I'd like to have a worker task update a SwiftUI view.
The worker task is busy doing the procedural work of the application - playing sounds, and firing timer-based events. I'd like to to flash several icons in a SwiftUI view during those timer events. So I want to trigger a view refresh in those icon views.
So, I created an environmentObject called Settings. It's instantiated in the App Delegate, and attached to the root view in the SceneDelegate.
The Settings object works just fine inside the SwiftUI View hierarchy.
The problem is the dreaded:
Fatal error: No ObservableObject of type Settings found. A View.environmentObject(_:) for Settings may be missing as an ancestor of this view.
I think that the problem is that the worker class is instantiated in the AppDelegate, and Settings is not yet an ObservableObject yet when it's instantiated. But I'm confused.
The environment object is straightforward:
import SwiftUI
import Combine
final class Settings: ObservableObject {
#Published var showMenu: Bool = true
#Published var lessonNum: Int = 0
#Published var arrowsOn: Bool = false {
willSet {
willChange.send(self)
}
}
}
let willChange = PassthroughSubject<Settings, Never>()
It's instantiated, along with the worker class, in the AppDelegate:
let settings = Settings()
...
var workerClass = WorkerClass()
var leftArrow = LeftArrowView()
And it's passed to the SceneDelegate:
window.rootViewController = UIHostingController(rootView: contentView
.environmentObject(settings)
The sub view that uses settings looks at the environment object to draw the icon in either the on or off state:
import SwiftUI
struct LeftArrowView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var settings: Settings
let leftArrowOnImage = Image("Arrow Left On").renderingMode(.original)
let leftArrowOffImage = Image("Arrow Left Off").renderingMode(.original)
var body: some View {
ZStack {
if settings.arrowsOn {
leftArrowOnImage
} else {
leftArrowOffImage
}
}
}
}
The worker class is called as a Button action from higher up in the SwiftUI view hierarchy.
Inside the worker class I attempt to attach to the settings environment object:
import Combine
public class WorkerClass : NSObject, ObservableObject {
#EnvironmentObject var settings: Settings
and inside a method that's invoked via a timer, I attempt to update a variable in the environment object:
settings.arrowsOn = !settings.arrowsOn
print("Arrows are \(settings.arrowsOn)")
... which is when I discover that I failed to actually attach properly to the environment object.
What did I miss?
Thanks in advance for any insights...
The #EnvironmentObject wrapper is only to be used inside SwiftUI view, in other places you can use reference types in regular way, so here is possible solution
public class WorkerClass : NSObject, ObservableObject {
var settings: Settings // reference property
and when create
let settings = Settings()
...
var workerClass = WorkerClass(settings: settings) // << same settings as in view
Related
I'm struggling to replace the root view in a pure SwiftUI app. There is no SceneDelegate or AppDelegate. The entry point of the app was originally as follows.
import SwiftUI
#main
struct SampleApp: App {
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
MainTabView()
}
}
}
I haven't been able to find any resources that don't leverage the old "delegates". The best I could come up with was to bind to an observable object, but for some reason it's not working.
import SwiftUI
#main
struct SampleApp: App {
let myController = MyController.shared
var body: some Scene {
WindowGroup {
if myController.isUserFullscreen {
FullScreenView()
} else {
MainTabView()
}
}
}
}
In order for your code to update, SwiftUI has to know to look for changes. Most commonly, this is done with an #ObservableObject or #StateObject. Right now, you just have a regular property called myController -- SwiftUI won't know to respond to changes.
You didn't give any information about what MyController is, but I can make some assumptions and turn it into an ObservedObject:
class MyController : ObservableObject {
static let shared = MyController()
#Published var isUserFullscreen = false
}
Then, in your view, you can redefine your property as:
#ObservedObject var myController = MyController.shared
Then, your view should know to respond to changes on the #Published property of the #ObservableObject.
Here's some more reading on #ObservableObject : https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/observable-objects-environment-objects-and-published
I'm looking to create an EnvironmentObject that can be accessed by the View Model (not just the view).
The Environment object tracks the application session data, e.g. loggedIn, access token etc, this data will be passed into the view models (or service classes where needed) to allow calling of an API to pass data from this EnvironmentObjects.
I have tried to pass in the session object to the initialiser of the view model class from the view but get an error.
how can I access/pass the EnvironmentObject into the view model using SwiftUI?
