Swift URL appendingPathComponent converts `?` to `%3F` - ios

Question

let url = URL(string: "https://example.com")
let path = "/somePath?"
let urlWithPath = url?.appendingPathComponent(path)
After appending, the path /somePath? becomes somePath%3F.
The ? becomes a %3F. Question Mark is replaced with the percent-encoded escape characters.
The URL does output correctly if I use:
let urlFormString = URL(string:"https://example.com/somePath?")
Why does appendingPathComponent convert ? to %3F?
How can I use appendingPathComponent if the path component contains a question mark?

Answer 1

The generic format of URL is the following:
scheme:[//[userinfo#]host[:port]]path[?query][#fragment]
The thing you have to realize is that the ? is not part of the path. It is a separator between path and query.
If you try to add ? to path, it must be URL-encoded because ? is not a valid character for a path component.
The best solution would be to drop ? from path. It has no meaning there. However, if you have a partial URL which you want to append to a base URL, then you should join them as strings:
let url = URL(string: "https://example.com")
let path = "/somePath?"
let urlWithPath = url.flatMap { URL(string: $0.absoluteString + path) }
In short, appendingPathComponent is not a function that should be used to append URL query.

Answer 2

You should use removingPercentEncoding on URL's absoluteString,
let url = URL(string: "https://example.com")
let path = "/somePath?"
let urlWithPath = url?.appendingPathComponent(path).absoluteString.removingPercentEncoding
print(urlWithPath!)

Answer 3

%3F stands for ?, according to URL Encoding. So if you create an URL - it has to be that way. If, for some reason, you need your ?, create a string, not URL.
Check urlWithPath.lastPathComponent to see that everything is all right (prints: "somePath?")

Answer 4

First of all it is not a problem. this is a mechanism called URL encoding, for translating unprintable or special characters to a universally accepted format by web servers and browsers.
For more information you can go to https://www.techopedia.com/definition/10346/url-encoding
URL encoded chars, https://www.degraeve.com/reference/urlencoding.php

Answer 5

When you convert the string to URL, It'll be doing PercentEncoding in URL. So that your ? has been encoded into %3F.
If you want the url as string with ?, you can remove the PercentEncoding as like below code.
let urlString = urlWithPath?.absoluteString.removingPercentEncoding
Output: https://example.com/somePath?

Answer 6

Instead of URL can use URLComponents:
var url = URLComponents()
Set the scheme, host and path:
url.scheme = "https"
url.host = "example.com"
url.path = "/somePath"
Set the query as empty string and ? is added since it is a separator between path and query:
url.query = ""
// url.queryItems = [URLQueryItem(name: "nameN", value: "valueX")]
Prints: https://example.com/somePath?
print(url)

Answer 7

You can build your url using NSString class:
let urlStr = "https://example.com" as NSString
let path = "/somePath?"
let urlStrWithPath = urlStr.appendingPathComponent(path)
let url = URL(string: urlStrWithPath)
This way, special characters are not url-encoded in the final url.