Total of items in column where another column equals a value - google-sheets

I have the following structure
Column1 Column2
Foo 100
Baa 200
How can I have a value that is the sum of all column2 values where its column1 value is equal to Foo?


a lot of solutions for this like:
=SUMIF(A1:A; "Foo"; B1:B)
=SUMIFS(B1:B; A1:A; "Foo")
=INDEX(SUM((A1:A="foo")*B1:B))
=SUM(FILTER(B1:B; A1:A="Foo"))
=SUMPRODUCT(B1:B*(A1:A="Foo"))
=QUERY(A1:B; "select sum(B) where A = 'Foo'")

Related

Google Sheet IFS combine with FILTER Function

I have the following Google Seet Table
Old New New2
W01
W02 W04
W03 W05 W06
I want to create a formular that transforms the table to this one
Old New
W02 W04
W03 W05
W05 W06
So any time a switch from Old to New or New to New2 happens should be displayed.
I wrote the following formular but i always get an error:
= IFS(B1 = "";""; AND(NOT(B1 = ""); NICHT(C1 = ""));FILTER({A1\ B1}; NICHT(A1=""));NICHT(B1 = "");FILTER({B1\ C1}; NICHT(B1="")))
Has anybody an idea?

Concatenate the results of two Query calls:
={
QUERY(A1:B4,
"select A,B where B<>''");
QUERY(B1:C4,
"select B,C where C<>'' label B '', C ''", 1)
}
or in German locale:
={
QUERY(A1:B4;
"select A,B where B<>''");
QUERY(B1:C4;
"select B,C where C<>'' label B '', C ''"; 1)
}
The label statements in the second query are necessary to suppress the column labels since you want to treat certain columns in New1 as Old.

Google Sheets: Count number of rows in a column that do not match corresponding row in another column?

Say we have the following spreadsheet in google sheets:
a a
b b
c
d e
e d
How would I build a formula that counts the number of rows in column B that do not match the corresponding row in column A, and are not blank? In other words I want to get the number of rows that changed to a new letter in column B. So in this example the formula should return 2.
Thank you for your help.
UPDATE:
Now suppose I have this spreadsheet:
a a
b b b
c a
d e e
e d e
How would I build on the last formula for the third column, where the value returned is:
(the number of rows in column 3 that don't match the corresponding row in column 2) + (if column 2 is blank, the number of rows in column 3 that do not match the corresponding row in column 1)
and I also don't want to count blanks in the third column.
The value returned in this case should be 2 (rows 3 and 5).

To me it sounds like you could use:
=SUMPRODUCT((B:B<>"")*(B:B<>A:A))

=IFNA(ROWS(FILTER(A:B,
(A:A<>B:B)*
(B:B<>"")
)),0)
FILTER by matching conditions * for AND + for OR.
ROWS counts rows
IFNA returns 0 if nothing was found.
or with QUERY
=INDEX(QUERY(A:B,"select count(B) where B<>A"),2)

Try this:
=ARRAYFORMULA(COUNTA($B$1:$B)-SUM(COUNTIFS($A$1:$A, $B$1:$B,$B$1:$B,"<>")))

I see 2 ways to complete this.
First you could add a function to each row to return 1 or 0 if the value changed and was not blank and then sum results. This unfortunately adds a messy column in your spreadsheet.
=if(A1<>IF(ISBLANK(B1),A1,B1),1,0)
Second you could create a function where you would pass the range as a string.
The call from the worksheet would look like this:
=myFunction("A1:B5")
Then create a script by opening Tools -> Script editor and use something like this
function myFunction(r) {
var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
var range = sheet.getRange(r);
var numRows = range.getNumRows();
var areDifferent = 0;
for (let i=1; i<= numRows; i++) {
let currentValue = range.getCell(i,1).getValue();
let cmpValue = range.getCell(i,2).getValue();
if ((currentValue != cmpValue) && (cmpValue != "")) {
areDifferent++;
}
}
return areDifferent;
}

Advance manual unpivot of data table [duplicate]

