Why can't i attach a container to a docker network? - docker

I've created a user defined attachable overlay swarm network. I can inspect it, but when i attempt to attach a container to it, i get the following error when running on the manager node:
$ docker network connect mrunner baz
Error response from daemon: network mrunner not found
The network is defined and is attachable
$ docker network inspect mrunner
[
{
"Name": "mrunner",
"Id": "kviwxfejsuyc9476eznb7a8yw",
"Created": "2019-06-20T21:25:45.271304082Z",
"Scope": "swarm",
"Driver": "overlay",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "10.0.1.0/24",
"Gateway": "10.0.1.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": true,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": null,
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.driver.overlay.vxlanid_list": "4098"
},
"Labels": null
}
]
$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
4a454d677dea bridge bridge local
95383b47ee94 docker_gwbridge bridge local
249684755b51 host host local
zgx0nppx33vj ingress overlay swarm
kviwxfejsuyc mrunner overlay swarm
a30a12f8d7cc none null local
uftxcaoz9rzg taskman_default overlay swarm
Why is this network connection failing?
** This was answered here: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/39391

See this:
To create an overlay network for use with swarm services, use a command like the following:
$ docker network create -d overlay my-overlay
To create an overlay network which can be used by swarm services or standalone containers to communicate with other standalone containers running on other Docker daemons, add the --attachable flag:
$ docker network create -d overlay --attachable my-attachable-overlay
So, by default overlay network cannot be used by standalone containers, if insist on, you need to add --attachable to allow this network be used by standalone containers.

Thanks to thaJeztah on docker git repo:
The solution is as follows, but essentially make the flow service centric:
docker network create -d overlay --attachable --scope=swarm somenetwork
docker service create --name someservice nginx:alpine
If you want to connect the service to the somenetwork after it was created, update the service;
docker service update --network-add somenetwork someservice
After this; all tasks of the someservice service will be connected to somenetwork (in addition to other overlay networks they were connected to).
https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/39391#issuecomment-505050610

Related

why is a bridge network driver in docker can be connected by multiple devices?

I happen to find out that the network component created by command docker network create <name> can be connected by more than 2 containers. And I ran cmd docker network inspect <name> and noticed that the network component was based on 'bridge' driver. Mostly, a bridge has only two port, and working on the Data Link Layer(Layer 2), but the docker bridge network has configuration about gateway IP, subnet IP, and act like a router... why is that?
$ docker network inspect test_net
[
{
// ... more ...
"Driver": "bridge",
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.19.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.19.0.1"
}
]
},
// ... more ...
"Containers": {
"179f58df1703141de16910b3da6b5e20d3dacf84ac8ba54dcd056b22fdbb5131": {
// ... more ...
},
"54eef07a7cd456b0e7eb66cb0c382e7209905cffd813d2203316ab676d3850ff": {
// ... more ...
},
"d2019820a6ef143c64d07b40d77e9e6d891834189de12dc57b02d202c5142c32": {
// ... more ... }
}
}
]
I'm learn docker for the moment, and trying to build a small network with docker container for testing purpose. I need a network component that acts like a physical switch device, with three ubuntu containers connected to it, so that I can inspect the network traffic with tools like tcpdump. But I didn't find any network component running with 'switch' type.

