docker, container ports and iptables - docker

Question

I have inserted an iptables rule to block access to my containers from the internet (according to the official docker docs), but now my containers cannot access the internet either.
I run a container on a dedicated server like this:
docker run --name mycontainer --network network1 -d -p 10000:80 someImage
I can access that container from my home network...:
telnet servername.com 10000
... even though I have limited access using ufw:
ufw status
Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
22 ALLOW Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW Anywhere
...
It makes no mention of port 10000, and I initially denied all incoming ports.
According to the docs at https://docs.docker.com/network/iptables/ when starting a container with -p, docker will automatically expose the port through the firewall by manipulating iptables, using rules which are evaluated before ufw rules.
Those docs then go on to suggest blocking incoming requests like this, in the section titled "Restrict connections to the Docker host":
iptables -I DOCKER-USER -i eno ! -s 192.168.1.1 -j DROP
I got the interface name by running route:
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default static-ip-182-1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-ef37f7b34afa
172.19.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-979cf8868fcd
182.133.43.627 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eno
It works, I can no longer telnet onto port 10000. (surprisingly I didn't need to reload / restart anything).
Unfortunately, I can no longer access the internet from inside a container. The dedicated server can still ping google.com, but my container cannot:
docker exec mycontainer ping google.com
ping: unknown host
That was working before inserting the iptables rule, but doesn't work any more.
Question 1: what do I have to change in ufw / iptables so that my containers can again access the internet (outgoing), but so that I still cannot access my container from the internet (incoming)?
Question 2: what do I have to change in the iptables rule so that it survives a reboot, because I noticed that after a reboot, I can again telnet to port 10000.
UPDATE:
docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
a1e2c7cdbc65 bridge bridge local
218e121af9cd host host local
979cf8868fcd network1 bridge local
cee02cfd1dba none null local
ef37f7b34afa network2 bridge local
I noticed that /etc/resolv.conf is different depending upon whether I check on a container inside a network or one with the default network:
docker run -it --rm --network network1 alpine cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 127.0.0.11
options ndots:0
docker run -it --rm alpine cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 80.237.128.56
nameserver 80.237.128.57
Those two nameservers are the ones that my dedicated server uses.
ufw show raw | grep DROP
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
0 0 DROP all -- * docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * br-ef37f7b34afa 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * br-979cf8868fcd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
14262 1201304 DROP all -- eno * !127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0/0
173 37057 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
427 35720 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0 rt type:0
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0 rt type:0
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0 ctstate INVALID
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0 rt type:0
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0
0 0 DROP all * * ::/0 ::/0
a little more detail around those drops and docker generally:
Chain DOCKER (3 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
2 120 ACCEPT tcp -- !br-979cf8868fcd br-979cf8868fcd 0.0.0.0/0 172.19.0.2 tcp dpt:3306
1 60 ACCEPT tcp -- !br-ef37f7b34afa br-ef37f7b34afa 0.0.0.0/0 172.18.0.2 tcp dpt:18088
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- !br-979cf8868fcd br-979cf8868fcd 0.0.0.0/0 172.19.0.3 tcp dpt:80
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- !br-ef37f7b34afa br-ef37f7b34afa 0.0.0.0/0 172.18.0.3 tcp dpt:3306
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
19 1164 DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- docker0 !docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
14533 1228562 DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- br-ef37f7b34afa !br-ef37f7b34afa 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
168 14646 DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- br-979cf8868fcd !br-979cf8868fcd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
25893 4430799 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (3 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DROP all -- * docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * br-ef37f7b34afa 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DROP all -- * br-979cf8868fcd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
14720 1244372 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
14465 1218356 DROP all -- eno2 * !127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0/0
25893 4430799 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ufw show raw | grep REJECT # contains ip addresses from fail2ban
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 85.202.169.48 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
25 1904 REJECT all -- * * 112.85.42.128 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
19 1664 REJECT all -- * * 61.177.172.89 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
23 1884 REJECT all -- * * 112.85.42.74 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
21 1764 REJECT all -- * * 112.85.42.15 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
23 1884 REJECT all -- * * 112.85.42.87 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
22 1748 REJECT all -- * * 122.194.229.54 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
19 1644 REJECT all -- * * 122.194.229.45 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
22 1844 REJECT all -- * * 218.92.0.221 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
18 1104 REJECT all -- * * 112.85.42.88 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
0 0 REJECT all * * ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-port-unreachable