You can do it like this:
struct YourView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var settings: UserSettings
#ObservedObject var viewModel = YourViewModel()
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("Hello")
}
.onAppear {
self.viewModel.setup(self.settings)
}
}
}
For the ViewModel:
class YourViewModel: ObservableObject {
var settings: UserSettings?
func setup(_ settings: UserSettings) {
self.settings = settings
}
}
You shouldn't. It's a common misconception that SwiftUI works best with MVVM. MVVM has no place in SwiftUI. You are asking that if you can shove a rectangle to fit a triangle shape. It wouldn't fit.
Let's start with some facts and work step by step:
ViewModel is a model in MVVM.
MVVM does not take value types (e.g.; no such thing in Java) into consideration.
A value type model (model without state) is considered safer than reference type model (model with state) in the sense of immutability.
Now, MVVM requires you to set up a model in such way that whenever it changes, it updates the view in some pre-determined way. This is known as binding.
Without binding, you won't have nice separation of concerns, e.g.; refactoring out model and associated states and keeping them separate from view.
These are the two things most iOS MVVM developers fail:
iOS has no "binding" mechanism in traditional Java sense. Some would just ignore binding, and think calling an object ViewModel automagically solves everything; some would introduce KVO-based Rx, and complicate everything when MVVM is supposed to make things simpler.
Model with state is just too dangerous because MVVM put too much emphasis on ViewModel, too little on state management and general disciplines in managing control; most of the developers end up thinking a model with state that is used to update view is reusable and testable. This is why Swift introduces value type in the first place; a model without state.
Now to your question: you ask if your ViewModel can have access to EnvironmentObject (EO)?
You shouldn't. Because in SwiftUI a model that conforms to View automatically has reference to EO. E.g.;
struct Model: View {
#EnvironmentObject state: State
// automatic binding in body
var body: some View {...}
}
I hope people can appreciate how compact SDK is designed.
In SwiftUI, MVVM is automatic. There's no need for a separate ViewModel object that manually binds to view which requires an EO reference passed to it.
The above code is MVVM. E.g.; a model with binding to view. But because model is value type, so instead of refactoring out model and state as view model, you refactor out control (in protocol extension, for example).
This is official SDK adapting design pattern to language feature, rather than just enforcing it. Substance over form. Look at your solution, you have to use singleton which is basically global. You should know how dangerous it is to access global anywhere without protection of immutability, which you don't have because you have to use reference type model!
TL;DR
You don't do MVVM in java way in SwiftUI. And the Swift-y way to do it is no need to do it, it's already built-in.
Hope more developer see this since this seemed like a popular question.
Below provided approach that works for me. Tested with many solutions started with Xcode 11.1.
The problem originated from the way EnvironmentObject is injected in view, general schema
SomeView().environmentObject(SomeEO())
ie, at first - created view, at second created environment object, at third environment object injected into view
Thus if I need to create/setup view model in view constructor the environment object is not present there yet.
Solution: break everything apart and use explicit dependency injection
Here is how it looks in code (generic schema)
// somewhere, say, in SceneDelegate
let someEO = SomeEO() // create environment object
let someVM = SomeVM(eo: someEO) // create view model
let someView = SomeView(vm: someVM) // create view
.environmentObject(someEO)
There is no any trade-off here, because ViewModel and EnvironmentObject are, by design, reference-types (actually, ObservableObject), so I pass here and there only references (aka pointers).
class SomeEO: ObservableObject {
}
class BaseVM: ObservableObject {
let eo: SomeEO
init(eo: SomeEO) {
self.eo = eo
}
}
class SomeVM: BaseVM {
}
class ChildVM: BaseVM {
}
struct SomeView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var eo: SomeEO
#ObservedObject var vm: SomeVM
init(vm: SomeVM) {
self.vm = vm
}
var body: some View {
// environment object will be injected automatically if declared inside ChildView
ChildView(vm: ChildVM(eo: self.eo))
}
}
struct ChildView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var eo: SomeEO
#ObservedObject var vm: ChildVM
init(vm: ChildVM) {
self.vm = vm
}
var body: some View {
Text("Just demo stub")
}
}
Solution for: iOS 14/15+
Here's how you might interact with an Environment Object from a View Model, without having to inject it on instantiation:
Define the Environment Object:
import Combine
final class MyAuthService: ObservableObject {
#Published private(set) var isSignedIn = false
func signIn() {
isSignedIn = true
}
}
Create a View to own and pass around the Environment Object:
import SwiftUI
struct MyEntryPointView: View {
#StateObject var auth = MyAuthService()
var body: some View {
content
.environmentObject(auth)
}
#ViewBuilder private var content: some View {
if auth.isSignedIn {
Text("Yay, you're all signed in now!")