I am trying to produce a "reverse pivot" function. I have searched long and hard for such a function, but cannot find one that is already out there.
I have a summary table with anywhere up to 20 columns and hundreds of rows, however I would like to convert it into a flat list so I can import to a database (or even use the flat data to create more pivot tables from!)
So, I have data in this format:
Customer 1
Customer 2
Customer 3
Product 1
1
2
3
Product 2
4
5
6
Product 3
7
8
9
And need to convert it to this format:
Customer | Product | Qty
-----------+-----------+----
Customer 1 | Product 1 | 1
Customer 1 | Product 2 | 4
Customer 1 | Product 3 | 7
Customer 2 | Product 1 | 2
Customer 2 | Product 2 | 5
Customer 2 | Product 3 | 8
Customer 3 | Product 1 | 3
Customer 3 | Product 2 | 6
Customer 3 | Product 3 | 9
I have created a function that will read the range from sheet1 and append the re-formatted rows at the bottom of the same sheet, however I am trying to get it working so I can have the function on sheet2 that will read the whole range from sheet1.
No matter what I try, I can't seem to get it to work, and was wondering if anybody could give me any pointers?
Here is what I have so far:
function readRows() {
var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
var rows = sheet.getDataRange();
var numRows = rows.getNumRows();
var values = rows.getValues();
heads = values[0]
for (var i = 1; i <= numRows - 1; i++) {
for (var j = 1; j <= values[0].length - 1; j++) {
var row = [values[i][0], values[0][j], values[i][j]];
sheet.appendRow(row)
}
}
};

I wrote a simple general custom function, which is 100% reusable you can unpivot / reverse pivot a table of any size.
In your case you could use it like this: =unpivot(A1:D4,1,1,"customer","sales")
So you can use it just like any built-in array function in spreadsheet.
Please see here 2 examples:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12TBoX2UI_Yu2MA2ZN3p9f-cZsySE4et1slwpgjZbSzw/edit#gid=422214765
The following is the source:
/**
* Unpivot a pivot table of any size.
*
* #param {A1:D30} data The pivot table.
* #param {1} fixColumns Number of columns, after which pivoted values begin. Default 1.
* #param {1} fixRows Number of rows (1 or 2), after which pivoted values begin. Default 1.
* #param {"city"} titlePivot The title of horizontal pivot values. Default "column".
* #param {"distance"[,...]} titleValue The title of pivot table values. Default "value".
* #return The unpivoted table
* #customfunction
*/
function unpivot(data,fixColumns,fixRows,titlePivot,titleValue) {
var fixColumns = fixColumns || 1; // how many columns are fixed
var fixRows = fixRows || 1; // how many rows are fixed
var titlePivot = titlePivot || 'column';
var titleValue = titleValue || 'value';
var ret=[],i,j,row,uniqueCols=1;
// we handle only 2 dimension arrays
if (!Array.isArray(data) || data.length < fixRows || !Array.isArray(data[0]) || data[0].length < fixColumns)
throw new Error('no data');
// we handle max 2 fixed rows
if (fixRows > 2)
throw new Error('max 2 fixed rows are allowed');
// fill empty cells in the first row with value set last in previous columns (for 2 fixed rows)
var tmp = '';
for (j=0;j<data[0].length;j++)
if (data[0][j] != '')
tmp = data[0][j];
else
data[0][j] = tmp;
// for 2 fixed rows calculate unique column number
if (fixRows == 2)
{
uniqueCols = 0;
tmp = {};
for (j=fixColumns;j<data[1].length;j++)
if (typeof tmp[ data[1][j] ] == 'undefined')
{
tmp[ data[1][j] ] = 1;
uniqueCols++;
}
}
// return first row: fix column titles + pivoted values column title + values column title(s)
row = [];
for (j=0;j<fixColumns;j++) row.push(fixRows == 2 ? data[0][j]||data[1][j] : data[0][j]); // for 2 fixed rows we try to find the title in row 1 and row 2
for (j=3;j<arguments.length;j++) row.push(arguments[j]);
ret.push(row);
// processing rows (skipping the fixed columns, then dedicating a new row for each pivoted value)
for (i=fixRows; i<data.length && data[i].length > 0; i++)
{
// skip totally empty or only whitespace containing rows
if (data[i].join('').replace(/\s+/g,'').length == 0 ) continue;
// unpivot the row
row = [];
for (j=0;j<fixColumns && j<data[i].length;j++)
row.push(data[i][j]);
for (j=fixColumns;j<data[i].length;j+=uniqueCols)
ret.push(
row.concat([data[0][j]]) // the first row title value
.concat(data[i].slice(j,j+uniqueCols)) // pivoted values
);
}
return ret;
}

