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I have a list of 4 verts loaded into a vert buffer, and an index loaded into a index buffer.
The issue I have is that while the LineList rendermode shows a quad just fine (see below) the TriangleList shows nothing (See below)
void BLX::Model::load(std::filesystem::path path, Model* model, ID3D11Device* d3dDevice, ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext)
{
// tmp: just making a quad
float num = 0.5f;
std::vector<BLX::Vertex> vertices = {
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(-num, -num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f), }, // 0 = TL
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(num, -num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f), }, // 1 = TR
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(num, num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f), }, // 2 = BR
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(-num, num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f), }, // 3 = BL
};
// line list
//std::vector<unsigned int> indices = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0 };
// triangle list
std::vector<unsigned int> indices = { 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2 };
model->vertexCount = vertices.size();
model->indexCount = indices.size();
// Vertex Buffer
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vbd = {};
vbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0u;
vbd.MiscFlags = 0u;
vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(BLX::Vertex) * model->vertexCount;
vbd.StructureByteStride = sizeof(BLX::Vertex);
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vsd = {};
vsd.pSysMem = &vertices[0];
vsd.SysMemPitch = 0;
vsd.SysMemSlicePitch = 0;
d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vsd, &model->vertexBuffer);
/// Index Buffer
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC ibd = {};
ibd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(unsigned int) * model->indexCount;
ibd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
ibd.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA isd = {};
isd.pSysMem = &indices[0];
isd.SysMemPitch = 0;
isd.SysMemSlicePitch = 0;
d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &isd, &model->indexBuffer);
// IA = Input Assembly
// pixel shader
D3DReadFileToBlob(L"PixelShader2.cso", &model->pBlob);
d3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(model->pBlob->GetBufferPointer(), model->pBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &model->pPixelShader);
// Vertex Shader
D3DReadFileToBlob(L"VertexShader2.cso", &model->pBlob);
d3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(model->pBlob->GetBufferPointer(), model->pBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &model->pVertexShader);
const D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC ied[] =
{
// "Position" correcponds to Vertex Shader Semantic Name
// semantic index
// data type format
// Input slot
// Aligned byte offset
// Input slot class
// Instance data step rate
{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
// needs vertex shader blob
d3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(ied, ARRAYSIZE(ied), model->pBlob->GetBufferPointer(), model->pBlob->GetBufferSize(), &model->pInputLayout);
}
void BLX::Model::render(ID3D11Device* d3dDevice, ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext, D3D11_VIEWPORT * vp)
{
const UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
const UINT offset[] = { 0u, 0u };
d3dContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0u, 1u, vertexBuffer.GetAddressOf(), &stride, &offset[0]);
d3dContext->IASetIndexBuffer(*indexBuffer.GetAddressOf(), DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, offset[1]);
d3dContext->PSSetShader(pPixelShader.Get(), nullptr, 0u);
d3dContext->VSSetShader(pVertexShader.Get(), nullptr, 0u);
d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(pInputLayout.Get());
d3dContext->RSSetViewports(1u, vp);
//d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY::D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINELIST);
d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY::D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
d3dContext->DrawIndexed(indexCount, 0, 0);
}
When using the LineList index and topology:
When using the TriangleList index and topology:
But when I was doing this:
// tmp: just making a quad
float num = 0.5f;
std::vector<BLX::Vertex> vertices = {
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.0f, num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f), },
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(num, -num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f), },
BLX::Vertex { DirectX::XMFLOAT3(-num, -num, 0.0f), DirectX::XMFLOAT3(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f), },
};
// triangle list
std::vector<unsigned int> indices = { 0, 1, 2 };
(everything else the exact same) I got this:
Just really curious what I'm not seeing or getting when trying to render two triangles to make up a quad
Your rectangle has indices organized in a clockwise manner, which are culled by the default rasterizer (since you do not specify one it culls clockwise primitives)
Your triangle vertices order was counter clockwise, so the primitive was not culled.
