I am not new here but this is my first question.
I have searched a lot and quite frankly can't understand how this is supposed to work.
I get data periodically (temperature) to my ESP32 and while having it set as a WiFi client, connect to my router and somehow store this data on my Laptop(or somewhere else, like a local/web site, don't know if that's possible/better).
How is the connection supposed to work? I have installed XAMPP and run the Apache and MySQL servers and I tried to connect to my Laptop with some sketches from Arduino using the ESP32 libraries
// Use WiFiClient class to create TCP connections
WiFiClient client;
const int httpPort = 80;
const char* host = "192.168.1.109"; //The local IP of my Laptop
if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {
Serial.println("connection failed");
return;
}
but it doesn't connect.
Can someone please explain to me how this connection is supposed to take form or is this question too vague? I really just wanna know the "how-things-should-work-together" in this situation.
Thank you in advance.
OK, so after a lot of research and trying, I managed to work it out. I can now send an HTTP request (like GET or POST) from my ESP32 to a local server that is running on my laptop using XAMP and get a response. I can also connect to my local IP from my mobile phone (which is also in the same WiFi network).
Just for anyone else who wants to connect to a location in a server hosted on a PC in a local network, the steps are:
Create a local server on your PC, laptop whatever using an application like XAMPP (I have Windows 10 so WAMP would also work), download, install, open and start Apache.
Make sure that the Firewall lets your requests pass through (for me it was open by default, but I had seen elsewhere Firewall being an issue)
Go to your network settings, select the network that your devices(ESP32, phone, etc.)are connected and change its profile to Private, meaning that you trust this network, making your PC discoverable and able to accept requests. (That is really simple but took me hours to find)
Now, in order to connect from your phone to your PC, open a browser and enter the local IP (that is the IP that is given to your PC from the router as a local network name) of your PC to a browser and that's it, you are connected.
If you installed and ran XAMP, when connecting to your local IP(from same PC or other local device), it will forward you to 192.168.x.x/dashboard. If you want to create new workspaces and files, browse the XAMP folder in the installed location and inside the '/htdocs' subfolder do your testing.
For the ESP32 communication in Arduino(basic steps, not full code):
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
String host = "http://192.168.x.x/testfolder/";
String file_to_access = "test_post.php";
String URL = host + file_to_access;
void setup(){
WiFi.begin(ssid, password); //Connect to WiFi
HTTPClient http;
bool http_begin = http.begin(URL);
String message_name = "message_sent";
String message_value = "This is the value of a message sent by the ESP32 to local server
via HTTP POST request";
String payload_request = message_name + "=" + message_value; //Combine the name and value
http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
int httpResponseCode = http.sendRequest("POST", payload_request);
String payload_response = http.getString();
}
In the test_post.php (located in "C:\xampp\htdocs\testfolder\") file I used a simple script to echo a message received using a POST request, so it's only 'readable' from POST requests. Connecting to it from your browser will give you the "Sorry, accepting..." message.
<?php
$message_received = "";
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"){
$message_received = $_POST["message_sent"];
echo "Welcome ESP32, the message you sent me is: " . $message_received;
}
else {
echo "Sorry, accepting only POST requests...";
}
?>
Finally, using Serial prints, the output is:
Response Code: 200
Payload: Welcome ESP32, the message you sent me is: This is the value of a message sent by the ESP32 to local server via HTTP POST request
There it is, hope that this helps someone.
Related
I have a thingsboard UI available at "thingsboard.MYDOMAIN.io:8080". I'm using NodeJS and MQTT.js. I can connect using the sample code on that page. But I don't know what URL i would use in that connect string. I've tried using that URL and putting MQTT:// on the front of it to no avail.
It's just one device coming into a thingsboard. I wouldn't think i would need to add anything other than the default thingsboard.
If someone could tell what the expect default URL would be?
The default MQTT port number is 1883 so something like
mqtt://thingsboard.mydomain.io:1883
would be a good starting point. You should even be able to leave the port number off e.g.
mqtt://thingsboard.mydomain.io
Connection code should be something like this:
var mqtt = require('mqtt');
const thingsboardHost = "127.0.0.1";
const ACCESS_TOKEN = "**********";
// Initialization of mqtt client using Thingsboard host and device access token
console.log('Connecting to: %s using access token: %s', thingsboardHost, ACCESS_TOKEN);
var client = mqtt.connect('mqtt://'+ thingsboardHost, { username: ACCESS_TOKEN });
The default MQTT port number is 1883, but you don't have to manually set that value. Take a look at the source code.
https://github.com/mqttjs/MQTT.js
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Is it possible to use the UPNP protocol for automatic port forwarding on the router using ESP8266?
I need to be able to access my ESP8266 module even when I am away from home.
Currently I have configured port forwarding manually in my router settings.