That is basically array manipulation... below is a code that does what you want and writes back the result below existing data.
You can of course adapt it to write on a new sheet if you prefer.
function transformData(){
var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
var data = sheet.getDataRange().getValues();//read whole sheet
var output = [];
var headers = data.shift();// get headers
var empty = headers.shift();//remove empty cell on the left
var products = [];
for(var d in data){
var p = data[d].shift();//get product names in first column of each row
products.push(p);//store
}
Logger.log('headers = '+headers);
Logger.log('products = '+products);
Logger.log('data only ='+data);
for(var h in headers){
for(var p in products){ // iterate with 2 loops (headers and products)
var row = [];
row.push(headers[h]);
row.push(products[p]);
row.push(data[p][h])
output.push(row);//collect data in separate rows in output array
}
}
Logger.log('output array = '+output);
sheet.getRange(sheet.getLastRow()+1,1,output.length,output[0].length).setValues(output);
}
to automatically write the result in a new sheet replace last line of code with these :
var ns = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheets().length+1
SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().insertSheet('New Sheet'+ns,ns).getRange(1,1,output.length,output[0].length).setValues(output);

google-sheets-formula
With the advent of new LAMBDA and MAKEARRAY functions, we can unpivot the data without string manipulation. This works by creating a sequence of appropriate index numbers for the new array, which should be faster than string manipulation.
=ARRAYFORMULA(LAMBDA(range,s_cols,
QUERY(
MAKEARRAY(ROWS(range)*(COLUMNS(range)-s_cols),s_cols+1,
LAMBDA(i,j,
TO_TEXT(
INDEX(range,
ROUNDDOWN(1+(i-1)/(COLUMNS(range)-s_cols)),
if(j>s_cols,MOD(i-1,COLUMNS(range)-s_cols)+s_cols+1,j)
)
)
)
),"where Col"&s_cols+1&" is not null"
)
)(A1:C10,2))
Or as a named function(UNPIVOT(range,s_cols)):
=ARRAYFORMULA(
QUERY(
MAKEARRAY(ROWS(range)*(COLUMNS(range)-s_cols),s_cols+1,
LAMBDA(i,j,
TO_TEXT(
INDEX(range,
ROUNDDOWN(1+(i-1)/(COLUMNS(range)-s_cols)),
if(j>s_cols,MOD(i-1,COLUMNS(range)-s_cols)+s_cols+1,j)
)
)
)
),"where Col"&s_cols+1&" is not null"
)
)
Arguments:
range: The range to unpivot. Eg:A1:C10
s_cols: The number of static columns on the left.Eg:2
google-apps-script
Using simple, yet powerful loops on V8 engine:
/**
* Unpivots the given data
*
* #return Unpivoted data from array
* #param {A1:C4} arr 2D Input Array
* #param {1=} ignoreCols [optional] Number of columns on the left to ignore
* #customfunction
*/
const unpivot = (arr, ignoreCols = 1) =>
((j, out) => {
while (++j < arr[0].length)
((i) => {
while (++i < arr.length)
out.push([arr[0][j], ...arr[i].slice(0, ignoreCols), arr[i][j]]);
})(0);
return out;
})(ignoreCols - 1, []);
Usage:
=UNPIVOT(A1:C4)
=UNPIVOT(A1:F4,3)//3 static cols on left
={{"Customer","Products","Qty"};UNPIVOT(A1:D4)}//add headers
Live demo:
/*<ignore>*/console.config({maximize:true,timeStamps:false,autoScroll:false});/*</ignore>*/
const arr = [
[' ', ' Customer 1 ', ' Customer 2 ', ' Customer 3'],
['Product 1 ', ' 1 ', ' 2 ', ' 3'],
['Product 2 ', ' 4 ', ' 5 ', ' 6'],
['Product 3 ', ' 7 ', ' 8 ', ' 9'],
];
console.log("Input table")
console.table(arr)
/**
* Unpivots the given data
*
* #return Unpivoted data from array
* #param {A1:C4} arr 2D Input Array
* #param {1=} ignoreCols [optional] Number of columns on the left to ignore
* #customfunction
*/
const unpivot = (arr, ignoreCols = 1) =>
((j, out) => {
while (++j < arr[0].length)
((i) => {
while (++i < arr.length)
out.push([arr[0][j], ...arr[i].slice(0, ignoreCols), arr[i][j]]);
})(0);
return out;
})(ignoreCols - 1, []);
console.log("Output table")
console.table(unpivot(arr));
console.log("Output table with 2 static columns")
console.table(unpivot(arr,2));
<!-- https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/375985/ --> <script src="https://gh-canon.github.io/stack-snippet-console/console.min.js"></script>
Check history for older deprecated functions