} else {
MyAuthView()
}
}
}
Define the View Model with methods that take the Environment Object as an argument:
extension MyAuthView {
#MainActor final class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
func signIn(with auth: MyAuthService) {
auth.signIn()
}
}
}
Create a View that owns the View Model, receives the Environment Object, and calls the appropriate method:
struct MyAuthView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var auth: MyAuthService
#StateObject var viewModel = ViewModel()
var body: some View {
Button {
viewModel.signIn(with: auth)
} label: {
Text("Sign In")
}
}
}
Preview it for completeness:
struct MyEntryPointView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
MyEntryPointView()
}
}
I choose to not have a ViewModel. (Maybe time for a new pattern?)
I have setup my project with a RootView and some child views. I setup my RootView with a App object as the EnvironmentObject. Instead of the ViewModel accessing Models, all my views access classes on App. Instead of the ViewModel determining the layout, the view hierarchy determine the layout. From doing this in practice for a few apps, I've found my views are staying small and specific. As an over simplification:
class App: ObservableObject {
#Published var user = User()
let networkManager: NetworkManagerProtocol
lazy var userService = UserService(networkManager: networkManager)
init(networkManager: NetworkManagerProtocol) {
self.networkManager = networkManager
}
convenience init() {
self.init(networkManager: NetworkManager())
}
}
struct RootView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var app: App
var body: some View {
if !app.user.isLoggedIn {
LoginView()
} else {
HomeView()
}
}
}
struct HomeView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var app: App
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("User name: \(app.user.name)")
Button(action: { app.userService.logout() }) {
Text("Logout")
}
}
}
}
In my previews, I initialize a MockApp which is a subclass of App. The MockApp initializes the designated initializers with the Mocked object. Here the UserService doesn't need to be mocked, but the datasource (i.e. NetworkManagerProtocol) does.
struct HomeView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
Group {
HomeView()
.environmentObject(MockApp() as App) // <- This is needed for EnvironmentObject to treat the MockApp as an App Type
}
}
}
The Resolver library does a nice job to get dependency injection for model classes. It provides a property wrapper #Injected which is very similar in spirit to #EnvironmentObject but works everywhere. So in a model, I would inject a ExampleService like this:
class ExampleModel: ObservableObject {
#Injected var service: ExampleService
// ...
}
This can also be used to resolve dependencies for Views:
struct ExampleView: View {
#ObservedObject var exampleModel: ExampleModel = Resolver.resolve()
var body: some View {
// ...
}
}
An alternative for Views is to use #EnvironmentObject in the SwiftUI view hierarchy, but this gets a little bit cumbersome because you'll have two dependency-injection containers, Resolver/#Injected for everything that's app-wide/service-like and SwiftUI/#EnvironmentObject in the view hierarchy for everything that relates to views/for view models.
Simply create a Singleton and use it wherever you want (view / class / struct / ObservableObject ...)
Creating Class should look like this:
class ApplicationSessionData
{
// this is the shared instance / local copy / singleton
static let singleInstance = ApplicationSessionData()
// save shared mambers/vars here
var loggedIn: Bool = false
var access: someAccessClass = someAccessClass()
var token: String = "NO TOKET OBTAINED YET"
...
}
Using Class/Struct/View should look like this:
struct SomeModel {
// obtain the shared instance
var appSessData = ApplicationSessionData.singleInstance
// use shared mambers/vars here
if(appSessData.loggedIn && appSessData.access.hasAccessToThisView) {
appSessData.token = "ABC123RTY..."
...
}
}
You need to be aware of the pitfalls that exist in Singletons, so you won't fall into one.
Read more here: https://matteomanferdini.com/swift-singleton
I found this demo project that shows how to use clean swift with swiftU, so I tried to do something like this on my own. I came up with problem while using Core Data. As clean swift architecture only one source (appState in my case) can pass data to view. So I created injection container, it has interactor and appState.
Container:
struct DIContainer: EnvironmentKey {
#ObservedObject var appState: AppState
let interactors: Interactors
init(appState: AppState, interactors: Interactors) {
self.appState = appState
self.interactors = interactors
}
class AppState: ObservableObject, Equatable {
var userData = UserData()
}
extension AppState {
class UserData: ObservableObject, Equatable {
#Published var places:[Place] = []
}
And I inject enviroment like this:
#Environment(\.injected) private var injected: DIContainer
And finally view that uses it:
var body: some View {
NavigationView {
ZStack {
List {
ForEach(injected.$appState.userData.places.wrappedValue){ place in
PlaceRow(place: place)
}
....
