I add UIViews dynamically in code. There are a lot of views I want to add. Here is one for example:
let typeImage = UIImageView()
typeImage.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
rootView.addSubview(typeImage)
typeImage.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 28).isActive = true
typeImage.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 28).isActive = true
typeImage.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: rootView.leftAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
typeImage.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: rootView.topAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
typeImage.backgroundColor = gh.myRed
typeImage.image = UIImage(named: "ic_question_bej")
I want to count sum of all elements that I add and finally set this counted value to my root view height. The problem is that
typeImage.frame.size.height
typeImage.bounds.size.height
always return 0.0
So how can I get height in CGFloat of newly added UIView via code?
Maybe I should set height of rootview to wrap all my subview in another way?
Edit
Xcode loads view with some delay and if you will try to get view size immediately after adding it to parent you will get 0.0 sizes.
You have to call yourCustomView.layoutIfNeeded() before cheking sizes.
Thanks Chenjtc for right Answer.
you can add the code like this:
typeImage.layoutIfNeeded()
before the code :
typeImage.frame.size.height
typeImage.bounds.size.height
constraint will not layout immediately, you should use layoutIfNeeded to layout the view, then you can get th frame
If you want the sum of multiple views height in CGFloat you can do it like this :
let viewHeight = self.view.frame.height //this in CGFloat
let sumHeight = viewHeight + ... other UIViews
print(sumHeight) // 568.0 for iPhone SE
or if you want to set your new UIView height you can do it by changing :
typeImage.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 28).isActive = true
//
To :
typeImage.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.heightAnchor, multiplier: 1).isActive = true
Related
I created a block to add UISlider programmatically to have total control of the design. How ever it displays on the thumb image without showing the tract. I will appreciate if anyone could help me resolve the problem.
thank you.
let ageSlider: UISlider = {
let ageS = UISlider(frame:CGRect(x: 10, y: 100, width: 300, height: 20))
ageS.minimumValue = 0
ageS.maximumValue = 60
ageS.value = 24
ageS.tintColor = .green
ageS.isContinuous = true
print("creating age slider")
//ageS.maximumTrackTintColor = UIColor.trackStrokeColor
//ageS.minimumTrackTintColor = UIColor.pulsatingFillColor
ageS.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
return ageS
}()
You need to add a width constraint to your slider object:
// add age slider constraints to age view. ageView is the container of the ageSlider
// center ageSlider both horizontally and vertically
ageSlider.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: ageView.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
ageSlider.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: ageView.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
// constrain ageSlider width to 90% of ageView width
ageSlider.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: ageView.widthAnchor, multiplier: 0.9).isActive = true
Don't set translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints to false if you want to manually set the frame of the UI component.
Either set it to true:
ageS.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = true
or just comment that line.
If you want the size to not be static, and change when the phone orientation changes, or when the frame of the superview changes, ..., then use constraints. In your case, you are missing the width constraint.
I'm creating a view programmatically and need to set constraints between two labels. I recently just discovered NSLayoutAnchor and feel it would be a good choice to use it but I'm unsure how to create constraints between two different things (ie labels, imageViews, etc). I know a general setup will look something like this:
let codedLabel:UILabel = UILabel()
codedLabel.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 100, width: 200, height: 200)
codedLabel.textAlignment = .center
codedLabel.text = alertText
codedLabel.numberOfLines=1
codedLabel.textColor=UIColor.red
codedLabel.font=UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 22)
codedLabel.backgroundColor=UIColor.lightGray
self.contentView.addSubview(codedLabel)
codedLabel.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
codedLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200).isActive = true
codedLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200).isActive = true
codedLabel.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: codedLabel.superview!.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
codedLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: codedLabel.superview!.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
How would you set up constraints in between two labels?
Let's say you have two UIViews you wish to lay out horizontally in one of two ways:
View #1 is 20 points from the leading edge of the superview's margin or safe area and View #2 is another 20 points from view #1. (Think of a left-justified row of buttons.)
Both views are to be centered, with equal spacing before/between/after each view. (Think of two buttons spaced equally apart and centered.)