Docker swarm overlay, single node, no connection between services

I'm trying to make a connection from one service to another, to achieve it I created an overlay network and two services attached to it like so.
$ docker network create -d overlay net1
$ docker service create --name busybox --network net1 busybox sleep 3000
$ docker service create --name busybox2 --network net1 busybox sleep 3000
Now I make sure my services are running and both connected to overlay.
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ecc8dd465cb1 busybox:latest "sleep 3000" About a minute ago Up About a minute busybox2.1.uw597s90tkvbcaisgaq7los2q
f8cfe793e3d9 busybox:latest "sleep 3000" About a minute ago Up About a minute busybox.1.l5lxp4v0mcbujqh79dne2ds42
$ docker network inspect net1
[
{
"Name": "net1",
"Id": "5dksx8hlxh1rbj42pva21obyz",
"Created": "2021-06-22T14:23:43.739770415Z",
"Scope": "swarm",
"Driver": "overlay",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "10.0.4.0/24",
"Gateway": "10.0.4.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {
"ecc8dd465cb12c622f48b109529534279dddd4fe015a66c848395157fb73bc69": {
"Name": "busybox2.1.uw597s90tkvbcaisgaq7los2q",
"EndpointID": "b666f6374a815341cb8af7642a7523c9bb153f153b688218ad006605edd6e196",
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:04:06",
"IPv4Address": "10.0.4.6/24",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"f8cfe793e3d97f72393f556c2ae555217e32e35b00306e765489ac33455782aa": {
"Name": "busybox.1.l5lxp4v0mcbujqh79dne2ds42",
"EndpointID": "fff680bd13a235c4bb050ecd8318971612b66954f7bd79ac3ee0799ee18f16bf",
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:04:03",
"IPv4Address": "10.0.4.3/24",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"lb-net1": {
"Name": "net1-endpoint",
"EndpointID": "2a3b02f66f395e613c6bc88f16d0723762d28488b429a9e50f7df24c04e9f1f0",
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:04:04",
"IPv4Address": "10.0.4.4/24",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.driver.overlay.vxlanid_list": "4101"
},
"Labels": {},
"Peers": [
{
"Name": "e1c2ac76b95b",
"IP": "10.18.0.6"
}
]
}
]
So far so good! Next I ssh into one of containers and try to nslookup the second one, but have no luck.
$ docker exec -it busybox.1.l5lxp4v0mcbujqh79dne2ds42 sh
/ # nslookup busybox2
Server: 127.0.0.11
Address: 127.0.0.11:53
Non-authoritative answer:
*** Can't find busybox2: No answer
*** Can't find busybox2: No answer
/ # nslookup busybox2.1.uw597s90tkvbcaisgaq7los2q
Server: 127.0.0.11
Address: 127.0.0.11:53
Non-authoritative answer:
*** Can't find busybox2.1.uw597s90tkvbcaisgaq7los2q: No answer
*** Can't find busybox2.1.uw597s90tkvbcaisgaq7los2q: No answer
I know that overlay questions are quite common here, but they are mostly about node to node connections, not single node swarm. Another think to keep in mind is there is no local firewall on that node at all.
Am I trying to connect in the wrong way or is it a configuration issue?
The solution was simply adding a --attachable flag to network create command. After that I could ping my services by name.
Turns out you need that flag no matter if you are adding stack (in my case I have multiple stacks in the same swarm) or single services.
docker service create ... --network net1 does not create network aliases by default. To get that behaviour you need to use the long form syntax of --network
docker service create --network name=net1,alias=busybox1 busybox tail -f /dev/null
Its interesting that making the network attachable has a similar effect. Usually a network is made attachable so that containers can be attached to it via docker run --network net1 ... so while this approach works, it has potentially undesirable side effects for whatever network attachability is supposed to protect against.

How to change configuration of existing docker network

I have an existing (MacVLAN) docker network called "VPN" to which I normally attach docker containers that I all want to run on a VPN. There are two single 'host' docker containers running openvpn, each with their own IP, and I attach other containers to these as I please.
I have recently moved, and my new router is at address 192.168.0.1. However, the old house's router had the gateway at 192.168.2.254, and the existing docker network had the subnet mask, the IP range and the gateway all configured for this.
If I run docker network inspect VPN it gives:
[
{
"Name": "VPN",
"Id": [anidea],
"Created": [sometimenottolongago],
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "macvlan",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.2.0/24",
"IPRange": "192.168.2.128/28",
"Gateway": "192.168.2.254"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {
"parent": "enp5s0"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]
There were two machines on the network, and I cannot access them currently. Both machines are a container to which other containers are attached to.
I have tried:
Recreating the docker containers with new IP addresses on the subnet of the new home network. This doesn't work as the docker network "VPN" allows only IP's on the old range.
Access the docker containers/machines at their old IP. Then I get a timeout; possibly I need to design some IP routing or something? This is where my knowledge (if any) starts getting cloudy.
I think the best is to just update the docker network "VPN" to play nice with the new Gateway/router/home network; I would like to change the IPAM["Config"] parameters to update for the new gateway and subnet. However, I can't find online how to do this (the only things that come up is how to change the default settings for the default docker network).
Long story short:
How do I change configuration/parameters of an existing docker network?
If, in the end, this is a bad way of doing things (for instance, if I can access the containers on the network as-currently-is), I'm also open for ideas.
The host machine is running ubuntu-server 20.04.1 LTS.
Thanks in advance.
The simplest approach to this would be to delete the VPN network and create it anew with new parameters but the same name. If you use docker-compose up to recreate containers, include the networks section in the first container that you recreate.
First, run this to delete the existing network:
docker network rm VPN
Then add the macvlan network definition to yml of your first re-created container. Here is the networks section I used, adapted somewhat to your situation:
networks:
VPN:
driver: macvlan
enable_ipv6: true # if needed
driver_opts:
parent: eth0
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.168.0.0/24
gateway: 192.168.0.1
ip_range: 192.168.0.8/30 # reserve some IP addresses for other machines
# in that subnet - adjust as needed
- subnet: xx:xx:xx:xx::/63 # put your IPv6 subnet here if needed
gateway: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx::xx # IPv6 (external) of your router
Alternatively, you could change your new router config to match the old one, and leave your macvlan VPN as is.

