Including OpenCV and spdlog creates compile error in VS2017 with /permissive- - opencv

Question

we observed strange compile errors when including files from OpenCV and spdlog in a Visual Studio 2017 project that uses conformance mode (/permissive-):
Build started...
1>------ Build started: Project: test, Configuration: Debug x64 ------
1>main.cpp
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include\algorithm(5386): error C2676: binary '<': 'const _Ty' does not define this operator or a conversion to a type acceptable to the predefined operator
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=std::chrono::duration<std::chrono::system_clock::rep,std::chrono::system_clock::period>
1> ]
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include\algorithm(5385): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'const _Ty &std::max<std::chrono::duration<std::chrono::system_clock::rep,std::chrono::system_clock::period>>(const _Ty &,const _Ty &) noexcept(<expr>)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=std::chrono::duration<std::chrono::system_clock::rep,std::chrono::system_clock::period>
1> ]
1>d:\libraries\spdlog\1.4.1\include\spdlog\details\pattern_formatter-inl.h(880): note: while compiling class template member function 'void spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<Padder,std::chrono::seconds>::format(const spdlog::details::log_msg &,const tm &,spdlog::memory_buf_t &)'
1> with
1> [
1> Padder=spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder
1> ]
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include\type_traits(616): note: see reference to class template instantiation 'spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<Padder,std::chrono::seconds>' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> Padder=spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder
1> ]
1>d:\libraries\spdlog\1.4.1\include\spdlog\details\pattern_formatter-inl.h(1216): note: see reference to class template instantiation 'std::is_convertible<spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<Padder,std::chrono::seconds> *,_Ty *>' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> Padder=spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder,
1> _Ty=spdlog::details::flag_formatter
1> ]
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include\algorithm(5386): note: see reference to variable template 'const bool conjunction_v<std::negation<std::is_array<spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder,std::chrono::duration<__int64,std::ratio<1,1> > > > >,std::is_convertible<spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder,std::chrono::duration<__int64,std::ratio<1,1> > > *,spdlog::details::flag_formatter *>,std::is_convertible<std::default_delete<spdlog::details::elapsed_formatter<spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder,std::chrono::duration<__int64,std::ratio<1,1> > > >,std::default_delete<spdlog::details::flag_formatter> > >' being compiled
1>d:\libraries\spdlog\1.4.1\include\spdlog\details\pattern_formatter-inl.h(1295): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'void spdlog::pattern_formatter::handle_flag_<spdlog::details::null_scoped_padder>(char,spdlog::details::padding_info)' being compiled
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.16.27023\include\algorithm(5386): error C2056: illegal expression
1>Done building project "test.vcxproj" -- FAILED.
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
The file that produced the errors is just:
#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
return 0;
}
Changing the include order did not resolve the problem but the errors disappear when we use the 2019 compiler or when we enable the conformance mode. Switching to a newer compiler is not an option and i would like to keep conformance mode enabled.
Do you know what could be the causes of the problem and how to fix it?
Tested with (all share the issue):
spdlog: 1.4.1, 1.10.0
OpenCV: 4.0.1, 4.6.0