To solve it, two solutions:
Change your indices order :
std::vector<unsigned int> indices = { 0, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1 };
Disable culling in the rasterizer state :
First create one Rasterizer Description
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC raster_desc;
raster_desc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
raster_desc.CullMode= D3D11_CULL_NONE;
raster_desc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;
raster_desc.DepthBias = 0;
raster_desc.DepthBiasClamp= 0.0f;
raster_desc.SlopeScaledDepthBias= 0.0f;
raster_desc.DepthClipEnable= true;
raster_desc.ScissorEnable= false;
raster_desc.MultisampleEnable= false;
raster_desc.AntialiasedLineEnable= false;
Then create a rasterizer state using your device:
ID3D11RasterizerState* raster_state;
HRESULT hr =d3dDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&raster_desc, &raster_state);
Before the draw, assign your rasterizer state to your context:
d3dContext->RSSetState(raster_state);
Your two meshes, triangle and quad, have opposite triangle winding order. Here’s how.
By default, D3D11 uses CullMode=Back and FrontCounterClockwise=FALSE.
This means it only renders front faces, and front face is defined as “when the vertices are counter-clockwise”.
As you see from the above illustration, your triangle indeed has counter-clockwise order, however both triangles of your quad are clockwise, GPU considers them as back faces and skips both.
You have many ways to fix, any of the following will do.
Reorder vertices in vertex buffer.
Flip triangles in index buffer to { 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2 }
Change rasterizer state to disable back face culling, CullMode=D3D11_CULL_NONE
Change rasterizer state to switch front face winding direction, FrontCounterClockwise=TRUE
Change matrix passed to vertex shader to include mirroring component, e.g. scale with vector [ -1, 1, 1 ] represents a mirror transform that flips X, this will flip winding order of the whole mesh.
I started from an example WebGL program that shows a single cube on the page. The example code does not use classes.
I want to be able to draw multiple cubes that can move independently. So I added a "Cube" class. Each instance of this class uses its own "program". I create two objects, but I draw only the first one. Unfortunately the later instantiated object is shown instead. E.g. in the code below "ground" is shown instead of "cube1".
Relevant parts of the code is below. Can you see any problem with it? How can I fix it?
...
////
class Cube {
constructor(gl, color) {
this.gl = gl;
this.program = initShaders(gl, "vertex-shader", "fragment-shader");
//// Model buffers and attributes
[this.pointsArray, this.colorsArray] = cubePointsAndColors(color);
this.numVertices = 36;
this.initAttributeBuffers();
//// Camera Related Uniforms Matrices
this.modelViewMatrixLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(
this.program,
"modelViewMatrix"
);
this.projectionMatrixLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(
this.program,
"projectionMatrix"
);
}
draw() {
this.gl.drawArrays(this.gl.TRIANGLES, 0, this.numVertices);
}
initAttributeBuffers() {
// arrange cube color data stuff
var cBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, cBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.colorsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
var vColor = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vColor");
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(vColor, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(vColor);
// arrange cube vertex data stuff
var vBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.pointsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
var vPosition = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vPosition");
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(vPosition, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(vPosition);
}
}
window.onload = function init() {
//// initialize WebGl System
const canvas = document.getElementById("gl-canvas");
const gl = WebGLUtils.setupWebGL(canvas);
if (!gl) {
alert("WebGL isn't available");
}
gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
aspect = canvas.width / canvas.height;
gl.clearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
//// Initialize game objects
var cube1 = new Cube(gl, vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
var ground = new Cube(gl, vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0));
let gameObjects = [cube1];
// sliders for viewing parameters
readGUI();
render(gl, gameObjects);
};
////
var render = function(gl, gameObjects) {
//// clear the background
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//// camera settings
eye = vec3(
radius * Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi),
radius * Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(phi),
radius * Math.cos(theta)
);
modelViewMatrix = lookAt(eye, at, up);
projectionMatrix = perspective(fovy, aspect, near, far);
//// draw all objects
for (let objectI = 0; objectI < gameObjects.length; objectI++) {
const gameObject = gameObjects[objectI];
gl.useProgram(gameObject.program);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(
gameObject.modelViewMatrixLoc,
false,
flatten(modelViewMatrix)
);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(
gameObject.projectionMatrixLoc,
false,
flatten(projectionMatrix)
);
gameObject.draw();
}
requestAnimFrame(() => render(gl, gameObjects));
};
...
In WebGL 1.0 drawArrays, uses the vertices which are currently specified by vertexAttribPointer and enabled by enableVertexAttribArray.