How to get all ip addresses on a docker network?

I have containers running in a swarm stack of services (on different docker-machines each) connected together on an overlay docker network.
How would it be possible to get all used ip adresses on the network associated with their services or container name from inside a container on this network?
Thank you
If you want to execute this command from inside containers, first you have to mount docker.sock for each service (assuming that docker is installed in the container)
volumes:
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
then in each container you have to install jq and after that you can simply run docker network inspect <network_name_here> | jq -r 'map(.Containers[].IPv4Address) []' expected output something like:
172.21.0.2/16
172.21.0.5/16
172.21.0.4/16
172.21.0.3/16
Find the name OR ID of overlay network -
$ docker network ls | grep overlay
Do a inspect -
docker inspect $NETWORK_NAME
You will be able to find the container names & IPs allocated to them. You can do a fetch/grep the required values from the inspect output. You will find the output something as below -
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.23.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.23.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": true,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {
"183584efd63af145490a9afb61eac5db994391ae94467b32086f1ece84ec0114": {
"Name": "emailparser_lr_1",
"EndpointID": "0a9d0958caf0fa454eb7dbe1568105bfaf1813471d466e10030db3f025121dd7",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:17:00:04",
"IPv4Address": "172.23.0.4/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"576cb03e753a987eb3f51a36d4113ffb60432937a2313873b8608c51006ae832": {
"Name": "emailparser",
"EndpointID": "833b5c940d547437c4c3e81493b8742b76a3b8644be86af92e5cdf90a7bb23bd",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:17:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "172.23.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
Assuming you're using the default VIP endpoint, you can use DNS to resolve the IP's of a service. Here's an example of using dig to get VIP IP using and then get the individual container IP's behind that VIP using tasks.
docker network create --driver overlay --attachable sweet
docker service create --name nginx --replicas=5 --network sweet nginx
docker container run --network sweet -it bretfisher/netshoot dig nginx
~~~
;; ANSWER SECTION:
nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.3
~~~
docker container run --network sweet -it bretfisher/netshoot dig tasks.nginx
~~~
;; ANSWER SECTION:
tasks.nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.5
tasks.nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.8
tasks.nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.7
tasks.nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.6
tasks.nginx. 600 IN A 10.0.0.4
~~~
for n in `docker network ls | awk '!/NETWORK/ {print $1}'`; do docker network inspect $n; done
First, find the name of the network which your swarm is using.
Then run docker network inspect <NETWORK-NAME>. This will give you a JSON output, in which you'll find an object with key "Containers". This object reveals all the containers in the network and their IP addresses respectively.

docker 1.12 swarm mode: how to connect to another container on overlay network and how to use loadbalance?

