinalUses: ["Healthy", "Killer"],
magicalUses: ["Spells", "Other Witchy Stuff"],
growZone: ["6A", "5B"],
lightLevel: "Full Sun",
moistureLevel: "Once a day",
isPerennial: false,
isEdible: true),
preparation: [Preparation.incense, Preparation.satchet]),
Wood(mainInformation: WoodMainInformation(category: .pine,
description: "Another type of wood",
medicinalUses: ["Healthy"],
magicalUses: ["Spells"],
growZone: ["11G", "14F"],
lightLevel: "Full Moon",
moistureLevel: "Twice an hour",
isPerennial: true,
isEdible: true),
preparation: [Preparation.incense, Preparation.satchet])
]
}
Here is my WoodData.swift file, this file contains methods that allow the app to display the correct wood in the list of woods, as well as encode, and decode the woods:
import Foundation
class WoodData: ObservableObject {
#Published var woods = Wood.woodTypes
var favoriteWoods: [Wood] {
woods.filter { $0.isFavorite }
}
func woods(for category: WoodCategory) -> [Wood] {
var filteredWoods = [Wood]()
for wood in woods {
if wood.mainInformation.category == category {
filteredWoods.append(wood)
}
}
return filteredWoods
}
func woods(for category: [WoodCategory]) -> [Wood] {
var filteredWoods = [Wood]()
filteredWoods = woods
return filteredWoods
}
func index(of wood: Wood) -> Int? {
for i in woods.indices {
if woods[i].id == wood.id {
return i
}
}
return nil
}
private var dataFileURL: URL {
do {
let documentsDirectory = try FileManager.default.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: true)
return documentsDirectory.appendingPathComponent("evergreenData")
}
catch {
fatalError("An error occurred while getting the url: \(error)")
}
}
func saveWoods() {
if let encodedData = try? JSONEncoder().encode(woods) {
do {
try encodedData.write(to: dataFileURL)
let string = String(data: encodedData, encoding: .utf8)
print(string)
}
catch {
fatalError("An error occurred while saving woods: \(error)")
}
}
}
func loadWoods() {
guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: dataFileURL) else { return }
do {
let savedWoods = try JSONDecoder().decode([Wood].self, from: data)
woods = savedWoods
}
catch {
fatalError("An error occurred while loading woods: \(error)")
}
}
}
Finally, this is my WoodsDetailView.swift file, this file displays the information for the wood that was selected, as well as calls the method that encodes the wood data:
import SwiftUI
struct WoodsDetailView: View {
#Binding var wood: Wood
#State private var woodsData = WoodData()
var body: some View {
VStack {
List {
Section(header: Text("Description")) {
Text(wood.mainInformation.description)
}
Section(header: Text("Preparation Techniques")) {
ForEach(wood.preparation, id: \.self) { technique in
Text(technique.rawValue)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Edible?")) {
if wood.mainInformation.isEdible {
Text("Edible")
}
else {
Text("Not Edible")
}
}
Section(header: Text("Medicinal Uses")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.medicinalUses.indices, id: \.self) { index in
let medicinalUse = wood.mainInformation.medicinalUses[index]
Text(medicinalUse)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Magical Uses")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.magicalUses.indices, id: \.self) { index in
let magicalUse = wood.mainInformation.magicalUses[index]
Text(magicalUse)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Grow Zone")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.growZone.indices, id: \.self) { index in
let zone = wood.mainInformation.growZone[index]
Text(zone)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Grow It Yourself")) {
Text("Water: \(wood.mainInformation.moistureLevel)")
Text("Needs: \(wood.mainInformation.lightLevel)")
if wood.mainInformation.isPerennial {
Text("Perennial")
}
else {
Text("Annual")
}
}
}
}
.navigationTitle(wood.mainInformation.category.rawValue)
.onDisappear {
woodsData.saveWoods()
}
.toolbar {
ToolbarItem {
HStack {
Button(action: {
wood.isFavorite.toggle()
}) {
Image(systemName: wood.isFavorite ? "heart.fill" : "heart")
}
}
}
}
}
}
struct WoodsDetailView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
#State static var wood = Wood.woodTypes[0]
static var previews: some View {
WoodsDetailView(wood: $wood)
}
}
This is my MainTabView.swift file:
import SwiftUI
struct MainTabView: View {
#StateObject var woodData = WoodData()
var body: some View {
TabView {
NavigationView {
List {
WoodsListView(viewStyle: .allCategories(WoodCategory.allCases))
}
}
.tabItem { Label("Main", systemImage: "list.dash")}
NavigationView {
List {
WoodsListView(viewStyle: .favorites)
}
.navigationTitle("Favorites")
}.tabItem { Label("Favorites", systemImage: "heart.fill")}
}
.environmentObject(woodData)
.onAppear {
woodData.loadWoods()
}
.preferredColorScheme(.dark)
}
}
struct MainTabView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
MainTabView()
}
}
This is my WoodListView.swift file:
import SwiftUI
struct WoodsListView: View {
#EnvironmentObject private var woodData: WoodData
let viewStyle: ViewStyle
var body: some View {
ForEach(woods) { wood in
NavigationLink(wood.mainInformation.category.rawValue, destination: WoodsDetailView(wood: binding(for: wood)))
}
}
}
extension WoodsListView {
enum ViewStyle {
case favorites
case singleCategory(WoodCategory)
case allCategories([WoodCategory])
}
private var woods: [Wood] {
switch viewStyle {
case let .singleCategory(category):
return woodData.woods(for: category)
case let .allCategories(category):
return woodData.woods(for: category)
case .favorites:
return woodData.favoriteWoods
}
}
func binding(for wood: Wood) -> Binding<Wood> {
guard let index = woodData.index(of: wood) else {
fatalError("Wood not found")
}
return $woodData.woods[index]
}
}
struct WoodsListView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
WoodsListView(viewStyle: .singleCategory(.ash))
.environmentObject(WoodData())
}
}
Any assistance into why it is not encoding the toggled isFavorite property will be greatly appreciated.