Problem is that even array is loade, view doesnt react to that. It refreshes only when i navigate to other view. Also, when I delete or add new elements to array, view has no changes.
If you can give me some ideas it would be nice.
I googled for 4 days, everything I find is not working for me.
If you're injecting the DIContainer into your View like this:
#Environment(\.injected) private var injected: DIContainer
remember that your View will not refresh when the DIContainer properties will change. You have to manually observe them.
You can try one of these solutions:
1) Subscribe to the AppState properties' changes in .onReceive:
#Environment(\.injected) private var injected: DIContainer
var body: some View {
NavigationView { ... }
.onReceive(injected.appState.userData.$places) { places in
// do something with places,
// eg. assign to a #State variable to be used in a `ForEach` loop...
}
}
2) Inject the UserData directly as an #EnvironmentObject:
#EnvironmentObject var userData: UserData
ContentView().environmentObject(container.appState.userData)
As the UserData is an ObservableObject it will change whenever any of its #Published properties (eg. places) is modified.
3) Subscribe to the AppState/UserData in the ViewModel and observe the only the ViewModel in your View.
The more detailed explanation can be found in this version of the same demo project you linked in your question.
I'm looking to create an EnvironmentObject that can be accessed by the View Model (not just the view).
The Environment object tracks the application session data, e.g. loggedIn, access token etc, this data will be passed into the view models (or service classes where needed) to allow calling of an API to pass data from this EnvironmentObjects.
I have tried to pass in the session object to the initialiser of the view model class from the view but get an error.
how can I access/pass the EnvironmentObject into the view model using SwiftUI?
You can do it like this:
struct YourView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var settings: UserSettings
#ObservedObject var viewModel = YourViewModel()
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("Hello")
}
.onAppear {
self.viewModel.setup(self.settings)
}
}
}
For the ViewModel:
class YourViewModel: ObservableObject {
var settings: UserSettings?
func setup(_ settings: UserSettings) {
self.settings = settings
}
}
You shouldn't. It's a common misconception that SwiftUI works best with MVVM. MVVM has no place in SwiftUI. You are asking that if you can shove a rectangle to fit a triangle shape. It wouldn't fit.
Let's start with some facts and work step by step:
ViewModel is a model in MVVM.
MVVM does not take value types (e.g.; no such thing in Java) into consideration.
A value type model (model without state) is considered safer than reference type model (model with state) in the sense of immutability.
Now, MVVM requires you to set up a model in such way that whenever it changes, it updates the view in some pre-determined way. This is known as binding.
Without binding, you won't have nice separation of concerns, e.g.; refactoring out model and associated states and keeping them separate from view.
These are the two things most iOS MVVM developers fail:
iOS has no "binding" mechanism in traditional Java sense. Some would just ignore binding, and think calling an object ViewModel automagically solves everything; some would introduce KVO-based Rx, and complicate everything when MVVM is supposed to make things simpler.
Model with state is just too dangerous because MVVM put too much emphasis on ViewModel, too little on state management and general disciplines in managing control; most of the developers end up thinking a model with state that is used to update view is reusable and testable. This is why Swift introduces value type in the first place; a model without state.
Now to your question: you ask if your ViewModel can have access to EnvironmentObject (EO)?
You shouldn't. Because in SwiftUI a model that conforms to View automatically has reference to EO. E.g.;
struct Model: View {
#EnvironmentObject state: State
// automatic binding in body
var body: some View {...}
}
I hope people can appreciate how compact SDK is designed.
In SwiftUI, MVVM is automatic. There's no need for a separate ViewModel object that manually binds to view which requires an EO reference passed to it.
The above code is MVVM. E.g.; a model with binding to view. But because model is value type, so instead of refactoring out model and state as view model, you refactor out control (in protocol extension, for example).
This is official SDK adapting design pattern to language feature, rather than just enforcing it. Substance over form. Look at your solution, you have to use singleton which is basically global. You should know how dangerous it is to access global anywhere without protection of immutability, which you don't have because you have to use reference type model!
TL;DR
You don't do MVVM in java way in SwiftUI. And the Swift-y way to do it is no need to do it, it's already built-in.
Hope more developer see this since this seemed like a popular question.
