Why Special Characters dont show in my pdf in latex - latex

i have a problem outputing special characthers in latex even tho im using latin packages

Did you try using the escaped version (ie. \'e ,\`a ...) ? Without any MWE it will be hard to help you more than this.

Related

Rmarkdown journal template rendering inverted exclamation mark (¡) in table, while .tex has correct less than symbol "<"

I'm writing a paper using the ACM manuscript latex template in Rmarkdown. I have a table including p values, which have been formatted with scales::pvalue() to get the < symbols in there instead of long almost-zero numbers.
The problem I'm having is that even though in the .tex file that gets produced from my Rmarkdown has the correct symbol, it still gets rendered as (¡) on the pdf.
I'm aware this is probably related to https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2369/why-do-the-less-than-symbol-and-the-greater-than-symbol-appear-wrong-as, but as the class I'm using as part of the template already uses T1 font encoding, I'm at a loss for how to solve this.
I am also unable to recreate the problem in overleaf. Pasting what the latex script for the table into https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/acm-conference-proceedings-primary-article-template/wbvnghjbzwpc works as expected.
Turns out that there was a TinyTex package missing - I compiled with MikTex and it worked, so then I ran tinytex::install_yuhui_pkgs() and it finally worked.
Thanks #samcarter_is_at_topanswers.xyz for your help.

RStudio - Script opened with wrong encoding, how to get back original characters?

I have a file in Spanish, when seen on my teacher's PC a bit of text would display as
regresión cuantílica más
but now that I've opened on mine I see this:
regresión cuantílica más
I have tried "Save with Encoding" to ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8 but it doesn't seem to change anything. Will I need to run some regex replacements on my file or is there a simpler way to fix this?
If you have already saved it and you've lost the original version of the file, it will be a pain to recover.
What you should have done when you noticed the bad characters was "Reopen with encoding", and chosen the "UTF-8" encoding. If you can still get the original file, do this now.
If you can't, then you're stuck with lots of manual fixing. Accented characters (and Euro signs, and a few other things) will show up as multi-character sequences. When you recognize one, use search and replace to replace that sequence with the correct character.

Different \chi symbols in LaTeX

I am typesetting a LaTeX document with some Greek symbols, using the xelatex engine.
For some reason, the \chi command creates a different symbol than I would expect:
versus
They are close, but not exactly the same, and I would like to obtain the second.
Is there a special package that I should invoke?
Thanks in advance for any hint,
Adrian
Remove any font changing packages from the preamble.
In this case it turned out that the offending one was mathptmx.

Tilde over n when when converting from markdown to latex with pandoc

I have a markdown document that I convert to PDF via pandoc's latex engine. I'm trying to render an n with a tilde over it, as in "niño", with markdown like the following:
ni\~{n}o
...but this just gets rendered in the PDF as "ni~no" -- i.e. the tilde gets interpreted literally. I've also tried escaping the backslash (ni\\~{n}o), surrounding everything in brackets (ni{\~{n}}o), and basically what I think is every possible combination of escaping characters in this sequence, but nothing works. It also fails even when the sequence is on its own (i.e. \~{n}).
But, other similar sequences that are based on letters rather than symbols work just fine (e.g. Otter\r{a} gets rendered correctly to "Otterå"). Pandoc is specifically failing to handle the tilde (or maybe more generally non-letter-based latex character sequences -- I haven't tested others).
The command I'm using to build the pdf is pandoc file.md -o file.pdf. I've also tried specifying -f markdown+raw_tex, but it still fails (nor should I need to, since the \r{a} works without it, and I think raw_tex is enabled by default anyway).
Any thoughts? I know I can use xetex to just enter these characters directly, but that's not really a satisfying solution...
Besides using the ñ character directly (which apparently works in native Pandoc because it's magic!), an alternative is to create a simple LaTeX \newcommand for forcing native TeX interpretation.
\newcommand{\tex}[1]{#1}
ni\tex{\~n}o
Thanks to John McFarlane for introducing me to this clever workaround!

What is the best way to produce a tilde in LaTeX for a website?