Use properties to store the buffer objects (this.cBuffer, this.vBuffer) and attribute indices (this.vColor, this.vPosition):
initAttributeBuffers() {
// arrange cube color data stuff
this.cBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.cBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.colorsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
this.vColor = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vColor");
// arrange cube vertex data stuff
this.vBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.vBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.pointsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
this.vPosition = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vPosition");
}
Specify and enable the arrays of generic vertex attribute data right before the draw call:
draw() {
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.cBuffer);
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(this.vColor, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(this.vColor);
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.vBuffer);
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(this.vPosition, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(this.vPosition);
this.gl.drawArrays(this.gl.TRIANGLES, 0, this.numVertices);
}
In WebGL 2.0 (or by the use of the extension OES_vertex_array_object), that can be simplified by the use of WebGLVertexArrayObjects.
The vertex specification is stated in the vertex array object:
initAttributeBuffers() {
// create vertex array object
this.vao = this.gl.createVertexArray();
this.gl.bindVertexArray(this.vao);
// arrange cube color data stuff
var cBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, cBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.colorsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
var vColor = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vColor");
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(vColor, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(vColor);
// arrange cube vertex data stuff
var vBuffer = this.gl.createBuffer();
this.gl.bindBuffer(this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vBuffer);
this.gl.bufferData(
this.gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
flatten(this.pointsArray),
this.gl.STATIC_DRAW
);
var vPosition = this.gl.getAttribLocation(this.program, "vPosition");
this.gl.vertexAttribPointer(vPosition, 4, this.gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
this.gl.enableVertexAttribArray(vPosition);
}
It is sufficient to bind the vertex array before the draw call:
draw() {
this.gl.bindVertexArray(this.vao);
this.gl.drawArrays(this.gl.TRIANGLES, 0, this.numVertices);
}
In my code, i am making 2 rectangles,
Rectangle1: Rendering On a Texture.
Rectangle2: Rendering On Back Buffer.
I am trying to do programmable blending,so need to access the destination pixel in pixel shader.
In my code,
I am creating a texture like below:
d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&textureDesc, NULL, &renderTargetTextureMap);
After this i am creating Render Target view of the texture.
d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(renderTargetTextureMap, &renderTargetViewDesc, &renderTargetViewMap);
After this i am declaring vertex and pixel shader.
Then in my draw call,
i am performing following thing:
float bgColor[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f };
d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetViewMap, bgColor);
float bgColor2[4] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
////////////////////////////////////////////////Buffer 1///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Set the vertex buffer
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Buffer 2//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
////Draw the triangle
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
I assume that since i have set my render target view as renderTargetViewMap, so my draw call will render to texture only.
Now i am rendering to my backbuffer:
////////////////////////////////////////////
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, NULL);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &shaderResourceViewMap);
//d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor2);
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer2, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer2, &stride, &offset);
////Draw the triangle
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
//Present the backbuffer to the screen
SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
So, in this way my rendering is happening.
Issue Face:
In my pixel shader,
VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
{
VS_OUTPUT output;
output.Pos = inPos;
output.Color = inColor;
return output;
}
float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
{
float2 temp;
temp = input.Pos;
float4 diffuse = ObjTexture.Sample(ObjSamplerState,0.5+0.5*temp);
return input.Color + diffuse;
}
Here the diffuse is comming out to be equal to my bgcolor which i have set when rendering to texture
float bgColor[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f };
d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetViewMap, bgColor);
I have also drawn a rectangle on it, but those pixels i am not able to access.
How can i access the pixel of rectangle that i have drawn on rendering to texture.
This is Issue Image
Desired Result
Shader File: Effect.fx
struct VS_OUTPUT
{
float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 Color : COLOR;
};
Texture2D ObjTexture;
SamplerState ObjSamplerState;
VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
{
VS_OUTPUT output;
output.Pos = inPos;
output.Color = inColor;
return output;
}
float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
{
float2 temp;
temp = input.Pos;
float4 diffuse = ObjTexture.Sample(ObjSamplerState,0.5+0.5*temp);
return input.Color + diffuse;
}
Edit - 1:
With my latest change in code, i am able to blend my rectangle 2 with rectangle 1, but one issue i am facing is that when i blend then major part of my rectangle 2 is changes to yellow (red + green) on edges only i am able to see the actual green color.