Below provided approach that works for me. Tested with many solutions started with Xcode 11.1.
The problem originated from the way EnvironmentObject is injected in view, general schema
SomeView().environmentObject(SomeEO())
ie, at first - created view, at second created environment object, at third environment object injected into view
Thus if I need to create/setup view model in view constructor the environment object is not present there yet.
Solution: break everything apart and use explicit dependency injection
Here is how it looks in code (generic schema)
// somewhere, say, in SceneDelegate
let someEO = SomeEO() // create environment object
let someVM = SomeVM(eo: someEO) // create view model
let someView = SomeView(vm: someVM) // create view
.environmentObject(someEO)
There is no any trade-off here, because ViewModel and EnvironmentObject are, by design, reference-types (actually, ObservableObject), so I pass here and there only references (aka pointers).
class SomeEO: ObservableObject {
}
class BaseVM: ObservableObject {
let eo: SomeEO
init(eo: SomeEO) {
self.eo = eo
}
}
class SomeVM: BaseVM {
}
class ChildVM: BaseVM {
}
struct SomeView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var eo: SomeEO
#ObservedObject var vm: SomeVM
init(vm: SomeVM) {
self.vm = vm
}
var body: some View {
// environment object will be injected automatically if declared inside ChildView
ChildView(vm: ChildVM(eo: self.eo))
}
}
struct ChildView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var eo: SomeEO
#ObservedObject var vm: ChildVM
init(vm: ChildVM) {
self.vm = vm
}
var body: some View {
Text("Just demo stub")
}
}
Solution for: iOS 14/15+
Here's how you might interact with an Environment Object from a View Model, without having to inject it on instantiation:
Define the Environment Object:
import Combine
final class MyAuthService: ObservableObject {
#Published private(set) var isSignedIn = false
func signIn() {
isSignedIn = true
}
}
Create a View to own and pass around the Environment Object:
import SwiftUI
struct MyEntryPointView: View {
#StateObject var auth = MyAuthService()
var body: some View {
content
.environmentObject(auth)
}
#ViewBuilder private var content: some View {
if auth.isSignedIn {
Text("Yay, you're all signed in now!")
} else {
MyAuthView()
}
}
}
Define the View Model with methods that take the Environment Object as an argument:
extension MyAuthView {
#MainActor final class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
func signIn(with auth: MyAuthService) {
auth.signIn()
}
}
}
Create a View that owns the View Model, receives the Environment Object, and calls the appropriate method:
struct MyAuthView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var auth: MyAuthService
#StateObject var viewModel = ViewModel()
var body: some View {
Button {
viewModel.signIn(with: auth)
} label: {
Text("Sign In")
}
}
}
Preview it for completeness:
struct MyEntryPointView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
MyEntryPointView()
}
}
I choose to not have a ViewModel. (Maybe time for a new pattern?)
I have setup my project with a RootView and some child views. I setup my RootView with a App object as the EnvironmentObject. Instead of the ViewModel accessing Models, all my views access classes on App. Instead of the ViewModel determining the layout, the view hierarchy determine the layout. From doing this in practice for a few apps, I've found my views are staying small and specific. As an over simplification:
class App: ObservableObject {
#Published var user = User()
let networkManager: NetworkManagerProtocol
lazy var userService = UserService(networkManager: networkManager)
init(networkManager: NetworkManagerProtocol) {
self.networkManager = networkManager
}
convenience init() {
self.init(networkManager: NetworkManager())
}
}
struct RootView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var app: App
var body: some View {
if !app.user.isLoggedIn {
LoginView()
} else {
HomeView()
}
}
}
struct HomeView: View {
#EnvironmentObject var app: App
var body: some View {
VStack {
Text("User name: \(app.user.name)")
Button(action: { app.userService.logout() }) {
Text("Logout")
}
}
}
}
In my previews, I initialize a MockApp which is a subclass of App. The MockApp initializes the designated initializers with the Mocked object. Here the UserService doesn't need to be mocked, but the datasource (i.e. NetworkManagerProtocol) does.
struct HomeView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
Group {
HomeView()
.environmentObject(MockApp() as App) // <- This is needed for EnvironmentObject to treat the MockApp as an App Type
}
}
}
The Resolver library does a nice job to get dependency injection for model classes. It provides a property wrapper #Injected which is very similar in spirit to #EnvironmentObject but works everywhere. So in a model, I would inject a ExampleService like this:
class ExampleModel: ObservableObject {
#Injected var service: ExampleService
// ...