I used docker-machine on mac os. and create the swarm mode cluster like:
➜ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox docker1
➜ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox docker2
➜ docker-machine create --driver virtualbox docker3
➜ config docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
docker1 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v1.12.0-rc4
docker2 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 v1.12.0-rc4
docker3 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.102:2376 v1.12.0-rc4
➜ config docker-machine ssh docker1
docker#docker1:~$ docker swarm init
No --secret provided. Generated random secret:
b0wcyub7lbp8574mk1oknvavq
Swarm initialized: current node (8txt830ivgrxxngddtx7k4xe4) is now a manager.
To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:
docker swarm join --secret b0wcyub7lbp8574mk1oknvavq \
--ca-hash sha256:e06f5213f5c67a708b2fa5b819f441fce8006df41d588ad7823e5d0d94f15f02 \
10.0.2.15:2377
# on host docker2 and host docker3, I run cammand to join the cluster:
docker#docker2:~$ docker swarm join --secret b0wcyub7lbp8574mk1oknvavq --ca-hash sha256:e06f5213f5c67a708b2fa5b819f441fce8006df41d588ad7823e5d0d94f15f02 192.1
68.99.100:2377
This node joined a Swarm as a worker.
docker#docker3:~$ docker swarm join --secret b0wcyub7lbp8574mk1oknvavq --ca-hash sha256:e06f5213f5c67a708b2fa5b819f441fce8006df41d588ad7823e5d0d94f15f02 192.1
68.99.100:2377
This node joined a Swarm as a worker.
# on docker1:
docker#docker1:~$ docker node ls
ID HOSTNAME MEMBERSHIP STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS
8txt830ivgrxxngddtx7k4xe4 * docker1 Accepted Ready Active Leader
9fliuzb9zl5jcqzqucy9wfl4y docker2 Accepted Ready Active
c4x8rbnferjvr33ff8gh4c6cr docker3 Accepted Ready Active
then I create the network mynet with overlay driver on docker1.
The first question: but I cann`t see the network on other docker hosts:
docker#docker1:~$ docker network create --driver overlay mynet
a1v8i656el5d3r45k985cn44e
docker#docker1:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
5ec55ffde8e4 bridge bridge local
83967a11e3dd docker_gwbridge bridge local
7f856c9040b3 host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
a1v8i656el5d mynet overlay swarm
829a614aa278 none null local
docker#docker2:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
da07b3913bd4 bridge bridge local
7a2e627634b9 docker_gwbridge bridge local
e8971c2b5b21 host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
c37de5447a14 none null local
docker#docker3:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
06eb8f0bad11 bridge bridge local
fb5e3bcae41c docker_gwbridge bridge local
e167d97cd07f host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
6540ece8e146 none null local
the I create the nginx service which echo the default hostname on index page on docker1:
docker#docker1:~$ docker service create --name nginx --network mynet --replicas 1 -p 80:80 dhub.yunpro.cn/shenshouer/nginx:hostname
9d7xxa8ukzo7209r30f0rmcut
docker#docker1:~$ docker service tasks nginx
ID NAME SERVICE IMAGE LAST STATE DESIRED STATE NODE
0dvgh9xfwz7301jmsh8yc5zpe nginx.1 nginx dhub.yunpro.cn/shenshouer/nginx:hostname Running 12 seconds ago Running docker3
The second question: I cann`t access from the IP of docker1 host to the service. I only get the response to access the IP of docker3 .
➜ tools curl 192.168.99.100
curl: (52) Empty reply from server
➜ tools curl 192.168.99.102
fda9fb58f9d4
So I think there have no loadbalance. How do I to use the build-in loadbalance ?
Then I create another service on the same network with busybox image to test ping :
docker#docker1:~$ docker service create --name busybox --network mynet --replicas 1 busybox sleep 3000
akxvabx66ebjlak77zj6x1w4h
docker#docker1:~$ docker service tasks busybox
ID NAME SERVICE IMAGE LAST STATE DESIRED STATE NODE
9yc3svckv98xtmv1d0tvoxbeu busybox.1 busybox busybox Running 11 seconds ago Running docke1
# on host docker3. I got the container name and the container IP to ping test:
docker#docker3:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fda9fb58f9d4 dhub.yunpro.cn/shenshouer/nginx:hostname "sh -c /entrypoint.sh" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp nginx.1.0dvgh9xfwz7301jmsh8yc5zpe
docker#docker3:~$ docker inspect fda9fb58f9d4
...
"Networks": {