Modified code:
main.cpp
//Include and link appropriate libraries and headers//
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx11.h>
#include <d3dx10.h>
#include <xnamath.h>
//Global Declarations - Interfaces//
IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain;
ID3D11Device* d3d11Device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView;
ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer* triangleVertBuffer2;
ID3D11VertexShader* VS;
ID3D11PixelShader* PS;
ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer;
ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer;
ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout;
XMMATRIX mapView;
XMMATRIX mapProjection;
XMVECTOR DefaultForward = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
//Global Declarations - Others//
LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow";
HWND hwnd = NULL;
HRESULT hr;
const int Width = 800;
const int Height = 600;
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
//Describe our Buffer
DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
bufferDesc.Width = Width;
bufferDesc.Height = Height;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//Describe our SwapChain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
//Create our SwapChain
hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
//Create our BackBuffer
ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&BackBuffer);
//Create our Render Target
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView);
BackBuffer->Release();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////EXPERIMENT AREA//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ZeroMemory(&textureDesc, sizeof(textureDesc));
// Setup the texture description.
// We will have our map be a square
// We will need to have this texture bound as a render target AND a shader resource
textureDesc.Width = Width/ 3.9729999999999999999999999999999;
textureDesc.Height = Height/3.9729999999999999999999999999999;
textureDesc.MipLevels = 1;
textureDesc.ArraySize = 1;
textureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
textureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
textureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
textureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE;
textureDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
textureDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&textureDesc, NULL, &renderTargetTextureMap);
// Setup the description of the render target view.
renderTargetViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
renderTargetViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
renderTargetViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
// Create the render target view.
d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(renderTargetTextureMap, &renderTargetViewDesc, &renderTargetViewMap);
/////////////////////// Map's Shader Resource View
// Setup the description of the shader resource view.
shaderResourceViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
shaderResourceViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
// Create the shader resource view.
d3d11Device->CreateShaderResourceView(renderTargetTextureMap, &shaderResourceViewDesc, &shaderResourceViewMap);
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetViewMap, NULL);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &shaderResourceViewMap);
return true;
}
void CleanUp()
{
//Release the COM Objects we created
SwapChain->Release();
d3d11Device->Release();
d3d11DevCon->Release();
renderTargetView->Release();
triangleVertBuffer->Release();
VS->Release();
PS->Release();
VS_Buffer->Release();
PS_Buffer->Release();
vertLayout->Release();
}
bool InitScene()
{
//Compile Shaders from shader file
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effect.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effect.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);
//Create the Shader Objects
hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);
//Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders
d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);
//Create the Input Layout
hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(),
VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout);
//Set the Input Layout
d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout);
//Set Primitive Topology
d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
//Create the Viewport
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.Width = 800;
viewport.Height = 600;
//Set the Viewport
d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
////////////////***********************First Texture Vertex Buffer *******************************/////////////////////////////
//Create the vertex buffer
Vertex v[] =
{
Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
};
DWORD indices[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 3,
1, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &d2dIndexBuffer);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Second Vertex.
Vertex v2[] = {
// positions // colors // texture coords
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // top right
Vertex(1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // bottom right
Vertex(0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // bottom left
Vertex(0.0f, 1.0, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,1.0f) // top left
};
DWORD indices2[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc2;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc2, sizeof(indexBufferDesc2));
indexBufferDesc2.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc2.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc2.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc2.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc2.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData2;
iinitData2.pSysMem = indices2;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc2, &iinitData2, &d2dIndexBuffer2);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc2;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc2, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc2));
vertexBufferDesc2.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc2.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc2.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc2.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc2.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData2;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData2, sizeof(vertexBufferData2));
vertexBufferData2.pSysMem = v2;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc2, &vertexBufferData2, &triangleVertBuffer2);
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
return true;
}
Shader File:
struct VS_OUTPUT
{
float4 Pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 Color : COLOR;
};
Texture2D ObjTexture;
SamplerState ObjSamplerState;
VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float4 inColor : COLOR)
{
VS_OUTPUT output;
output.Pos = inPos;
output.Color = inColor;
return output;
}
float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET
{
float2 temp;
temp = input.Pos;
float4 diffuse = ObjTexture.Sample(ObjSamplerState,0.5*temp);
return input.Color + diffuse ;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
msg,
wParam,
lParam);
}
Edit 3:
My vertex Structure:
struct Vertex //Overloaded Vertex Structure
{
Vertex() {}
Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
: pos(x, y, z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca) {}
XMFLOAT3 pos;
XMFLOAT4 color;
};
Input description:
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
{
{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
I think so issue is when i pass my texture and read it in diffuse in pixel shader, then mapping of my texture on back buffer is not same and hence i am only finding red color from 2nd scan line and hence resultant zero is produced..?