For example #1 the code would be:
// #1
let view1 = UIView()
view1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(view1)
let view2 = UIView()
view2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(view2)
// #2
let margins = view.layoutMarginsGuide
view.addLayoutGuide(margins)
view1.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.leadingAnchor, constant: 20).isActive = true
// #3
view2.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view1.trailingAnchor, constant: 20).isActive = true
// #4
view1.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
view2.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
Comment #1: Note that you do not need to give each view a frame, but you do need to set the auto-resizing mask to false. This is a mistake many new coders forget.
Comment #2: All UIViewController main views have a layoutMarginGuide that yield standard margins both vertically and horizontally (and in iOS 11, particularly for iPhone X, there is a new safeAreaLayoutGuide for vertical alignment). I've set the leading edge of view1 to be the leading edge of the margin with an additional constant of 20 points from it.
Comment #3: Just like I related view1 to the margin, I'm relating view2 to view1, but this time the leading edge ofview2is 20 points from theview1` trailing edge.
Comment #4: The last thing you need to do for horizontal placement is to give each view a width. In this case I wanted both to be 100 points.
Example #2 pretty much uses the same code as example #1, so I'll note the key differences only:
let view1 = UIView()
view1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(view1)
let view2 = UIView()
view2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(view2)
let margins = view.layoutMarginsGuide
view.addLayoutGuide(margins)
// #1
let spacer1 = UILayoutGuide()
view.addLayoutGuide(spacer1)
let spacer2 = UILayoutGuide()
view.addLayoutGuide(spacer2)
let spacer3 = UILayoutGuide()
view.addLayoutGuide(spacer3)
// #2
spacer.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
view1.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: spacer1.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
spacer2.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view1.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
view2.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: spacer2.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
spacer3.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view2.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
spacer3.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
// #3
view1.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
view2.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 100).isActive = true
spacer1.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: spacer2.widthAnchor).isActive = true
spacer2.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: spacer3.widthAnchor).isActive = true
Comment #1: In iOS 9 Apple introduced the concept of UILayoutGuides. Before this, to create "spacers" you had to actually create an invisible UIView and add it as a subview (with all the overhead associated with it). Layout guides "act" like views but do not have that overhead.
Comment #2: The horizontal sequence if "margin...spacer1...view1...spacer2...view2...spacer3...margin". Note that I'm not using any constants, as I wish to let the layout engine give equal spacing.
Comment #3: While I am giving width values for both views, I am not with the spacers. Instead, I am declaring their widths to be equal.
Please note that I've only worked with horizontal constraints. For auto layout to work, you also need to declare vertical constraints too. Most of the concepts are the same... instead of leading/trailing, centerX, and width anchors you have top/bottom, centerY, and height ones. BUT! Starting with iOS 11 you now have a safeAreaLayoutGuide that you should be using instead of layoutMarginsGuide. This only applies to vertical! That's why I separated things. Here's the code I use to work with vertical alignment:
let layoutGuideTop = UILayoutGuide()
let layoutGuideBottom = UILayoutGuide()
view.addLayoutGuide(layoutGuideTop)
view.addLayoutGuide(layoutGuideBottom)
if #available(iOS 11, *) {
let guide = view.safeAreaLayoutGuide
layoutGuideTop.topAnchor.constraintEqualToSystemSpacingBelow(guide.topAnchor, multiplier: 1.0).isActive = true
layoutGuideBottom.bottomAnchor.constraintEqualToSystemSpacingBelow(guide.bottomAnchor, multiplier: 1.0).isActive = true
} else {
layoutGuideTop.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topLayoutGuide.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
layoutGuideBottom.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomLayoutGuide.topAnchor).isActive = true
}
Now you have layoutGuideTop and layoutGuideBottom that should work regardless of what iOS version is running.
I am currently trying to access the height of a view which I previously set anchors for. So for example, I set the left, right, top, and bottom anchors of searchTable using the following in my ViewController:
searchTable.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor).isActive = true
searchTable.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor).isActive = true
searchTable.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.widthAnchor).isActive = true
searchTable.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: menuBar.topAnchor).isActive = true
searchTable is an object of a class that I created that inherits from UIView and has a UIImageView in it. I constrain the UIImageView by using the following in the init function:
imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topContainer.topAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
imageView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topContainer.leftAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.heightAnchor, multiplier: topContainerMultiplier * imageProfileMultiplier).isActive = true
imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.heightAnchor, multiplier: topContainerMultiplier * imageProfileMultiplier).isActive = true
where:
let topContainerMultipler: Double = 1 / 7
let imageProfileMultipler: Double = 1 / 5
Inside the init function of searchTable, I try want to be able to set the corner radius to be half the image size. I tried to use self.frame.height, self.frame.size.height, self.bounds.height and also getting the .constant value of the self.heightAnchor constraint, but all returns 0.