Use FLATTEN. It converts any array into single column.
Here's the formula for unpivot:
=ARRAYFORMULA(SPLIT(FLATTEN(A2:A12&"💣"&B1:F1&"💣"&B2:F12),"💣"))
FLATTEN creates 1-column array of Item1💣Date1💣67455 strings, which we then split.
Please copy the sample file to try.
Shorter:
=index(SPLIT(FLATTEN(A2:A12&"💣"&B1:F1&"💣"&B2:F12),"💣"))
Please also see this solution.
It uses INDIRECT and settings, so the formula looks like a more general solution:

I didn't think you had enough array formula answers so here's another one.
Test Data (Sheet 1)
Formula for customer
=ArrayFormula(hlookup(int((row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1)/Rows)+2,{COLUMN(Sheet1!$1:$1);Sheet1!$1:$1},2))
(uses a bit of math to make it repeat and hlookup to find correct column in column headers)
Formula for product
=ArrayFormula(vlookup(mod(row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1,Rows)+2,{row(Sheet1!$A:$A),Sheet1!$A:$A},2))
(similar approach using mod and vlookup to find correct row in row headers)
Formula for quantity
=ArrayFormula(vlookup(mod(row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1,Rows)+2,{row(Sheet1!$A:$A),Sheet1!$A:$Z},int((row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1)/Rows)+3))
(extension of above approach to find both row and column in 2d array)
Then combining these three formulas into a query to filter out any blank values for quantity
=ArrayFormula(query(
{hlookup(int((row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1)/Rows)+2, {COLUMN(Sheet1!$1:$1);Sheet1!$1:$1},2),
vlookup(mod(row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1,Rows)+2,{row(Sheet1!$A:$A),Sheet1!$A:$A},2),
vlookup(mod(row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1,Rows)+2,{row(Sheet1!$A:$A),Sheet1!$A:$Z},int((row(indirect("1:"&Tuples))-1)/Rows)+3)},
"select * where Col3 is not null"))
Note
The named ranges Rows and Cols are obtained from the first column and row of the data using counta and Tuples is their product. The separate formulas
=counta(Sheet1!A:A)
=counta(Sheet1!1:1)
and
=counta(Sheet1!A:A)*counta(Sheet1!1:1)
could be included in the main formula if required with some loss of readability.
For reference, here is the 'standard' split/join solution (with 50K data limit) adapted for the present situation:
=ArrayFormula(split(transpose(split(textjoin("♫",true,transpose(if(Sheet1!B2:Z="","",Sheet1!B1:1&"♪"&Sheet1!A2:A&"♪"&Sheet1!B2:Z))),"♫")),"♪"))
This is also fairly slow (processing 2401 array elements). If you restrict the computation to the actual dimensions of the data, it is much faster for small datasets:
=ArrayFormula(split(transpose(split(textjoin("♫",true,transpose(if(Sheet1!B2:index(Sheet1!B2:Z,counta(Sheet1!A:A),counta(Sheet1!1:1))="","",Sheet1!B1:index(Sheet1!B1:1,counta(Sheet1!1:1))&"♪"&Sheet1!A2:index(Sheet1!A2:A,counta(Sheet1!A:A))&"♪"&Sheet1!B2:index(Sheet1!B2:Z,counta(Sheet1!A:A),counta(Sheet1!1:1))))),"♫")),"♪"))

