I am working on running a Rails application in production. It's still a proof of concept, but I'm running into ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken exceptions for form submissions. My understanding is that in Rails 6 (or maybe earlier?) the protect_from_forgery callback is now called by default. To get it to work, I added the configuration option config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection = false in my config/environments/production.rb file, and now I'm working on re-enabling forgery protection so I removed the override and attempted to submit some forms (or log out, basically anything that uses a POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE method).
My ApplicationController does not call protect_from_forgery manually, and all GET requests appear to be working just fine. My application.html.haml includes the following within %head:
= csrf_meta_tags
= csp_meta_tag
My forms are using bootstrap_form_with and the form is submitting an authenticity_token form parameter that matches what is in the %head (verified from Chrome dev tools and the logs). When I submit, I see that the response is a 422 error with the exception in the logs:
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken (ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken):
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358]
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:217:in `handle_unverified_request'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:249:in `handle_unverified_request'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] devise (4.7.1) lib/devise/controllers/helpers.rb:255:in `handle_unverified_request'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:244:in `verify_authenticity_token'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:429:in `block in make_lambda'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:201:in `block (2 levels) in halting'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <module:Callbacks>'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:202:in `block in halting'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:514:in `block in invoke_before'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:514:in `each'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:514:in `invoke_before'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:110:in `block in run_callbacks'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] ahoy_matey (3.0.1) lib/ahoy/controller.rb:45:in `set_ahoy_request_store'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:121:in `block in run_callbacks'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:139:in `run_callbacks'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `block in process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `block in instrument'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `instrument'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:245:in `process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionview (6.0.2.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:51:in `dispatch'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:18:in `block in <class:Constraints>'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:48:in `serve'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:49:in `block in serve'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:837:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:36:in `block in call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `catch'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/etag.rb:25:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:38:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:259:in `context'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:253:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:648:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `run_callbacks'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:32:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] turbolinks_render (0.9.17) lib/turbolinks_render/middleware.rb:77:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `block in tagged'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:28:in `tagged'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `tagged'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] ahoy_matey (3.0.1) lib/ahoy/engine.rb:22:in `call_with_quiet_ahoy'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] request_store (1.5.0) lib/request_store/middleware.rb:19:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/method_override.rb:22:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] rack (2.0.8) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:111:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:77:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:526:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/configuration.rb:228:in `call'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:681:in `handle_request'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:472:in `process_client'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:328:in `block in run'
[3d603471-3240-4401-a3a2-e9ba3c6ac358] puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:134:in `block in spawn_thread'
I saw that devise recommended that I use prepend on the forgery protection, so I added the following to the ApplicationController:
protect_from_forgery with: :exception, prepend: true
I'm a bit stumped as to why this is happening, and can certainly provide some more code samples, but I'm not entirely sure what is necessary.
Thanks so much
In my case, solving this involved enabling the option in config/environments/production.rb as shown:
config.force_ssl = true
I'm not sure if this is the only thing, unfortunately, since it was a while since I asked the question, however, after I enabled it request forgery protection started working.
Related
I am getting this error when I try to sign up a user. After this error, I'm still able to sign in with the user it would've created, but it always shows me this upon registration. Please let me know if there's other information you need. Been stumped on this for a few days.
Here is the exception causes:
Here is the callback for the error:
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/polymorphic_routes.rb:231:in `public_send'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/polymorphic_routes.rb:231:in `polymorphic_method'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/polymorphic_routes.rb:116:in `polymorphic_url'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/url_for.rb:187:in `full_url_for'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/url_for.rb:170:in `url_for'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/redirecting.rb:144:in `_compute_redirect_to_location'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/redirecting.rb:89:in `redirect_to'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb:62:in `redirect_to'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:42:in `block in redirect_to'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `instrument'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:41:in `redirect_to'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:147:in `redirect_to'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:207:in `navigation_behavior'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:174:in `rescue in to_html'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:171:in `to_html'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:165:in `respond'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/responder.rb:158:in `call'
responders (3.0.1) lib/action_controller/respond_with.rb:213:in `respond_with'
devise (4.8.1) app/controllers/devise/registrations_controller.rb:25:in `create'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:214:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:53:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:234:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:118:in `block in run_callbacks'
actiontext (7.0.0) lib/action_text/rendering.rb:20:in `with_renderer'
actiontext (7.0.0) lib/action_text/engine.rb:69:in `block (4 levels) in <class:Engine>'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:127:in `instance_exec'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:127:in `block in run_callbacks'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:138:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:233:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:67:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `instrument'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:66:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:259:in `process_action'