Following the previous questions on this topic, when you produce a website in LaTeX what is the best way to produce a url that contains a tilde? \verb produces the upper tilde that does not read well, and $\sim$ does not copy/pase well (adding a space when I do it). Solutions?
It seems like this should be one of those things that has a very easy fix... if it doesn't, why not?
I'd look at the url package.
I know this is an old question, but I recently came up with something that, despite a severe lack of elegance, works beautifully.
\catcode`~=11 % make LaTeX treat tilde (~) like a normal character
\newcommand{\urltilde}{\kern -.15em\lower .7ex\hbox{~}\kern .04em}
\catcode`~=13 % revert back to treating tilde (~) as an active character
Now you can use \urltilde inside of a \url tag (even in a .bib file) and:
1) the URL will render perfectly;
2) clicking on the URL will take you to the correct address; and,
3) copy-paste will put the correct address in the clipboard.
This is the only solution I have found that satisfies all three of these requirements. I hope it helps somebody out there.
url package didn't work for me. hyperref does the job.
\usepackage{hyperref}
\url{http://website.com/~username/some_stuff/}
I think it is better to use URL encoding in such a case (see, e.g., http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/html/topics/urlencoding.htm).
It means replacing the tilde in the link with %7E.
Maybe it does not look so good in the final document (readers will see %7E instead of the tilde), but at least the copy-paste functionality works for sure, which I think is the most important thing.
For instance, for the link www.example.com/~someuser/somepage.htm I use the following code:
{\tt http://www.example.com/\%7Esomeuser/somepage.htm}
PS: The same applies for all links with white spaces or any other special characters.
I think $_{\widetilde{~}}$ works good for the tilde issue.
I want to suggest using %7e
\tt{http://example.com/\%7etest}
tt is for making it monospace.
It looks a bit different, but it allows copy-and-paste.
\symbol{126} would be another way, but in the default font it also yields a superscripted tilde. An ugly hack (but what isn't in LaTeX) would be to use
${}_{\textrm{\symbol{126}}}$
which produces a text tilde in Math mode and subscripts it. So it appears in the middle of the line. Seems to work for a clickable link as well. You can always put that into a command on its own :)
I'm not a latex user admittedly, but does this page help?
http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~mgeorg/html/tildalatex.html
They do the following:
\def\urltilda{\kern -.15em\lower .7ex\hbox{\~{}}\kern .04em}
\def\urldot{\kern -.10em.\kern -.10em}
\def\urlhttp{http\kern -.10em\lower -.1ex\hbox{:}\kern -.12em\lower 0ex\hbox{/}\kern -.18em\lower 0ex\hbox{/}}
The way this is used is
{\tt mgeorg#cse\urldot wustl\urldot edu}
{\tt \urlhttp www\urldot cse\urldot wustl\urldot edu/\urltilda mgeorg}
After wasting a lot of time on a related problem with LaTeXing a tilde, I thought I should record my results here in case it is a help to anyone else.
tldr: To avoid some of the difficulties of typesetting a proper tilde ~ character, I recommend adding
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
in the preamble of your latex file to get more modern versions of font encoding. On modern TeX installations, this automatically loads the T1-encoded version of Knuth's Computer Modern fonts.
Details:
As has been noted by previous posters, using standard pdflatex/latex with the default fonts (the original OT1-encoded Computer Modern), there are difficulties in trying to render a regular tilde character, ~, and there are various workarounds with varying degrees of satisfaction. One workaround is to use the textasciitilde command. For example, you can use it to put a tilde in a URL, like:
https://w3.pppl.gov/\textasciitilde{}hammett
This gives a raised tilde (the kind of tilde intended for accents over another character), and methods to lower it to a more normal tilde are discussed by other posters. While this works as expected if the resulting PDF file is viewed in Adobe Acrobat, a downside is that if the PDF is viewed with the built-in Preview app on a Mac (or if viewed in TeXShop's previewer, which uses the same Mac libraries for rendering), then this URL link visually looks correct as https://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett, but if you actually click on it, it gets interpreted only as
https://w3.pppl.gov/
If you try to cut and paste the whole URL from Preview into a browser, the tilde in the pdf is replaced with a blank
https://w3.pppl.gov/%20hammett
so it doesn't work. (If you paste into some browsers, there are other special characters added also). (The \url{...} command will display a URL with tildes correctly, but forces it to use a fixed-space terminal font, and there are times when you want to use a tilde somewhere besides in a URL.)
Investigating further, I learned that the character that latex puts into the pdf file is not a regular tilde character but a "Combining Tilde"
COMBINING TILDE Unicode: U+0303, UTF-8: CC 83
(previously known as a "non-spacing tilde", indicating its usage for accents over another character) and that is what Mac's Preview renders. This means that cut-and-paste from Mac's Preview into a browser fails.
However, Adobe Acrobat somehow implemented a workaround and when displaying the pdf converts this into a regular "Tilde"
TILDE Unicode: U+007E, UTF-8: 7E
so cut-and-paste of a URL with a tilde from an Adobe-displayed pdf file into a web browser works fine.
(I determined these unicode values by copying the rendered tilde character from the TeXShop Preview window and pasting it into the Character Viewer app in the menu bar on a Mac. Then right-click on the character to select "Copy Character Info". The Character Viewer app can be turned on in Mac Preferences, Keyboard, and select "Show keyboard and emoji viewers in menu bar".)
This problem goes away if you use T1-encoded fonts by adding
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
to your latex file preamble. Furthermore, if you use the Adobe Times-like font
\usepackage{newtxtext}
then tilde is rendered at mid height automatically and doesn't need to be lowered. (The above command uses the newtx font only for regular text, while leaving the math fonts unchanged. I like newtxtext because it is slightly darker than CM. But for math I prefer to keep Knuth's traditional Computer Modern CM font, because the newtxmath font, like other Times math fonts, renders math italic v in way that is confusingly like a Greek nu.)
P.S.: For more info on why it's always good to use the fontenc package for a more modern approach than the 1970's original encoding, see (1) https://www.texfaq.org/FAQ-why-inp-font, (2) https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/664/why-should-i-use-usepackaget1fontenc, and (3) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Fonts.

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