What is the purpose of NSPasteboard.WritingOptions? - ios

I couldn't find any proper explanation of what NSPasteboard.WritingOptions does.
what does this method do?
what is .promised?

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About LUBM generator

When I make the data by LUBM generator, there are options however there is option called "-onto".
I got all the meaning of the options except that -onto options. I want to know about this option in details.
And secondly how can I test the queries in the LUBM ?
Even if I read the tutorials, however I had no idea of the method of it.
If I can get the specific way, I'm glad.
Thanks.

Can I adapt from XMLEventWriter to XMLStreamWriter?

In order to support a StAXResult as input, I'd like to be able to adapt from XMLEventWriter to XMLStreamWriter. Its possible to go in the other direction via XMLOutputFactory2.createXMLEventWriter(XMLStreamWriter).
There's a similar asymmetry for readers as XMLInputFactory only has a method to adapt from XMLStreamReader to XMLEventReader.
Is there a way to do this?
NB: My code currently uses an XMLStreamWriter internally so it would be trivial to support an XMLStreamWriter. To support XMLEventWriter I either need to adapt the writer or change all the internal code to use XMLEventWriter (given that I can adapt from XMLStreamWriter to XMLEventWriter).
To answer my own question, you can use XMLEventStreamWriter from stax-utils.

What's the difference between domain.errors.hasErrors() and just domain.hasErrors()?

Can someone please explain why sometimes grails developers use foo.errors.hasErrors() and other times they use just foo.hasErrors()? Are they synonymous or is one correct while the other is not?
Both are synonymous. See GormValidationApi.groovy. Domain.hasErrors delegates to underlying Errors object.

What is a "NullReferenceError" in ASP.NET MVC?

I keep getting "NullReferenceError" in my output, could someone kindly explain what exactly this statement means.
Somewhere in your code, you are trying to access a member of a reference type, but the variable actually is null. Without code and a stacktrace it's impossible to say what exactly happens. It might be because some parameter is expecting a value but isn't supplied one.
If it helps, a decent description of NullReferenceException -- why/when they occur, and how to prevent them -- at http://www.dotnetperls.com/nullreferenceexception

What/Where is the value of E_CLR_ALREADY_STARTED?

The docs for ICLRRuntimeHost::SetHostControl claim that it can return E_CLR_ALREADY_STARTED. I have been unable to find a definition for this value. Ideally, I'd like to know what the appropriate header to include is (it does not appear to be in corerror.h) but if someone can provide me with the canonical value too I can live with that.
Thanks
I can't seem to find it either and I'm usually pretty good at finding missing or misspelled constants. You could try calling the method after initializing the CLR and if it does in fact return the HRESULT that it's documented to return, you could just trace it. But it definitely seems like a documentation bug.

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