I am working on an iOS application where the app is supposed to make a server request before going to background mode. I app should not wait for the response as that's not needed. The sole purpose of this request is that I need to keep the status of the app in my DB to know if the user is online/offline.
As the app goes to background, i make the server request and put the app into sleep mode by sleep(3) so that it can successfully finish the server call.
func applicationDidEnterBackground(_ application: UIApplication) {
//make a server call
sleep(3) //so that app can submit request to server before closing
}
This works fine but if I open the app again (comes to foreground) before that sleep time has been finished, the app does not respond to any kind of user inputs/taps. Even the applicationDidBecomeActive method does not get called. It waits for that sleep time to finish that I had set before.
How can I cancel the sleep mode when the app becomes active?
Don't use sleep. Instead, make your server request using a URLSession that is suitable for background processing:
let session = URLSession(configuration: .background(withIdentifier: "foo"))
Related
I am trying to build a sequential download manager where the user can initiate up to 1000 download tasks at once but only 2 will actually download and the rest will be put on hold, until one of the two finishes so that another one of the 998 can start.
Because there is no way to add a downloadTask then have that task wait for others to complete then automatically start, I have built a download queue myself and will only create new downloadTask when the old one completes.
I have read the documentations and am well aware of the mechanism of iOS's handling of background download event, and what methods I need to implement in order to handle them correctly. However, I am unable to find anything on whether it is safe and reliable to start a new downloadTask when the old one completes IN BACKGROUND.
The Main Question:
When iOS relaunches my app in background to inform me that my download tasks are finished, can I reliably create a new downloadTask and add it to the current session? If so, when that task finishes as well, will the system relaunch my app AGAIN to tell me it's finished? If so, then I can create an infinite loop of adding new tasks when the old backgroundTask finish.
Code Example
Would the following code reliable to get the entire download queue downloaded(say, 1000 items) if I download ONLY one item at a time and meanwhile the app stays entirely in background?
extension MyClass: URLSessionDelegate {
func urlSessionDidFinishEvents(forBackgroundURLSession session: URLSession) {
// This is called when background tasks are done
// Let's add a new background tasks WHILE app has just been
// relaunched IN BACKGROUND
if let nextURL = myURLQueue.removeFirst() {
session.downloadTask(with: URLRequest(url: nextURL))
}
DispatchQueue.main.async {
if let appDelegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as? AppDelegate,
let completionHandler = appDelegate.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler {
appDelegate.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler = nil
completionHandler()
}
}
}
}
You are creating the URLSessionDownloadTask, but never starting it with resume().
FWIW, even if you fix the above, you should recognize that requests that are submitted while the app is running in background mode will always be submitted in discretionary mode. As the docs for isDiscretionary say:
For transfers started while your app is in the background, the system always starts transfers at its discretion—in other words, the system assumes this property is true and ignores any value you specified.
Also, recognize that having the system fire up your app every time a request is done in order to submit the next request is both inefficient (because your app will constantly fire up and go back into background) and slow (because concurrent requests reduce latency effects). It’s generally better to just submit all of the requests up front, while the app is active, and let the background session manage how many it will allow to run concurrently.
I use URLSessions to do my network calls and it always fails when I put my app to background state.
When I bring the app to foreground state, the URLSession give URLResponse as nil.
How can I make it work in background state?
You can get URLSession to work in background state if you configure session for background download or upload. But if you use session for regular backend API call, best that you can do is to repeat call after application enter foreground again.
I have been using NSURLSession to do background uploading to AWS S3. Something like this:
NSURLSessionConfiguration* configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier:#“some.identifier"];
NSURLSession* session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:configuration delegate:someDelegate delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
NSURLSessionUploadTask* task = [session uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:httpBody]];
[task resume];
In someDelegate, I have implemented didSendBodyData, didCompleteWithError and handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession.
I have three questions:
I have noticed that if I close the app while uploading is in progress, transfer will continue and successfully finish. Is handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession called when the transfer is finished while the app is closed?
Assuming that the answer to the first question is yes, how can I delete httpBody in handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession? This is a temporary file that is not needed once transfer is complete.
I would appreciate it if someone explained, in detail, how background transfer works in iOS. That is when memory is created, which callbacks are called at which states and how the app is woken up once the transfer is completed. Thanks.
When the app delegate's handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession is called, you should:
save the completion handler;
instantiate your background NSURLSession;
let all of your delegate methods to be called;
in your URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError:, you can remove those temp files; and
in URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:, you can call that saved completion handler.
A few additional notes:
There seems to be some confusion about what happens when an app is terminated.
If the app is terminated in the course of its normal lifecycle, the URLSession daemon will keep the background requests going, finishing your uploads, and then wake up your app when it's done.
But manually force-quitting the app (e.g., double tapping on home button, swiping up on the app to force it to quit) is a completely different thing (effectively, the user is saying "stop this app and everything associated with it"). That will stop background sessions. So, yes, background sessions will continue after the app is terminated, but, no, not if the user force-quit the app.
You talk about setting breakpoints and observing this in Xcode. You should be aware that the process of being attached to Xcode will interfere with the normal app life cycle (it keeps it running in background, preventing it from being suspended or, during the normal course of events, terminating).
But when testing background session related code, it's critical to be test the handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession workflow when your app was terminated, so to that end, I'd suggest not using Xcode debugger when testing this dimension of background sessions.
I use the new OSLog unified logging system, because the macOS Console can watch what is logged by the app, while not having Xcode running at all. Then I can write code that starts some download or upload, terminates app and then watch the logging statements I have inserted in order to observe the restarting of the app in background via the macOS console. See Unified Logging and Activity Tracing video for a tutorial of how to watch iOS logs from the macOS Console.