Your problem is that structs are value types in Swift. Essentially this means that the instance of Wood that you have in WoodsDetailView is not the same instance that is in your array in your model (WoodData); It is a copy (Technically, the copy is made as soon as you modify the isFavourite property).
In SwiftUI it is important to maintain separation of responsibilities between the view and the model.
Changing the favourite status of a Wood is something the view should ask the model to do.
This is where you have a second issue; In your detail view you are creating a separate instance of your model; You need to refer to a single instance.
You have a good start; you have put your model instance in the environment where views can access it.
First, change the detail view to remove the binding, refer to the model from the environment and ask the model to do the work:
struct WoodsDetailView: View {
var wood: Wood
#EnvironmentObject private var woodsData: WoodData
var body: some View {
VStack {
List {
Section(header: Text("Description")) {
Text(wood.mainInformation.description)
}
Section(header: Text("Preparation Techniques")) {
ForEach(wood.preparation, id: \.self) { technique in
Text(technique.rawValue)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Edible?")) {
if wood.mainInformation.isEdible {
Text("Edible")
}
else {
Text("Not Edible")
}
}
Section(header: Text("Medicinal Uses")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.medicinalUses, id: \.self) { medicinalUse in
Text(medicinalUse)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Magical Uses")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.magicalUses, id: \.self) { magicalUse in
Text(magicalUse)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Grow Zone")) {
ForEach(wood.mainInformation.growZone, id: \.self) { zone in
Text(zone)
}
}
Section(header: Text("Grow It Yourself")) {
Text("Water: \(wood.mainInformation.moistureLevel)")
Text("Needs: \(wood.mainInformation.lightLevel)")
if wood.mainInformation.isPerennial {
Text("Perennial")
}
else {
Text("Annual")
}
}
}
}
.navigationTitle(wood.mainInformation.category.rawValue)
.onDisappear {
woodsData.saveWoods()
}
.toolbar {
ToolbarItem {
HStack {
Button(action: {
self.woodsData.toggleFavorite(for: wood)
}) {
Image(systemName: wood.isFavorite ? "heart.fill" : "heart")
}
}
}
}
}
}
struct WoodsDetailView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var wood = Wood.woodTypes[0]
static var previews: some View {
WoodsDetailView(wood: wood)
}
}
I also got rid of the unnecessary use of indices when listing the properties.
Now, add a toggleFavorite function to your WoodData object:
func toggleFavorite(for wood: Wood) {
guard let index = self.woods.firstIndex(where:{ $0.id == wood.id }) else {
return
}
self.woods[index].isFavorite.toggle()
}
You can also remove the index(of wood:Wood) function (which was really just duplicating Array's firstIndex(where:) function) and the binding(for wood:Wood) function.
Now, not only does your code do what you want, but you have hidden the mechanics of toggling a favorite from the view; It simply asks for the favorite status to be toggled and doesn't need to know what this actually involves.