"ingress": {
"IPAMConfig": {
"IPv4Address": "10.255.0.7"
},
"Links": null,
"Aliases": [
"fda9fb58f9d4"
],
"NetworkID": "bpoqtk71o6qor8t2gyfs07yfc",
"EndpointID": "98c98a9cc0fcc71511f0345f6ce19cc9889e2958d9345e200b3634ac0a30edbb",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "10.255.0.7",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:ff:00:07"
},
"mynet": {
"IPAMConfig": {
"IPv4Address": "10.0.0.3"
},
"Links": null,
"Aliases": [
"fda9fb58f9d4"
],
"NetworkID": "a1v8i656el5d3r45k985cn44e",
"EndpointID": "5f3c5678d40b6a7a2495963c16a873c6a2ba14e94cf99d2aa3fa087b67a46cce",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "10.0.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 24,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:00:03"
}
}
}
}
]
# on host docker1 :
docker#docker1:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b94716e9252e busybox:latest "sleep 3000" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes busybox.1.9yc3svckv98xtmv1d0tvoxbeu
docker#docker1:~$ docker exec -it b94716e9252e ping nginx.1.0dvgh9xfwz7301jmsh8yc5zpe
ping: bad address 'nginx.1.0dvgh9xfwz7301jmsh8yc5zpe'
docker#docker1:~$ docker exec -it b94716e9252e ping 10.0.0.3
PING 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3): 56 data bytes
90 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
The third question: How to communicate with each container on the same network?
and the network mynet as:
docker#docker1:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
5ec55ffde8e4 bridge bridge local
83967a11e3dd docker_gwbridge bridge local
7f856c9040b3 host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
a1v8i656el5d mynet overlay swarm
829a614aa278 none null local
docker#docker1:~$ docker network inspect mynet
[
{
"Name": "mynet",
"Id": "a1v8i656el5d3r45k985cn44e",
"Scope": "swarm",
"Driver": "overlay",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "10.0.0.0/24",
"Gateway": "10.0.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Containers": {
"b94716e9252e6616f0f4c81e0c7ef674d7d5f4fafe931953fced9ef059faeb5f": {
"Name": "busybox.1.9yc3svckv98xtmv1d0tvoxbeu",
"EndpointID": "794be0e92b34547e44e9a5e697ab41ddd908a5db31d0d31d7833c746395534f5",
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:00:05",
"IPv4Address": "10.0.0.5/24",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.driver.overlay.vxlanid_list": "257"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]
docker#docker2:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
da07b3913bd4 bridge bridge local
7a2e627634b9 docker_gwbridge bridge local
e8971c2b5b21 host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
c37de5447a14 none null local
docker#docker3:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
06eb8f0bad11 bridge bridge local
fb5e3bcae41c docker_gwbridge bridge local
e167d97cd07f host host local
bpoqtk71o6qo ingress overlay swarm
a1v8i656el5d mynet overlay swarm
6540ece8e146 none null local
docker#docker3:~$ docker network inspect mynet
[
{
"Name": "mynet",
"Id": "a1v8i656el5d3r45k985cn44e",
"Scope": "swarm",
"Driver": "overlay",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": null,
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "10.0.0.0/24",
"Gateway": "10.0.0.1"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Containers": {
"fda9fb58f9d46317ef1df60e597bd14214ec3fac43e32f4b18a39bb92925aa7e": {
"Name": "nginx.1.0dvgh9xfwz7301jmsh8yc5zpe",
"EndpointID": "5f3c5678d40b6a7a2495963c16a873c6a2ba14e94cf99d2aa3fa087b67a46cce",
"MacAddress": "02:42:0a:00:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "10.0.0.3/24",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {
"com.docker.network.driver.overlay.vxlanid_list": "257"
},
"Labels": {}
}
]
So The fourth question: Is there have build-int kv store?
Question 1: the networks on other hosts are created on demand, when swarm allocate task on that host, the network will be created.
Question 2: The load balancing works out of box, there's maybe some problem with you docker swarm cluster. you need to check the iptables and ipvs rules
Question 3: containers on the same overlay network (mynet in your case) can talk with each other, and docker has a buildin dns server which can resolve container name to ip address
Question 4: yes they do.

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