But in the future, in order for my project to become a commercial product, it needs to be able to do automatic port forwarding as this would be a barrier for the average user.
On the internet I found something talking about UPNP on ESP8266, but it was not about port forwarding.
Thank you very much in advance!
You can have a look at my library that I made just for that:
https://github.com/ofekp/TinyUPnP
I have an example for an IOT device (LED lights) within the package, I cannot attach the link due to low reputation.
You can have a look at the example code. All made for ESP8266.
Very simple to use, just call addPortMapping with the port you want to open, just as showed in the example.
You have to do this every 36000 (LEASE_DURATION) seconds, since UPnP is lease based protocol.
Declare:
unsigned long lastUpdateTime = 0;
TinyUPnP *tinyUPnP = new TinyUPnP(-1); // -1 means blocking, preferably, use a timeout value (ms)
Setup:
if (tinyUPnP->addPortMapping(WiFi.localIP(), LISTEN_PORT, RULE_PROTOCOL_TCP, LEASE_DURATION, FRIENDLY_NAME)) {
lastUpdateTime = millis();
}
Loop:
// update UPnP port mapping rule if needed
if ((millis() - lastUpdateTime) > (long) (0.8D * (double) (LEASE_DURATION * 1000.0))) {
Serial.print("UPnP rule is about to be revoked, renewing lease");
if (tinyUPnP->addPortMapping(WiFi.localIP(), LISTEN_PORT, RULE_PROTOCOL_TCP, LEASE_DURATION, FRIENDLY_NAME)) {
lastUpdateTime = millis();
}
}
I only checked it with my D-Link router.
To anyone interested in how the library works:
It sends an M_SEARCH message to UPnP UDP multicast address.
The gateway router will respond with a message including an HTTP header called Location.
Location is a link to an XML file containing the IGD (Internet Gateway Device) API in order to create the needed calls which will add the new port mapping to your gateway router.
One of the services that is depicted in the XML is <serviceType>urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANPPPConnection:1</serviceType> which is what the library is looking for.
That service will include a eventSubURL tag which is a link to your router's IGD API. (The base URL is also depicted in the same file under the tag URLBase)
Using the base URL and the WANPPPConnection link you can issue an HTTP query to the router that will add the UPnP rule.
As a side note, the service depicted in the XML also includes a SCPDURL tag which is a link to another XML that depicts commands available for the service and their parameters. The package skips this stage as I assumed the query will be similar for many routers, this may very well not be the case, though, so it is up to you to check.
From this stage the package will issue the service command using an HTTP query to the router. The actual query can be seen in the code quite clearly but for anyone interested:
Headers:
"POST " + <link to service command from XML> + " HTTP/1.1"
"Content-Type: text/xml; charset=\"utf-8\""
"SOAPAction: \"urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANPPPConnection:1#AddPortMapping\""
"Content-Length: " + body.length()
Body:
"<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\r\n"
"<s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" s:encodingStyle=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/\">\r\n"
"<s:Body>\r\n"
"<u:AddPortMapping xmlns:u=\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANPPPConnection:1\">\r\n"
" <NewRemoteHost></NewRemoteHost>\r\n"
" <NewExternalPort>" + String(rulePort) + "</NewExternalPort>\r\n"
" <NewProtocol>" + ruleProtocol + "</NewProtocol>\r\n"
" <NewInternalPort>" + String(rulePort) + "</NewInternalPort>\r\n"
" <NewInternalClient>" + ipAddressToString(ruleIP) + "</NewInternalClient>\r\n"
" <NewEnabled>1</NewEnabled>\r\n"
" <NewPortMappingDescription>" + ruleFriendlyName + "</NewPortMappingDescription>\r\n"
" <NewLeaseDuration>" + String(ruleLeaseDuration) + "</NewLeaseDuration>\r\n"
"</u:AddPortMapping>\r\n"
"</s:Body>\r\n"
"</s:Envelope>\r\n";
I hope this helps.
I don't see why not. UPnP implements multiple profiles, the one you are interested in is named IGD (Internet Gateway Device), which most home routers implement to allow client applications on the local network (e.g Skype, uTorrent, etc.) to map ports on the router's NAT.
UPnP works over IP multicast to discover and announce devices implementing UPnP services over the address 239.255.255.250. Devices interested in such announcements subscribe to this multicast group and listen on port 1900. In fact, UPnP does not itself provide a discovery mechanism, but relies on a protocol called SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) to discover hosts on the local network.
All that's needed is an UDP socket bound to the aforementioned address and port to subscribe and publish messages on your home multicast group. You'd need to use an implementation of SSDP to discover your router, once you have discovered your router, you can send commands using UPnP wrapped around SOAP enveloppes.
There are many implementations of the UPnP IGD profile in Posix C, which you may reuse and port to the ESP 8266 (e.g MiniUPnP, gupnp-igd).