I'm trying to learn SwiftUI, but i can't seem to get my view to update. I want my WorkoutsView to refresh with the newly added workout when the user presses the "Add" button:
WorkoutTrackerApp:
#main
struct WorkoutTrackerApp: App {
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
WorkoutTrackerView()
}
}
}
extension WorkoutTrackerApp {
struct WorkoutTrackerView: View {
#StateObject var workoutService = WorkoutService.instance
var body: some View {
NavigationView {
WorkoutsView { $workout in
NavigationLink(destination: WorkoutView(workout: $workout)){
Text(workout.title)
}
}
.toolbar {
Button("Add") {
workoutService.addNewWorkout()
}
}
.navigationTitle("Workouts")
}
.environmentObject(workoutService)
}
}
}
WorkoutsView:
import Foundation
import SwiftUI
struct WorkoutsView<Wrapper>: View where Wrapper: View {
#EnvironmentObject var workoutService: WorkoutService
#StateObject var viewModel: ViewModel
let workoutWrapper: (Binding<Workout>) -> Wrapper
init(_ viewModel: ViewModel = .init(), workoutWrapper: #escaping (Binding<Workout>) -> Wrapper) {
_viewModel = StateObject(wrappedValue: viewModel)
self.workoutWrapper = workoutWrapper
}
var body: some View {
List {
Section(header: Text("All Workouts")) {
ForEach($viewModel.workouts) { $workout in
workoutWrapper($workout)
}
}
}
.onAppear {
viewModel.workoutService = self.workoutService
viewModel.getWorkouts()
}
}
}
extension WorkoutsView {
class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
#Published var workouts = [Workout]()
var workoutService: WorkoutService?
func getWorkouts() {
workoutService?.getWorkouts { workouts in
self.workouts = workouts
}
}
}
}
WorkoutService:
import Foundation
class WorkoutService: ObservableObject {
static let instance = WorkoutService()
#Published var workouts = [Workout]()
private init() {
for i in 0...5 {
let workout = Workout(id: i, title: "Workout \(i)", exercises: [])
workouts.append(workout)
}
}
func getWorkouts(completion: #escaping ([Workout]) -> Void) {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
completion(self.workouts)
}
}
func addNewWorkout() {
let newWorkout = Workout(title: "New Workout")
workouts = workouts + [newWorkout]
}
}
The .onAppear in WorkoutsView only gets called once - when the view gets initialised for the first time. I want it to also get triggered when workoutService.addNewWorkout() gets called.
FYI: The WorkoutService is a 'mock' service, in the future i want to call an API there.
Figured it out, changed the body of WorkoutsView to this:
var body: some View {
List {
Section(header: Text("All Workouts")) {
ForEach($viewModel.workouts) { $workout in
workoutWrapper($workout)
}
}
}
.onAppear {
viewModel.workoutService = self.workoutService
viewModel.getWorkouts()
}
.onReceive(workoutService.objectWillChange) {
viewModel.getWorkouts()
}
}
Now the workouts list gets refreshed when workoutService publisher emits. The solution involved using the .onReceive to do something when the WorkoutService changes.
I'm using a three column navigation layout and facing the issue, that when selecting the same second column's item, the drawers won't close. If I take the files app as reference, selecting the same item again will close the drawer. Can someone tell me what's the issue? And is drawer the correct term?
Thanks in advance, Carsten
Code to reproduce:
import SwiftUI
extension UISplitViewController {
open override func viewDidLoad() {
preferredDisplayMode = .twoBesideSecondary
}
}
#main
struct TestApp: App {
#Environment(\.factory) var factory
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
NavigationView {
ContentView(viewModel: factory.createVM1())
ContentView2(viewModel: factory.createVM2())
EmptyView()
}
}
}
}
struct FactoryKey: EnvironmentKey {
static let defaultValue: Factory = Factory()
}
extension EnvironmentValues {
var factory: Factory {
get {
return self[FactoryKey.self]
}
set {
self[FactoryKey.self] = newValue
}
}
}
class Factory {
func createVM1() -> ViewModel1 {
ViewModel1()
}
func createVM2() -> ViewModel2 {
ViewModel2()
}
func createVM3(from item: ViewModel2.Model) -> ViewModel3 {
ViewModel3(item: item)
}
}
class ViewModel1: ObservableObject {
struct Model: Identifiable {
let id: UUID = UUID()
let name: String
}
#Published var items: [Model]
init() {
items = (1 ... 4).map { Model(name: "First Column Item \($0)") }
}
}
struct ContentView: View {
#Environment(\.factory) var factory
#StateObject var viewModel: ViewModel1
var body: some View {
List {
ForEach(viewModel.items) { item in
NavigationLink(
destination: ContentView2(viewModel: factory.createVM2()),
label: {
Text(item.name)
})
}
}
}
}
class ViewModel2: ObservableObject {
struct Model: Identifiable {
let id: UUID = UUID()
let name: String
}
#Published var items: [Model]
init() {
items = (1 ... 4).map { Model(name: "Second Column Item \($0)") }
}
}
struct ContentView2: View {
#Environment(\.factory) var factory
#StateObject var viewModel: ViewModel2
var body: some View {
List {
ForEach(viewModel.items) { item in
NavigationLink(
destination: Detail(viewModel: factory.createVM3(from: item)),
label: {
Text(item.name)
})
}
}
}
}
class ViewModel3: ObservableObject {
let item: ViewModel2.Model
init(item: ViewModel2.Model) {
self.item = item
}
}
struct Detail: View {
#StateObject var viewModel: ViewModel3
var body: some View {
Text(viewModel.item.name)
}
}
I have a List and items containing a Picker view (segmented control stye). I would like to handle selection and picker state separately. the picker should be disabled when list item is not selected.