=ARRAYFORMULA({"Customer", "Product", "Qty";
QUERY(TRIM(SPLIT(TRANSPOSE(SPLIT(TRANSPOSE(QUERY(TRANSPOSE(QUERY(TRANSPOSE(
IF(B2:Z<>"", B1:1&"♠"&A2:A&"♠"&B2:Z&"♦", )), , 999^99)), , 999^99)), "♦")), "♠")),
"where Col1<>'' order by Col1")})

Here another alternative:
=arrayformula
(
{ "PRODUCT","CUSTOMER","QTY";
split
( transpose ( split
( textjoin("✫" ,false,filter(Sheet2!A2:A,Sheet2!A2:A<>"") & "✤" &
filter(Sheet2!B1:1,Sheet2!B1:1<>""))
,"✫",true,false)),"✤",true,false
),
transpose ( split ( textjoin ( "✤", false, transpose ( filter
(
indirect( "Sheet2!B2:" & MID(address(1,COUNTA( Sheet2!B1:1)+1), 2,
FIND("$",address(1,COUNTA( Sheet2!B1:1)+1),2)-2)
)
, Sheet2!A2:A<>""
))),"✤",true,false)
)
}
)
Explanation:
1. "PRODUCT","CUSTOMER","QTY"
-- Use for giving title
2. split
( transpose ( split
( textjoin("✫" ,false,filter(Sheet2!A2:A,Sheet2!A2:A<>"") & "✤" &
filter(Sheet2!B1:1,Sheet2!B1:1<>""))
,"✫",true,false)),"✤",true,false
)
-- Use for distributing Row1 and ColumnA, to be Product and Customer Columns
3. transpose ( split ( textjoin ( "✤", false, transpose ( filter
(
indirect( "Sheet2!B2:" & MID(address(1,COUNTA( Sheet2!B1:1)+1), 2,
FIND("$",address(1,COUNTA( Sheet2!B1:1)+1),2)-2)
)
, Sheet2!A2:A<>""
))),"✤",true,false)
)
--use to distributed data qty to Qty Column
Sheet2 Pict:
Result Sheet Pict:

Input Sheet
This function will handle many customers and many products and it will sum the quantities of multiple customer/product entries and summarize it into one simple table.
The Code:
function rPVT() {
var ss=SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
var sh=ss.getSheetByName('Sheet1');
var osh=ss.getSheetByName('Sheet2');
osh.clearContents();
var vA=sh.getDataRange().getValues();
var itoh={};
var pObj={};
vA[0].forEach(function(h,i){if(h){itoh[i]=h;}});
for(var i=1;i<vA.length;i++) {
for(var j=1;j<vA[i].length;j++) {
if(!pObj.hasOwnProperty(itoh[j])){pObj[itoh[j]]={};}
if(!pObj[itoh[j]].hasOwnProperty(vA[i][0])){pObj[itoh[j]][vA[i][0]]=vA[i][j];}else{pObj[itoh[j]][vA[i][0]]+=(vA[i][j]);}
}
}
var oA=[['Customer','Product','Quantity']];
Object.keys(pObj).forEach(function(ik){Object.keys(pObj[ik]).forEach(function(jk){oA.push([ik,jk,pObj[ik][jk]]);});});
osh.getRange(1,1,oA.length,oA[0].length).setValues(oA);
}
Output Sheet:
The following function reads Sheet2 which is the output of the above function and returns it to the original format.
function PVT() {
var ss=SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
var sh2=ss.getSheetByName('Sheet2');
var sh3=ss.getSheetByName('Sheet3');
sh3.clearContents();
var vA=sh2.getRange(2,1,sh2.getLastRow()-1,sh2.getLastColumn()).getValues();
pObj={};
vA.forEach(function(r,i){if(!pObj.hasOwnProperty(r[1])){pObj[r[1]]={};}if(!pObj[r[1]].hasOwnProperty(r[0])){pObj[r[1]][r[0]]=r[2];}else{pObj[r[1]][r[0]]+=r[2];}});
var oA=[];
var ikeys=Object.keys(pObj);
var jkeys=Object.keys(pObj[ikeys[0]]);
var hkeys=jkeys.slice();
hkeys.unshift('');
oA.push(hkeys);
ikeys.forEach(function(ik,i){var row=[];row.push(ik);jkeys.forEach(function(jk,j){row.push(pObj[ik][jk]);});oA.push(row);});
sh3.getRange(1,1,oA.length,oA[0].length).setValues(oA);
}