activerecord (7.0.0) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:151:in `process'
actionview (7.0.0) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:188:in `dispatch'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:251:in `dispatch'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:49:in `dispatch'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:18:in `block in <class:Constraints>'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:48:in `serve'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:50:in `block in serve'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:850:in `call'
warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:36:in `block in call'
warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `catch'
warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:40:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/http/permissions_policy.rb:22:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:266:in `context'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:260:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:693:in `call'
activerecord (7.0.0) lib/active_record/migration.rb:603:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:99:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:28:in `call'
web-console (4.2.0) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:132:in `call_app'
web-console (4.2.0) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:28:in `block in call'
web-console (4.2.0) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `catch'
web-console (4.2.0) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:26:in `call'
railties (7.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:36:in `call_app'
railties (7.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:25:in `block in call'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:99:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:37:in `tagged'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:99:in `tagged'
railties (7.0.0) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:25:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.4.2) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:93:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:26:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (7.0.0) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/server_timing.rb:20:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:23:in `call'
rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:110:in `call'
actionpack (7.0.0) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:137:in `call'
railties (7.0.0) lib/rails/engine.rb:530:in `call'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/configuration.rb:249:in `call'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/request.rb:77:in `block in handle_request'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:340:in `with_force_shutdown'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/request.rb:76:in `handle_request'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/server.rb:447:in `process_client'
puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:147:in `block in spawn_thread'
My routes.rb:
Rails.application.routes.draw do
devise_for :users
resources :teachers
resources :offices
# Define your application routes per the DSL in https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html
# Defines the root path route ("/")
root to: "offices#index"
# root "articles#index"
end
This seems to a be a known issue with Rails 7 and Devise now. To fix it in the meantime simply add the following line to your devise.rb.
config.navigational_formats = ['*/*', :html, :turbo_stream]
Source:
https://github.com/heartcombo/devise/issues/5439
I am trying to call a method from a gem that I have created but keep getting the error stated in the title. I've looked into the error but still dont know why it is occurring. When I run the file in the Command prompt it works perfectly. All I want to do it populate the method with user input and display the result in my index page. I am running the following it the command prompt:
irb -rubygems
require 'unit_converter'
UnitConverter::Weight.new.conversions(1, :kg)
The output changes depending on what I type in but for example the output for this would be:
["2.20462pounds", "0.157473stone"]
It's only when I try and link it up to my erb file that i get the error mentioned.
To reproduce the error This is the method I am creating in my measurements_controller file:
def unit_converter
#input1 = params[:value]
#input2 = params[:unit]
#result = UnitConverter::Weight.new.conversions(#input1.to_i , #input2)
end
And in my index.html.erb file I have a form like so:
<%= form_tag "/validate" do %>
<%= text_field_tag :value %>
<%= text_field_tag :unit %>
<%= submit_tag "Search" %>
<% end %>
<%= #result %>
And these are my routes to link everything up
get '/check', :controller=>'measurements', :action=>'index'
post '/validate', :controller=>'measurements', :action=>'unit_converter'
This is the gem that I am using and conversions is the method:
module UnitConverter
class ConversionError < StandardError
end
class Weight
# lookup table
CONVERSIONS = {
kg: {
pounds: 2.20462,
stone: 0.157473,
},
pounds: {
kg: 0.453592,
stone: 0.0714286
},
stone: {
kg: 6.35029,
pounds: 14
}
}
def convert(value, from, to:)
raise ConversionError, "Value is not numeric" unless value.is_a? Numeric
raise ConversionError, "Value #{value} is not positive" unless value >= 0
"#{value * conversion_ratio(from, to) }#{to.to_s}"
end
def conversions(value, unit)
CONVERSIONS[unit].keys.map do |other_unit|
convert(value, unit, to: other_unit)
end
end
private
def conversion_ratio(from, to)
begin
CONVERSIONS.fetch(from).fetch(to)
rescue KeyError
raise ConversionError, "Cannot convert #{from.to_s} to #{to.to_s}"
end
end
end
end
My full stack trace:
**unit_converter (0.0.0) lib/unit_converter.rb:32:in `conversions'
app/controllers/measurements_controller.rb:9:in `unit_converter'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:196:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:42:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:135:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `instrument'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:245:in `process_action'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
actionview (6.0.2.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:51:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:49:in `block in serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:837:in `call'
rack-pjax (1.1.0) lib/rack/pjax.rb:12:in `call'
remotipart (1.4.4) lib/remotipart/middleware.rb:32:in `call'
warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:36:in `block in call'
warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `catch'
warden (1.2.8) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:40:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:266:in `context'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:260:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:648:in `call'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/migration.rb:567:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:32:in `call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:132:in `call_app'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:28:in `block in call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `catch'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:28:in `tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `tagged'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.2.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:126:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:110:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:83:in `call'
webpacker (4.2.2) lib/webpacker/dev_server_proxy.rb:23:in `perform_request'
rack-proxy (0.6.5) lib/rack/proxy.rb:57:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:526:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/configuration.rb:228:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:681:in `handle_request'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:472:in `process_client'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:328:in `block in run'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:134:in `block in spawn_thread'**
When you are calling the conversions method from the console, you are passing in a symbol :kg ... but when the method is being called in the controller, it's receiving a String.