I would think that there is a solution to get around this, but I haven't been able to find it.
You are querying the height of your view's frame after defining your constraints, but before layout has actually resolved those constraints into a frame rectangle. One approach would be to call layoutIfNeeded to force layout to happen immediately, then use view.frame.size.height. The init method is probably not an appropriate place to do this, as opposed to perhaps inside viewDidLoad on the controller. Or you might do this in viewDidLayoutSubviews to recalculate the corner radius every time your view's layout is updated (in which case you won't need layoutIfNeeded).
Don't use a height constraint if you already use top, bottom, leading, and trailing.
Try to visually debug your view by adding a background color, or using the debug view hierarchy button.
To get the height of a view you should use view.frame.size.height
EDIT (OP question edited)
Your problem is that you try to access the object height when it's just initialized but not displayed yet. You should create a function that update your UI and call it after your view is loaded.
I have a UIView in my swift code
let profile_inf_wrapper: UIView = {
let v = UIView()
v.backgroundColor = .red
v.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
return v
}()
profile_inf_wrapper.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, constant:64).isActive = true
profile_inf_wrapper.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor).isActive = true
profile_inf_wrapper.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.rightAnchor).isActive = true
profile_inf_wrapper.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: view.frame.height/4).isActive = true
backgroundImageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.topAnchor).isActive = true
backgroundImageView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.leftAnchor).isActive = true
backgroundImageView.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.rightAnchor).isActive = true
backgroundImageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
profileImage.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
profileImage.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor, constant:25).isActive = true
profileImage.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 110).isActive = true
profileImage.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 110).isActive = true
usernameLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profile_inf_wrapper.topAnchor, constant:40).isActive = true
usernameLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImage.rightAnchor, constant:20).isActive = true
countryIcon.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: usernameLabel.bottomAnchor, constant:10).isActive = true
countryIcon.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImage.rightAnchor, constant:20).isActive = true
countryIcon.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 25).isActive = true
countryIcon.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 25 ).isActive = true
countryName.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: usernameLabel.bottomAnchor, constant:5).isActive = true
countryName.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: countryIcon.rightAnchor, constant:10).isActive = true
countryName.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.rightAnchor).isActive = true
All these elements are the subviews of profile_inf_wrapper.Sometimes view.frame.height/4 is too small and i want to be able to resize the UIView based on it's content
There's a property in UIView called intrinsicContentSize. It returns the smallest size that the view would need show all of it's content.
While the default implementation is not very useful because a UIView doesn't have any content on it's own, all of the default subclasses implement it.
A UILabel will return a size that fits the text perfectly, and a UIButton will return a size that fits it's contents plus whatever spacing you've added. You get the gist of it.
You can take advantage of this property by only constraining either width or height of a view, not both. If you constrain the width of a UILabel and add more text, it will grow vertically.
Finally, when you add subviews to a UIView, and you add constraints to both margins of an axis (top and bottom or left and right), as long as there's a "chain" of constraints and views, and the view doesn't have any constraints on the size, it will expand to fit.
For example, if you have a view with a label and a button, vertically arranged, if the label is constrained to the top, then constrained to the button, and the button is constrained to the bottom, as long as the container view doesn't have a height constraint, it will expand to fit the two views plus the margins perfectly.
Your goal should always be to use the least amount of constraints to express your design, without removing useful constraints. Make sure you take advantage of the intrinsicContentSize.
For setting the height of uiview dynamically you have to add height/bottom constraint to the view in your problem it might be
profile_inf_wrapper.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: view.frame.height/4+countryName.frame.size.height).isActive = true
you also need the view size to fit to get actual updated size
like
countryName.sizeToFit()
And then update layout if needed to get all affect
The first thing you want to do is make a reference to the height constraint of profile_inf_wrapper.
var profile_inf_wrapper_height_constraint: NSLayoutConstraint?