}
This can also be used to resolve dependencies for Views:
struct ExampleView: View {
#ObservedObject var exampleModel: ExampleModel = Resolver.resolve()
var body: some View {
// ...
}
}
An alternative for Views is to use #EnvironmentObject in the SwiftUI view hierarchy, but this gets a little bit cumbersome because you'll have two dependency-injection containers, Resolver/#Injected for everything that's app-wide/service-like and SwiftUI/#EnvironmentObject in the view hierarchy for everything that relates to views/for view models.
Simply create a Singleton and use it wherever you want (view / class / struct / ObservableObject ...)
Creating Class should look like this:
class ApplicationSessionData
{
// this is the shared instance / local copy / singleton
static let singleInstance = ApplicationSessionData()
// save shared mambers/vars here
var loggedIn: Bool = false
var access: someAccessClass = someAccessClass()
var token: String = "NO TOKET OBTAINED YET"
...
}
Using Class/Struct/View should look like this:
struct SomeModel {
// obtain the shared instance
var appSessData = ApplicationSessionData.singleInstance
// use shared mambers/vars here
if(appSessData.loggedIn && appSessData.access.hasAccessToThisView) {
appSessData.token = "ABC123RTY..."
...
}
}
You need to be aware of the pitfalls that exist in Singletons, so you won't fall into one.
Read more here: https://matteomanferdini.com/swift-singleton
I have two views - a MasterView and DetailView. When opening the DetailView, I initialise a new class that tracks data about the view (in the real implementation, the detail view involves a game).
However, when I press the back button from the DetailView to return to the MasterView, and then press the button to return to the DetailView, my class is unchanged. However, I would like to re-initialise a new copy of this class (in my case to re-start the game) whenever I move from the MasterView to the DetailView.
I have condensed the problem to this code:
import SwiftUI
import Combine
class Model: ObservableObject {
#Published var mytext: String = "mytext"
}
struct MasterView: View {
var body: some View {
NavigationView {
NavigationLink(destination: DetailView(model: Model())) {
Text("press me")
}
}
}
}
struct DetailView: View {
#ObservedObject var model: Model = Model()
var body: some View {
TextField("Enter here", text: $model.mytext)
}
}
struct MasterView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
MasterView()
}
}
I would like to create a new instance of Model every time I click the NavigationLink to the detail view, but it seems like it always refers back to the same original instance - I can see this by typing a change into the text field of the DetailView, which persists if I go back and forward again.
Is there any way of doing this?
Based on your comments - and correct me where wrong - here's how I'd set things up.
Your needs are:
A "base" class. Call it MasterView, "settings", "view state", whatever. This is where everything starts.
A "current game".... well, it could be a struct, a class, even properties in an ObservableObject.
I think that's about it. Hierarchically, your model could be:
ViewState
...Player
......Properties, including ID and history
...Current Game
...... Properties, including difficulty
Please note, I've changed some names and am being very vague on properties. The point is, you can encapsulate all of this in an ObservableObject, create an `EnvironmentObject of it, and have all your SwiftUI views "react" to changes in it.
Leaving out views, hopefully you can see where this "model" can contain just about all the Swift code you wish to do everything - now all you need is to tie in your views.
(1) Create your ObservableObject. It needs to (a) be a class object and (b) conform to the ObservableObject protocol. Here's a simple one:
class ViewState : ObservableObject {
var objectWillChange = PassthroughSubject<Void, Never>()
#Published var playerID = "" {
willSet {
objectWillChange.send()
}
}
}
You can create more structs/classes and instantiate them as needed in your model.
(2) Instantiate ViewState once min your environment. In SceneDelegate:
func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
if let windowScene = scene as? UIWindowScene {
let window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
window.rootViewController = UIHostingController(rootView: ContentView()
.environmentObject(ViewState())
)
self.window = window
window.makeKeyAndVisible()
}
}
Note that there's a single line added here and that ViewState is instantiated a single time.
(3) Finally, in any SwiftUI view that needs to know your view state, bind it by adding one line of code:
#EnvironmentObject var model: ViewState
If you want, you can do virtually anything in your model (ViewState) from instantiating a new game, flag something to result in a modal popup, add a player to an array, whatever.
The main thing I hope I'm explaining is there's no need to instantiate a second view state - rather instantiate a second game instance inside your single view state.
Again, if I'm way off from your needs, let me know - I'll gladly delete my answer. Good luck!