So you just need to convert the unit of measure to a symbol, the same way you are converting the number value to an integer:
#result = UnitConverter::Weight.new.conversions(#input1.to_i , #input2.to_sym)
The error you got was b/c the lookup in your conversions table was essentially looking for Conversions['kg'] which returns nil -- hence the "undefined method keys..." error message.
Another solution, is to use a convenience method that Rails adds to the Hash class: with_indifferent_access.
If you define your lookup table like this (I'm omitting the guts of it), then you can access this Hash with either String keys or Symbol keys, and doing #input2.to_sym won't be necessary:
CONVERSIONS = {
...
}.with_indifferent_access
My production database uses S3 and ActiveRecord to store images.
Since some time (could be related to the rails 6 upgrade but im not sure) a lot of the older images don't show their variants. Some newer ones however do. So it's not a general issue.
What puzzles me though, is that the non-variant image does show always
<p>
Variant, does not show
</p>
<%= image_tag #asset.image.variant(resize_to_fit: [200,200]) %>
<hr>
<p>
Original, shows
</p>
<%= image_tag #asset.image %>
<hr>
The log shows:
ActiveStorage::Blob Load (0.6ms) SELECT "active_storage_blobs".* FROM "active_storage_blobs" WHERE "active_storage_blobs"."id" = $1 LIMIT $2 [["id", 23], ["LIMIT", 1]]
S3 Storage (46.9ms) Checked if file exists at key: variants/assets/images/000/000/057/original/HOMEpg_PromoProd_990x660_microsite-Xplory.png/571109d233f5604a00cda0d8b8112d86e0bda9ff3c03f83cd9b25edbaf2dbed8 (no)
S3 Storage (320.9ms) Downloaded file from key: assets/images/000/000/057/original/HOMEpg_PromoProd_990x660_microsite-Xplory.png
Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 374ms (ActiveRecord: 0.6ms | Allocations: 29916)
ActiveStorage::IntegrityError (ActiveStorage::IntegrityError):
activestorage (6.0.2.1) lib/active_storage/downloader.rb:39:in `verify_integrity_of'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) lib/active_storage/downloader.rb:14:in `block in open'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) lib/active_storage/downloader.rb:24:in `open_tempfile'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) lib/active_storage/downloader.rb:12:in `open'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) lib/active_storage/service.rb:86:in `open'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) app/models/active_storage/blob.rb:219:in `open'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) app/models/active_storage/variant.rb:99:in `process'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) app/models/active_storage/variant.rb:67:in `processed'
activestorage (6.0.2.1) app/controllers/active_storage/representations_controller.rb:12:in `show'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:196:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:42:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:135:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `instrument'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:245:in `process_action'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
actionview (6.0.2.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:51:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:49:in `block in serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:837:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:17:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/head.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:269:in `context'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:263:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:648:in `call'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/migration.rb:567:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:135:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:32:in `call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:132:in `call_app'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:28:in `block in call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `catch'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:28:in `tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `tagged'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.2.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
request_store (1.5.0) lib/request_store/middleware.rb:19:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:24:in `call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:126:in `call'
rack (2.1.2) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:113:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:83:in `call'
webpacker (4.2.2) lib/webpacker/dev_server_proxy.rb:23:in `perform_request'
rack-proxy (0.6.5) lib/rack/proxy.rb:57:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:526:in `call'
puma (3.12.2) lib/puma/configuration.rb:227:in `call'
puma (3.12.2) lib/puma/server.rb:674:in `handle_request'
puma (3.12.2) lib/puma/server.rb:476:in `process_client'
puma (3.12.2) lib/puma/server.rb:334:in `block in run'
puma (3.12.2) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:135:in `block in spawn_thread'
I researched IntegrityError a but and understand what is is about but that's it.
So first of all I'd like to understand what happens here and why variants are broken.
Second I would like to know if I can remedy that in some way...
I use vips but I uncommented it and it didn't change anything.
I just began learning ruby on rails and while going through the guide link, I cannot change the page display in step 4.3
my routes.rb file looks precisely as recommended in the guide, having only two lines between the draw and its end:
get 'welcome/index'
root 'welcome#index'
while my index.html.erb file looks like this:
<h1>Hello, Rails!</h1>
yet when I load the localhost:3000 page, it gives the error
WelcomeController#index is missing a template for request formats:
text/html
even though the file index.html.erb is valid.
any suggestions for what could be the matter?