I don't know the details of your content, but when the view needs resized, you can check that with a conditional in your viewController,
if contentRequiresResizing {
profile_inf_wrapper_height_constraint.constant = view.frame.width/3
else {
profile_inf_wrapper_height_constraint.constant = view.frame.width/4
}
By referencing constraints, it allows you to support dynamic UI changes easily.
As a side note, I would recommend renaming your UIView variable name so that the reference constraint isn't so long. The Swift 3 API guidelines also support lowerCamelCase, as opposed to underscore naming.
so as you will see below I have a scrollview and I want to add it the the UIViewControllers root view. When I have it constrained to the top, right, bottom, and left I expect to see the red color take up the whole screen. This obviously works, but I want to add a subview to the scrollview that will wrap all the child views. How would I go about doing that?
I have added the view and I have set the same constraints except this time they are set from the wrapper view to the bounds of the UIScrollView, and the blue background color doesn't show anywhere. Also feel free to point out if this is a bad idea, but I thought I could just have it be constrained to the bottom and it will automatically extend the scrollviews content size as needed. This seems to work when I had all the subviews in the scrollview without a wrapper and the last view would extend the content size.
scrollView = UIScrollView(frame: view.bounds)
scrollView?.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = true
scrollView?.backgroundColor = .red
scrollView?.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
view.addSubview(scrollView!)
scrollView?.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor).isActive = true
scrollView?.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor).isActive = true
scrollView?.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.rightAnchor).isActive = true
scrollView?.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
//setup wrapper view
let subviewWrapper = UIView()
subviewWrapper.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
scrollView?.addSubview(subviewWrapper)
subviewWrapper.backgroundColor = .blue
subviewWrapper.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (scrollView?.topAnchor)!).isActive = true
subviewWrapper.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (scrollView?.leftAnchor)!).isActive = true
subviewWrapper.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (scrollView?.rightAnchor)!).isActive = true
subviewWrapper.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (scrollView?.bottomAnchor)!).isActive = true
Actually this is a very good idea. I always set up my scrollViews this way. I usually call the view contentView, but it is the same idea.
You're almost there. You haven't yet given Auto Layout anything to go on to figure out the size of your subviewWrapper. The constraints you've set so far pin the subviewWrapper to the edges of the scrollView's content area, but this just establishes the fact that as the subviewWrapper grows, the content size of the scrollView will expand. Currently your subviewWrapper has 0 width and 0 height which is why you see no blue.
Below are 3 examples of how you might establish the size of your subviewWrapper.
Note: Each of the following examples is completely independent. Look at each one separately and as you try them, remember to delete the constraints added by the previous example.
Example 1: Make subviewWrapper 1000 x 1000:
Set constraints to make your subviewWrapper 1000 x 1000 and you will see the blue and it will scroll in both directions.
subviewWrapper.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 1000).isActive = true
subviewWrapper.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 1000).isActive = true
Example 2: Vertical only scrolling with content size 2X of scrollView height:
If you set the width of your subviewWrapper to be equal to the width of the scrollView then it will only scroll vertically. If you set the height of subviewWrapper to 2X the height of scrollView, then your blue area will be twice the height of the scrollView.
subviewWrapper.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: scrollView!.widthAnchor, multiplier: 1.0).isActive = true
subviewWrapper.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: scrollView!.heightAnchor, multiplier: 2.0).isActive = true
Example 3: Size of subviewWrapper set by its subviews:
You can also establish the size of your subviewWrapper by adding subviews to it that are fully specified in size and connected in a chain from the top of subviewWrapper to the bottom, and from side to side. If you do this, Auto Layout will have enough information to compute the size of your subviewWrapper
In this example, I've added a yellow 600 x 600 square to the subviewWrapper and set it 100 points from each edge. Without having explicitly set a size for subviewWrapper, Auto Layout can figure out that it is 800 x 800.
let yellowSquare = UIView()
yellowSquare.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
yellowSquare.backgroundColor = .yellow
subviewWrapper.addSubview(yellowSquare)
yellowSquare.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 600).isActive = true
yellowSquare.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 600).isActive = true
yellowSquare.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: subviewWrapper.topAnchor, constant: 100).isActive = true
yellowSquare.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: subviewWrapper.leadingAnchor, constant: 100).isActive = true
yellowSquare.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: subviewWrapper.trailingAnchor, constant: -100).isActive = true
yellowSquare.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: subviewWrapper.bottomAnchor, constant: -100).isActive = true