If your data has a single unique key column, this spreadsheet may have what you need.
Your unpivot sheet will contain:
The key column =OFFSET(data!$A$1,INT((ROW()-2)/5)+1,0)
The column header column =OFFSET(data!$A$1,0,IF(MOD(ROW()-1,5)=0,5,MOD(ROW()-1,5)))
The cell value column =INDEX(data!$A$1:$F$100,MATCH(A2,data!$A$1:$A$100,FALSE),MATCH(B2,data!$A$1:$F$1,FALSE))
where 5 is the number of columns to unpivot.
I did not make the spreadsheet. I happened across it in the same search that led me to this question.

One range refrence
This will work regardless of the number of customers and products. with one range reference in this case (A1:D4)
=ArrayFormula({SPLIT("Customer|Product|Qty","|");
QUERY(LAMBDA(r,SPLIT(FLATTEN(
QUERY({r}, " Select Col1 ", 1)&"+"&
QUERY({r}, " select "& TEXTJOIN(",",1,REGEXREPLACE("Col#", "#", SEQUENCE(COLUMNS(QUERY(r, " select * limit 0 ", 1))-1,1,2,1)&""))&" limit 0 ", 1)&"+"&
QUERY({QUERY({r}, " Select "& TEXTJOIN(",",1,REGEXREPLACE("Col#", "#", SEQUENCE(COLUMNS(QUERY({r}, " select * where Col1 <> '' ", 1))-1,1,2,1)&""))&" ", 0)},
" Select * where Col1 is not null ")),"+"))(A1:D4)," Select * Where Col2 <> '' ")})
Demonstration
This woks well when you have this table "on the left" as an output of another formula.
in this case simulated with the range A1:G15
20 columns and hundreds of rows
Named function
Pending...
Used formulas help
ARRAYFORMULA - SPLIT - QUERY - LAMBDA - FLATTEN - TEXTJOINREGEXREPLACE - SEQUENCE - COLUMNS - NOT

Cypher query for return node which <some_field> = max(<some_field>) value out of a group of nodes

Suppose I have the following data:
field1, field2
1,1
1,4
1,3
2,5
2,2
3,1
3,8
3,9
3,11
4,4
How can I write a cypher query to return the node that has the biggest value of field2 for a given field1. i.e.
1,4
2,5
3,11
4,4
My attempts so far have resulted in the following (which doesn't work):
MATCH(a:A)
WITH COLLECT({field1: a.field1, field2: MAX(a.field2)}) as rowInfos
UNWIND rowInfos as rowInfo
WITH rowInfo.field1 as field1, rowInfo.field2 as maxField2
MATCH (a)
WHERE a.field1 = field1 AND a.field2 = maxField2
return a

Turns out the query to achieve this is rather simple:
MATCH(b:A)
WITH b.field1 as field1, MAX(b.field2) as field2
WHERE b.field1 = field1
MATCH (b)
WHERE b.field1 = field1 AND b.field2 = field2
RETURN b

rails find_by_all attributes

Let's have a table elements with many string columns (c1, c2, c3)
Is there a rails way to find_by_all(my_string) where at least one of columns is set to "my_string" without listing all of them instead of querying like this :
Element.where(c1: "my_string").or.where(c2: "my_string").or.where(c3: "my_string")
or
Element.find_by_c1("my_string") || Element.find_by_c2("my_string") || Element.find_by_c3("my_string")
(I know i can use sql trick like: Element.where(CONCAT_WS('|', c1, c2, c3) LIKE '%my_string%'), but it's not really railzy)

You have to list all of columns you want to query.
columns = %w(c1 c2 c3)
Or use column_names method
columns = Element.column_names
then use rails_or and do it like
str = 'my_string'
columns.inject(Element.where(0)){|model, col| model.or(col => str) }
Note that you may want to exclude none-string columns like id, created_at, updated_at:
columns -= %w(id created_at updated_at)

You can do something like following (Of course if string is same)
Element.where('c1= :var OR c2= :var OR c3= :var', { var: 'my_string' })
For all the columns
Element.where(%w(c1 c2 c3).map{|col| "#{col} = :var"}.join(' OR '), { var: 'my_string' })

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