EDIT: Server log reads as follows:
Started GET "/welcome/index" for ::1 at 2020-02-12 15:19:39 -0500 (5.7ms) SELECT sqlite_version(*) Processing by WelcomeController#index as HTML Completed 406 Not Acceptable in 28ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms | Allocations: 1989)
ActionController::MissingExactTemplate (WelcomeController#index is missing a template for request formats: text/html):
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:45:in `default_render'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `block in send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `tap'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:6:in `send_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:196:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:42:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:135:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:180:in `instrument'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:245:in `process_action'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
actionview (6.0.2.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:191:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:252:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:51:in `dispatch'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:49:in `block in serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:837:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:266:in `context'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:260:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:648:in `call'
activerecord (6.0.2.1) lib/active_record/migration.rb:567:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:101:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:32:in `call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:132:in `call_app'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:28:in `block in call'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `catch'
web-console (4.0.1) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:17:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:28:in `tagged'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:80:in `tagged'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.2.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:27:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (6.0.2.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:126:in `call'
rack (2.2.2) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:110:in `call'
actionpack (6.0.2.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:83:in `call'
webpacker (4.2.2) lib/webpacker/dev_server_proxy.rb:23:in `perform_request'
rack-proxy (0.6.5) lib/rack/proxy.rb:57:in `call'
railties (6.0.2.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:526:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/configuration.rb:228:in `call'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:681:in `handle_request'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:472:in `process_client'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/server.rb:328:in `block in run'
puma (4.3.1) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:134:in `block in spawn_thread'
I have also tried continuing to follow the guide to step 5.1 and though all the errors appear as the guide says, the 'solution' at the end of that step still causes an error with template format.
I've been following the Sorcery tutorial to build simple password authentication for a new (blank) Rails app. I've followed it very closely except for translating the erb to haml as I go along.
Everything has worked fine except that when testing the logout function it throws an error that seems to stump Google (see title).
The application trace shows only
app/controllers/user_sessions_controller.rb:16:in `destroy'
highlighting the logout line in user_sessions_controller.rb:
def destroy
logout
redirect_to(:users, notice: 'Logged out!')
end
I'll dump the framework trace below (it means very little to me) and am very happy to provide further information if you let me know what would be helpful. Generic advice on how to debug this kind of error would also be welcome.
activemodel (5.1.6) lib/active_model/attribute_methods.rb:432:in `method_missing'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/adapters/active_record_adapter.rb:6:in `block in update_attributes'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/adapters/active_record_adapter.rb:5:in `each'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/adapters/active_record_adapter.rb:5:in `update_attributes'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/model/submodules/remember_me.rb:67:in `force_forget_me!'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/model/submodules/remember_me.rb:61:in `forget_me!'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/controller/submodules/remember_me.rb:34:in `forget_me!'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/controller.rb:149:in `block in before_logout!'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/controller.rb:149:in `each'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/controller.rb:149:in `before_logout!'
sorcery (0.12.0) lib/sorcery/controller.rb:69:in `logout'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/basic_implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:186:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:131:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:19:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:20:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:252:in `process_action'
activerecord (5.1.6) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:22:in `process_action'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:124:in `process'
actionview (5.1.6) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:30:in `process'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:189:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:253:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:49:in `dispatch'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:31:in `serve'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:50:in `block in serve'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:33:in `each'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:33:in `serve'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:844:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/etag.rb:25:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:38:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:232:in `context'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:226:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:613:in `call'
activerecord (5.1.6) lib/active_record/migration.rb:556:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:97:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:24:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:59:in `call'
web-console (3.6.2) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:135:in `call_app'
web-console (3.6.2) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:22:in `block in call'
web-console (3.6.2) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:20:in `catch'
web-console (3.6.2) lib/web_console/middleware.rb:20:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:31:in `call'
railties (5.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:36:in `call_app'
railties (5.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `block in call'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:69:in `block in tagged'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:69:in `tagged'
railties (5.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:24:in `call'
sprockets-rails (3.2.1) lib/sprockets/rails/quiet_assets.rb:13:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:79:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:25:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/method_override.rb:22:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
activesupport (5.1.6) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:12:in `call'
actionpack (5.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:125:in `call'
rack (2.0.5) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:111:in `call'
railties (5.1.6) lib/rails/engine.rb:522:in `call'
puma (3.11.4) lib/puma/configuration.rb:225:in `call'
puma (3.11.4) lib/puma/server.rb:632:in `handle_request'
puma (3.11.4) lib/puma/server.rb:446:in `process_client'
puma (3.11.4) lib/puma/server.rb:306:in `block in run'
puma (3.11.4) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:120:in `block in spawn_thread'
Restarting the Rails server resolved the problem.