Edit 3:
My initialization code:
struct Vertex //Overloaded Vertex Structure
{
Vertex() {}
Vertex(float x, float y, float z,
float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
: pos(x, y, z), color(cr, cg, cb, ca) {}
XMFLOAT3 pos;
XMFLOAT4 color;
};
ID3D11Texture2D* renderTargetTextureMap;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetViewMap;
ID3D11ShaderResourceView* shaderResourceViewMap;
ID3D11SamplerState* CubesTexSamplerState;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dIndexBuffer;
ID3D11Buffer *d2dIndexBuffer2;
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC textureDesc;
D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC renderTargetViewDesc;
D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC shaderResourceViewDesc;
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
{
{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);
bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
//Describe our Buffer
DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
bufferDesc.Width = Width;
bufferDesc.Height = Height;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//Describe our SwapChain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
//Create our SwapChain
hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon);
//Create our BackBuffer
ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer;
hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&BackBuffer);
//Create our Render Target
hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView);
BackBuffer->Release();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////EXPERIMENT AREA//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ZeroMemory(&textureDesc, sizeof(textureDesc));
// Setup the texture description.
// We will have our map be a square
// We will need to have this texture bound as a render target AND a shader resource
textureDesc.Width = Width/2;
textureDesc.Height = Height/2;
textureDesc.MipLevels = 1;
textureDesc.ArraySize = 1;
textureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
textureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
textureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
textureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET | D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE;
textureDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
textureDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&textureDesc, NULL, &renderTargetTextureMap);
// Setup the description of the render target view.
renderTargetViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
renderTargetViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
renderTargetViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
// Create the render target view.
d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView(renderTargetTextureMap, &renderTargetViewDesc, &renderTargetView);
/////////////////////// Map's Shader Resource View
// Setup the description of the shader resource view.
shaderResourceViewDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
shaderResourceViewDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
shaderResourceViewDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
// Create the shader resource view.
d3d11Device->CreateShaderResourceView(renderTargetTextureMap, &shaderResourceViewDesc, &shaderResourceViewMap);
//d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetViewMap, NULL);
//d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &shaderResourceViewMap);
return true;
}
void CleanUp()
{
//Release the COM Objects we created
SwapChain->Release();
d3d11Device->Release();
d3d11DevCon->Release();
renderTargetView->Release();
triangleVertBuffer->Release();
VS->Release();
PS->Release();
VS_Buffer->Release();
PS_Buffer->Release();
vertLayout->Release();
}
bool InitScene()
{
//Compile Shaders from shader file
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effect.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0);
hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effect.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0);
//Create the Shader Objects
hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS);
hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS);
//Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders
d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0);
//Create the Input Layout
hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(),
VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout);
//Set the Input Layout
d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout);
//Set Primitive Topology
d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
//Create the Viewport
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.Width = 800;
viewport.Height = 600;
//Set the Viewport
d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
////////////////***********************First Texture Vertex Buffer *******************************/////////////////////////////
//Create the vertex buffer
Vertex v[] =
{
Vertex(-0.35f, -0.35f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(-0.35f, 0.35f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(0.35f, 0.35f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f),
Vertex(0.35f, -0.35f, 0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
};
DWORD indices[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 3,
1, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc));
indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData;
iinitData.pSysMem = indices;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &d2dIndexBuffer);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc));
vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Second Vertex.