The problem is:
first tap - selects the list item. (selected = true)
tap on picker - set selection = false
On UIKit, Button/SegmentControl/etc... catch the 'tap' and do not pass through to TableView selection state.
struct ListView: View {
#State var selected = Set<Int>()
let items = (1...10).map { ItemDataModel(id: $0) }
var body: some View {
List(items) { item in
ListItemView(dataModel: item)
.onTapGesture { if !(selected.remove(item.id) != .none) { selected.insert(item.id) }}
}
}
}
struct ListItemView: View {
#ObservedObject var dataModel: ItemDataModel
var body: some View {
let pickerBinding = Binding<Int>(
get: { dataModel.state?.rawValue ?? -1 },
set: { dataModel.state = DataState(rawValue: $0) }
)
HStack {
Text(dataModel.title)
Spacer()
Picker("sdf", selection: pickerBinding) {
Text("State 1").tag(0)
Text("State 2").tag(1)
Text("State 3").tag(2)
}.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
}
}
}
enum DataState: Int {
case state1, state2, state3
}
class ItemDataModel: Hashable, Identifiable, ObservableObject {
let id: Int
let title: String
#Published var state: DataState? = .state1
init(id: Int) {
self.id = id
title = "item \(id)"
}
func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
hasher.combine(title)
}
static func == (lhs: ItemDataModel, rhs: ItemDataModel) -> Bool {
return lhs.id == rhs.id
}
}
[Please try to ignore syntax errors (if exsist) and focus on the gesture issue]
A possible solution is to apply modifiers only when the Picker is not selected:
struct ListView: View {
#State var selected = Set<Int>()
let items = (1 ... 10).map { ItemDataModel(id: $0) }
var body: some View {
List(items) { item in
if selected.contains(item.id) {
ListItemView(dataModel: item)
} else {
ListItemView(dataModel: item)
.disabled(true)
.onTapGesture {
if !(selected.remove(item.id) != .none) {
selected.insert(item.id)
}
}
}
}
}
}
How can the destination of a NavigationLink can modified to detect which item within a list was clicked? An if statement of some sort would be very helpful but all items currently do the same thing.
import SwiftUI
let textTitle = NSLocalizedString("PageTitle", comment: "")
let textItemA = NSLocalizedString("ItemA", comment: "")
let textItemB = NSLocalizedString("ItemB", comment: "")
let textItemC = NSLocalizedString("ItemC", comment: "")
struct ItemMain: Identifiable {
var id = UUID()
var name: String
}
let myItems: [MyItem] = [
MyItem(name: textItemA),
MyItem(name: textItemB),
MyItem(name: textItemC)]
struct ContentView: View {
#State private var showingAlert = false
var body: some View {
NavigationView{
List(myItems) { myItem in
NavigationLink(destination: MyDetailView(myItem: myItem)) {
Text(myItem.name)
}
}
.navigationBarTitle(textTitle)
}
}
}
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ContentView()
}
}
struct MyDetailView: View {
var myItem: MyItem
var body: some View {
Text(myIem.name)
}
}
I customized your MyItem model as it is not provided by you
enum MyItemType {
case navigation
case alert
}
struct MyItem: Identifiable {
let id = UUID()
let name: String
var type: MyItemType = .alert
}
And made changed to your ContentView
struct ContentView: View {
#State private var showingAlert = false
var body: some View {
NavigationView{
listView
.navigationBarTitle(textTitle)
}
.alert(isPresented: $showingAlert) {
//Customise your alert according to your need
Alert(title: Text("Alert"))
}
}
private var listView: some View {
List(myItems) { myItem in
if myItem.type == .navigation {
NavigationLink(destination: MyDetailView(myItem: myItem)) {
Text(myItem.name)
}
} else {
Button(action: {
self.showingAlert = true
}) {
Text(myItem.name)
}
}
}
}
}
And lastly your myItems array:
let myItems: [MyItem] = [
MyItem(name: textItemA, type: MyItemType.navigation),
MyItem(name: textItemB),
MyItem(name: textItemC)
]
You can use if statement inside the ForEach to specify special cases:
List(myItems) { myItem in
if (myItem.name == "ItemA") //<<< Here goes your if
{
NavigationLink(destination: MyDetailView(myItem: myItem)) {
Text(myItem.name)
}
}
else
{
//show your alert here