I have some misunderstanding in using NSURLSession framework, that's why I decided to write small app from scratch without AFFramework/Alamofire.
I have an API that requires following steps to upload file:
POST file data
Get response (JSON)
Post some json fields to api/save
I have a background session with such config:
let configuration = NSURLSessionConfiguration.backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier("myBackground")
let session = NSURLSession(configuration: configuration, delegate: self, delegateQueue: nil)
I've implemented 2 methods:
func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, dataTask: NSURLSessionDataTask, didReceiveData data: NSData)
where I aggregate all data
and
func URLSession(session: NSURLSession, task: NSURLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: NSError?)
where I tranform this data to response object. This response object if VERY important for me.
Everything works fine, while app is in foreground, but I have problems in background.
Case 1
App crashed right after I've started to upload data. According to WWDC I need to implement
func application(application: UIApplication, handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession identifier: String, completionHandler: () -> Void)
and call this handler in didCompleteWithError method. But before calling this method I need to call api/save with data from upload response.
How can I get this data?
Case 2
Mostly similar case. User stops app while upload is in progress. Than loads app in few seconds, while session works with my task. Now session calls didReceiveData, but of course, some of data is missing. What should I do in such case? How to restore response data?
You don't mention implementing URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession (a NSURLSessionDelegate method). You really want to implement that, too. The basic process is:
In app delegate's handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession, you should:
start the background NSURLSession (which will start receiving delegate method calls associated with all of the uploads); and
save the completion handler (but do not call it, yet).
Then, in URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession (when you're done processing all of the responses), you call the completion handler you saved in handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession. (Make sure to dispatch that to the main queue.)
If you're doing all of that, when the background session is restarted, the didReceiveData calls will come in with the responses to your various uploads.
I just did a quick test, uploading five 20mb images and immediately terminating the app. Then, even though the app wasn't running, I watched the five files slowly show up on my server (obviously handled by the daemon process). When all five were done, by app was transparently restarted in the background, the handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession was called (which restarted the session), it let all of the didReceiveData calls quickly get called, and when that was done, URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession was called and my app only then called the saved completion handler.
In terms of why this isn't working for you, there's not enough to diagnose the problem. Possibilities include:
Maybe you terminated the app inappropriately. You can't kill the app by double tapping the home button and terminating the app there; you have to let it naturally terminate on it's own, or for diagnostic/testing purposes, I force it to terminate by calling exit(0) in code.
Maybe you didn't restart the session when handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession was called.
Maybe you called the supplied completion handler too soon (i.e. before URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession was called).
It's hard to say, but I suspect that there's something buried inside your implementation that isn't quite right and it's hard to say what it is on the basis of the information provided (assuming it isn't one of the above points). Unfortunately, debugging this background sessions is vexingly complicated because when the app terminates, it is no longer attached to the debugger, so you can't easily debug what happens after the app is restarted automatically by iOS). Personally, I either NSLog messages and just watch the device console (as well as watching what appears on the server), or I build some persistent logging mechanism into the app itself.
For testing Background session code it is recommended to test on a real device. When writing an app that uses NSURLSession’s background session support, it’s easy to get confused by three non-obvious artifacts of the development process:
When you run your app from Xcode, Xcode installs the app in a new container, meaning that the path to your app changes. This can confuse NSURLSession’s background session support.
Note: This problem was fixed in iOS 9; if you encounter a problem with NSURLSession not handling a container path change in iOS 9 or later, please file a bug.
Xcode’s debugging prevents the system from suspending your app. So, if you run your app from Xcode, or you attach to the process some time after launch, and then move your app into the background, your app will continue executing in situations where the system would otherwise have suspended it.
Similarly, the iOS Simulator does not accurately simulate app suspend and resume; this has worked in the past but it does not work in the iOS 8 or iOS 9 simulators.
Source: Apple Developer Forum
I'm working on an iOS app which makes use of the location background mode to track user visits and then sends some data over to my server. However, I have been experiencing some weird network communication problems. The only symptom is that not all gathered data gets sent to the server.
Here is more information on the problem:
My server makes logs of everything received. There were no server-side errors and every client request was successfully logged.
The client app creates a local notification when the locationManager:didVisit: method is called. This notification appears as expected when you arrive and depart at some location. Then, it calls the server over HTTPS and posts another notification, which doesn't appear every time. The whole setup looks like this:
// This code is executed from locationManager:didVisit: when the app is in background.
let myVisit: CLVisit! = ... // the received visit
self.postLocalNotification("Visit received!", visit: myVisit)
let task = UIApplication.sharedApplication().beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler(nil)
Alamofire.request(.POST, apiMethod("visit"), parameters: params, encoding: .JSON)
.responseJSON { (request, response, JSON, error) in
// This gets executed only some time, wtf?
self.postLocalNotification("Visit reported!", visit: myVisit)
UIApplication.sharedApplication().endBackgroundTask(task)
}
Therefore, I conclude I'm doing something wrong, yet I don't see what. I have checked the article on background app execution and my app seems to comply with it. What else could I be missing?
Is your app in registered to support background mode?
Since you receive location updates, your app should qualify to be set to run in background mode. Set the "Required background mode" in your plist file.
That will let it fully run in the background and you can get rid of the beginBackgroundTask lines.
The beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler methods are typically used to request a little extra time for a current task to be completed provided that your app is in the foreground and it moves to the background in the middle of a task. To me it sounds like you want to run in full background mode.
With that said, you should still detected that your program is backgrounded and avoid running unneeded cpu intensive tasks to save battery life.