Vertex v2[] = {
// positions // colors // texture coords
Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // top right
Vertex(1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // bottom right
Vertex(0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f), // bottom left
Vertex(0.0f, 1.0, 0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,1.0f) // top left
};
DWORD indices2[] = {
// Front Face
0, 1, 2,
0, 2, 3,
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc2;
ZeroMemory(&indexBufferDesc2, sizeof(indexBufferDesc2));
indexBufferDesc2.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
indexBufferDesc2.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3;
indexBufferDesc2.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
indexBufferDesc2.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
indexBufferDesc2.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData2;
iinitData2.pSysMem = indices2;
d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc2, &iinitData2, &d2dIndexBuffer2);
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc2;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc2, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc2));
vertexBufferDesc2.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc2.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 4;
vertexBufferDesc2.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc2.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc2.MiscFlags = 0;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData2;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData2, sizeof(vertexBufferData2));
vertexBufferData2.pSysMem = v2;
hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc2, &vertexBufferData2, &triangleVertBuffer2);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
return true;
}
Edit 4:
Added draw scene code:
void DrawScene()
{
//Set the vertex buffer
UINT stride = sizeof(Vertex);
UINT offset = 0;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Buffer 2//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);
////Draw the triangle
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, NULL);
////////////////////////////////////////////
d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &shaderResourceViewMap);
d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer(d2dIndexBuffer2, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0);
d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer2, &stride, &offset);
////Draw the triangle
d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0);
//Present the backbuffer to the screen
SwapChain->Present(0, 0);
}
In order to calculate correct texture coordinates from the vertex Position, you need to:
1.Create the render target texture with Width and Height (not the halves):
textureDesc.Width = Width; // /2; // Do not use half width
textureDesc.Height = Height; // /2; // Do not use half height
2.Divide the position to a float2(1 / Width, 1 / Height) in your pixel shader, like this:
float2 tex = input.Pos * float2(1.0f / 800.0f, 1.0f / 600.0f);
float4 diffuse = ObjTexture.Sample(ObjSamplerState, tex);
return input.Color + diffuse;
I am trying to build a simple 2D game using 2D sprites with DirectX 9, and I'm having problems getting the images to come out cleanly. I'd like to load bmp images and display them on the screen as is (no interpolation, no magnification, no filtering or anti-aliasing, etc).
I'm sure I'm missing something, but when I try and render a 100x100 bmp to the screen, it looks choppy and distorted, like a pixel art image would normally look when shrunken slightly. I want the bmp to look exactly as it does when loaded in MS Paint.
Does anyone have any idea why this might be the case? My code is shown below:
Initialization code:
g_DxCom = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION );
if ( g_DxCom == NULL )
{
return false;
}
D3DDISPLAYMODE d3dDisplayMode;
if ( FAILED( g_DxCom->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3dDisplayMode ) ) )
{
return false;
}
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dPresentParameters;
::ZeroMemory( &d3dPresentParameters, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS) );
d3dPresentParameters.Windowed = FALSE;
d3dPresentParameters.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dPresentParameters.BackBufferFormat = d3dDisplayMode.Format; // D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8
d3dPresentParameters.BackBufferWidth = d3dDisplayMode.Width;
d3dPresentParameters.BackBufferHeight = d3dDisplayMode.Height;
d3dPresentParameters.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
if ( FAILED( g_DxCom->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
this->hWnd,
D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dPresentParameters,
&pd3dDevice ) ) )
{
if ( FAILED( g_DxCom->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
this->hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dPresentParameters,
&pd3dDevice ) ) )
{
return false;
}
}
texture = NULL;
bg_texture = NULL;
Render code:
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_dxDevice;
float float1 = 99.5f; // I'd like to render my 100x100 sprite from screen coordinates 100, 100 to 200, 200
float float2 = 198.5f;
CUSTOMVERTEX OurVertices[] =
{
{ float1, float2, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ float1, float1, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
{ float2, float1, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ float1, float2, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
{ float2, float1, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
{ float2, float2, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }
};
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 v_buffer;
g_dxDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6 * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
0,
CUSTOMFVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&v_buffer,
NULL );
VOID* pVoid;
// Lock the vertex buffer into memory
v_buffer->Lock( 0, 0, &pVoid, 0 );
// Copy our vertex buffer to memory
::memcpy( pVoid, OurVertices, sizeof(OurVertices) );
// Unlock buffer
v_buffer->Unlock();
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_texture;
HRESULT hError;
DWORD dwTextureFilter = D3DTEXF_NONE;
g_dxDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, dwTextureFilter );
g_dxDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, dwTextureFilter );
g_dxDevice->SetSamplerState( 0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, dwTextureFilter );
g_dxDevice->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
g_dxDevice->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG1,D3DTA_TEXTURE);
g_dxDevice->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG2,D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
hError = D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_dxDevice, L"Test.bmp", &g_texture ); // 100x100 sprite
g_dxDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_texture );
g_dxDevice->Clear( 0,
NULL,
D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 40, 100 ),
1.0f,
0 );
g_dxDevice->BeginScene();
// Do rendering on the back buffer here
g_dxDevice->SetFVF( CUSTOMFVF );
g_dxDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
g_dxDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 6 );
g_dxDevice->EndScene();
g_dxDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
g_texture->Release();
v_buffer->Release();
Okay, so I've finally figured it out, and I should have known this was the case.