I am using NodeMCU (with ESP8266-E) with an upgraded firmware. All basic commands work perfectly but there is one problem.
I wanted to create an independent access point, which could have a behaviour like a UDP server. That means without direct connection to any other access points. A simple UDP server like soft AP.
I followed these steps:
I have uploaded a new firmware to NodeMCU.
I have downloaded ESPlorer for better work with NodeMCU.
I have uploaded the source code below.
I have connected to the NodeMCU access point on my desktop.
I have sent some strings to the NodeMCU using a Java UDP client program.
I have looked at the messages on ESPlorer.
NodeMCU has not received any such strings.
--
print("ESP8266 Server")
wifi.setmode(wifi.STATIONAP);
wifi.ap.config({ssid="test",pwd="12345678"});
print("Server IP Address:",wifi.ap.getip())
-- 30s timeout for an inactive client
srv = net.createServer(net.UDP, 30)
-- server listens on 5000, if data received, print data to console
srv:listen(5000, function(sk)
sk:on("receive", function(sck, data)
print("received: " .. data)
end)
sk:on("connection", function(s)
print("connection established")
end)
end)
When I tried to send a message using a Java application, there was no change in ESPlorer. Not even when I tried to send a message using the Hercules program (great program for TCP, UDP communication).
I guess that maybe it will be the wrong IP address. I am using the IP address of the AP and not the IP address of the station.
In other words I am using this address: wifi.ap.getip() and not this address wifi.sta.getip() for connections to the UDP server. But sta.getip() returns a nil object. Really I don't know.
I will be glad for any advice.
Thank you very much.
Ok, let's restart this since you updated the question. I should have switched on my brain before I gave you the first hints, sorry about this.
UDP is connectionless and, therefore, there's of course no s:on("connection"). As a consequence you can't register your callbacks on a socket but on the server itself. It is in the documentation but it's easy to miss.
This should get you going:
wifi.setmode(wifi.STATIONAP)
wifi.ap.config({ ssid = "test", pwd = "12345678" })
print("Server IP Address:", wifi.ap.getip())
srv = net.createServer(net.UDP)
srv:listen(5000)
srv:on("receive", function(s, data)
print("received: " .. data)
s:send("echo: " .. data)
end)
I ran this against a firmware from the dev branch and tested from the command line like so
$ echo "foo" | nc -w1 -u 192.168.4.1 5000
echo: foo
ESPlorer then also correctly printed "received: foo".
This line is invalid Lua code. connected is in the wrong place here. you can't just put a single word after a function call.
print(wifi.ap.getip()) connected
I guess you intended to do something like
print(wifi.ap.getip() .. " connected")
Although I think you should add som error handling here in case wifi.ap.getip() does not return an IP.
Here you do not finish the function definition. Neither did you complete the srv:on call
srv:on("receive", function(srv, pl)
print("Strings received")
srv:listen(port)
I assume you just did not copy/paste the complete code.
I'm trying to make a program that sends SNMP queries to some switches in the network.
Using the Net-snmp tools, I can send get requests to the switch using its name, and it works fine. But SNMP4J requires an IP address in CommunityTarget, so I get an IllegalArgumentException.
This is the relevant part of the code:
TransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
transport.listen();
CommunityTarget comtarget = new CommunityTarget();
comtarget.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
comtarget.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version1);
comtarget.setAddress(new UdpAddress("switchName")); // exception happens here
comtarget.setRetries(2);
comtarget.setTimeout(1000);
How can I work around this?
You can get the IP address by using DNS resolution, like this answer says:
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(switchName);
System.out.println(address.getHostAddress());
I actually tried with the following code, which gave me a result of the local machine Ip address, name and the server Ip address
var hostNamesList = NetworkInformation.GetHostNames();
HostName serverHost = new HostName("cptdomain.ctl.local");
StreamSocket clientSocket = new Windows.Networking.Sockets.StreamSocket();
// Try to connect to the remote host
await clientSocket.ConnectAsync(serverHost, "http");
foreach (var entry in hostNamesList)
{
if (entry.Type == HostNameType.DomainName)
{
hostName.Text = "Machine Name : " + entry.DisplayName;
IPAddress.Text = "Machine IP : " + clientSocket.Information.LocalAddress.DisplayName;
ServerAddress.Text = "Server IP : " + clientSocket.Information.RemoteAddress.DisplayName;
}
}
}
But actually my requirement is, how to get the list of IP addresses and name of the computers that are connected to the server in LAN for Windows Store Apps.
Please guide me in this to get the proper solution for running my store app.
Note: Here I was working with windows8 store apps with WinRT
This is how you do it in a full fat c# application, but I don't think you can do this on a winrt application. At a minimum you will have to add the private network privilege.