It looks like DirectX9 only works with textures with sizes that are multiples of 2. If I change the texture so that the sprite square is 128 x 128 (just adding some transparency) and run the application with float2 changed appropriately, there is no distortion in the rendered image.
Hurrah...
In my project, I draw a house, which consists of wall, floor, mirror, a switch to turn on or turn off the fire system. Everything is going on well by here.
At last, I want to draw a person's reflection on the mirror, but after I add the drawReflection function, things go wrong, scene became a mess. Why? I write the function according to the book.
void House::draw(float timeDelta)
{
_device->SetFVF(d3d::Vertex::FVF);
_device->SetStreamSource(0, _vb, 0, sizeof(d3d::Vertex));
// draw wall
_device->SetMaterial(&d3d::WHITE_MTRL);
_device->SetTexture(0, _wall);
_device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 10);
// draw floor
_device->SetMaterial(&d3d::WHITE_MTRL);
_device->SetTexture(0, _floor);
_device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 30, 2);
// draw mirror
_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0, 1.0f, 0);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, true);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ZERO);
_device->SetMaterial(&d3d::WHITE_MTRL);
_device->SetTexture(0, _mirror);
_device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 36, 2);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, false);
// draw switch button
D3DXMATRIX T, Ry, P;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&T, -4.95f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&Ry, D3DX_PI * 1.5f);
P = Ry * T;
_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &P);
_device->SetMaterial(&d3d::BLUE_MTRL);
_device->SetTexture(0, NULL);
_switch->DrawSubset(0);
// draw fire system
D3DXMATRIX I;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&I);
_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &I);
if(_fSwitchOn)
{
if(_fs->isDead())
_fs->reset();
_fs->update(timeDelta);
_fs->render();
}
// draw reflection of person
//drawReflection();
}
But after I add drawReflection() function to it, it became a mess. Why?
drawReflection() function is below:
void House::drawReflection()
{
// enable stencil
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILENABLE, true);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFUNC, D3DCMP_ALWAYS);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILREF, 0x1);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILMASK, 0xffffffff);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILWRITEMASK, 0xffffffff);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILZFAIL, D3DSTENCILOP_KEEP);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFAIL, D3DSTENCILOP_KEEP);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILPASS,
D3DSTENCILOP_REPLACE);
// stop write to target buffer and depth buffer
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, true);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_ZERO);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ONE);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, false);
// draw the mirror to stencil buffer
_device->SetFVF(d3d::Vertex::FVF);
_device->SetStreamSource(0, _vb, 0, sizeof(d3d::Vertex));
_device->SetMaterial(&d3d::WHITE_MTRL);
_device->SetTexture(0, _mirror);
D3DXMATRIX I;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&I);
_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &I);
_device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 36, 2);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, true);
// transform the mesh
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILFUNC, D3DCMP_EQUAL);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILPASS, D3DSTENCILOP_KEEP);
D3DXMATRIX Reflect, S, T, P;
D3DXPLANE plane(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -5.0f);
D3DXMatrixReflect(&Reflect, &plane);
// D3DXMatrixScaling(&S, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
D3DXVECTOR3 pos;
_person->getPosition(&pos);
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&T, pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
P = T * Reflect;
_device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_DESTCOLOR);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_ZERO);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CW);
_device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &P);
_person->draw();
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CCW);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_STENCILENABLE, false);
_device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, false);
}