Highlight a path in a grid - lua

In my grid-based game, The player clicks on a unit then he moves his finger to determine where this unit should move. I'm using the "Jumper" library for the pathfinding. The code for getting the path works perfectly, but the code for highlighting the path, not so much.
local function onTileTouch( event )
local phase = event.phase
local tile = event.target
if ( phase == "began" ) then
-- I could create the line here
elseif ( phase == "moved" ) then
createPath( tile )
-- Getting the position of the first tile based on where the unit is
local t = tiles[currentSelectedUnit.pos.y][currentSelectedUnit.pos.x]
-- Create the line at the first tile's position
line = display.newLine( t.x, t.y, t.x, t.y )
line:setStrokeColor( 1,0,0 )
line.strokeWidth = 8
-- "foundPath" is a table of tiles of the correct path
for i=1,#foundPath do
line:append( foundPath[i].x,foundPath[i].y )
end
elseif ( phase == "ended" or phase == "cancelled" ) then
end
The line doesn't look right when being created in the "moved" phase. It does, however, look very accurate when being created in the "began" phase and then getting appended during the "moved" phase. But in this case, another extra line gets drawn that doesn't follow the path but gets directly from the start tile to the end tile.
My second problem with the "began" phase method, is I don't know how to keep deleting the old line and create a new one with for the new correct path.
Let me know if any extra information is needed.

I'm not sure what exactly you want so I have prepared my own version:
test.lua
local composer = require( 'composer' )
-- Library setup
local Grid = require ( 'jumper.grid' ) -- The grid class
local Pathfinder = require ( 'jumper.pathfinder' ) -- The pathfinder lass
local scene = composer.newScene()
-- First, set a collision map and value for walkable tiles
local board = {
tiles = {},
walkable = 0,
map = {
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0},
}
}
local function createPath( startx, starty, endx, endy )
-- Creates a grid object
local grid = Grid( board.map )
-- Creates a pathfinder object using Jump Point Search
local myFinder = Pathfinder( grid, 'JPS', board.walkable )
-- Calculates the path, and its length
local path = myFinder:getPath( startx, starty, endx, endy )
return path
end
function scene:create( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local rowNum = #board.map
local colNum = #board.map[1]
local width = 40
local height = width
local margin = 5
local function touch( self, event )
local phase = event.phase
local endTile = event.target
if ( phase == 'began' ) then
board.startTile = endTile
elseif ( phase == 'moved' ) then
if board.startTile ~= endTile then
if ( board.endTile ~= endTile ) then
board.endTile = endTile
local path = createPath( board.startTile.col, board.startTile.row, board.endTile.col, board.endTile.row )
if path then
-- Remove old lines
display.remove( board.lines )
board.lines = nil
-- Create new line
board.lines = display.newLine( sceneGroup, board.startTile.x, board.startTile.y, board.startTile.x, board.startTile.y + 1 )
for node, count in path:nodes() do
local id = colNum * ( node:getY() - 1 ) + node:getX()
local tile = board.tiles[id]
board.lines:append( tile.x, tile.y )
end
end
end
else
-- Remove old lines
display.remove( board.lines )
board.lines = nil
board.endTile = nil
end
elseif ( phase == 'ended' or phase == 'cancelled' ) then
-- Remove old lines
display.remove( board.lines )
board.lines = nil
board.endTile = nil
board.startTile = nil
end
end
for i=1, rowNum do
for j=1, colNum do
local tile = display.newRect( sceneGroup, (width + margin ) * j, ( height + margin ) * i, width, height )
tile.col = j
tile.row = i
tile.touch = touch
-- Add listener and change color for walkable tile
if board.map[i][j] == board.walkable then
tile:addEventListener( 'touch' )
tile:setFillColor( 0, 0.5, 0.5 )
end
local id = colNum * ( i -1 ) + j
board.tiles[id] = tile
end
end
end
function scene:show( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if phase == 'will' then
elseif phase == 'did' then
end
end
function scene:hide( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if event.phase == 'will' then
elseif phase == 'did' then
end
end
function scene:destroy( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
end
scene:addEventListener( 'create', scene )
scene:addEventListener( 'show', scene )
scene:addEventListener( 'hide', scene )
scene:addEventListener( 'destroy', scene )
return scene

Related

Attempt to call global (a nil value)

I'm trying to spawn asteroids in this game every few seconds. But whenever I run the game, I get an error that says
stack traceback:
main.lua:277: in function '_listener'
?: in function '?'
?: in function <?:172>
I've tried moving some of the code around but it's not helping. My professor looked at my code and doesn't know exactly what the issue is, but that the loop that I'm using is missing a something. Here is all the code that includes "createAsteroid"
EDIT: I added my entire main.lua file to this question. The separate files that I do have in this project are the character and the background image, everything else besides the config file is in here. I did try deleting an extra end In the gameLoop function but when I did, I got an error that basically said it expected an end there.
display.setStatusBar( display.HiddenStatusBar )
------------------------------
-- RENDER THE SAMPLE CODE UI
------------------------------
local sampleUI = require( "sampleUI.sampleUI" )
local physics = require( "physics" )
physics.start()
math.randomseed( os.time() )
------------------------------
-- CONFIGURE STAGE
------------------------------
local composer = require( "composer" )
local mainScene = display.newGroup()
display.getCurrentStage():insert( mainScene )
----------------------
-- BEGIN SAMPLE CODE
----------------------
-- Frequently used variables
local centerX = display.contentCenterX
local centerY = display.contentCenterY
local originX = display.screenOriginX
local originY = display.screenOriginY
local width = display.actualContentWidth
local height = display.actualContentHeight
local score = 0
local died = false
local asteroidsTable = {}
local player
local gameLoopTimer
local scoreText
local uiGroup = display.newGroup() -- Display group for UI objects like the score
-- Load background and character from "background.lua" and "character.lua" respectively
local background = require( "background" )
mainScene:insert( background )
local character = require( "character" )
mainScene:insert( character )
local asteroid = display.newImage( "asteroid.png", 180, -50 )
asteroid.rotation = 5
physics.addBody( asteroid, { density=3.0, friction=0.5, bounce=0.3, radius=25 })
-------------------------
-- BEGIN MOVEMENT LOGIC
-------------------------
-- Movement logic variables
local movementSpeed = 1.5
local moving = false
local moveDirection = "down"
-- Sets if the character should move and updates sprite animation
local function setMoving( state )
moving = state
if ( moving ) then
character:play()
else
character:pause()
character:setFrame(2)
end
end
-- Sets the direction that the player should move and updates the character's sprite facing
local function setMovementDirection( direction )
-- Don't change anything if we haven't altered direction
if ( moveDirection == direction ) then
return
end
-- Update the sprite playback
moveDirection = direction
character:setSequence( "walk-" .. direction )
-- Refresh animation playback, which can pause after changing the sprite sequence
setMoving( moving )
end
-- Set movement magnitudes
local movementX = 0
local movementY = 0
local function setMovement( x, y )
local updatedMovement = false
-- Horizontal movement checks
if ( movementX ~= x and nil ~= x ) then
movementX = x
updatedMovement = true
end
-- Abort if nothing is updating
-- We do this since axis/key events can fire multiple times with the same values
if ( not updatedMovement ) then
return
end
-- Determine movement direction
if ( 0 ~= movementX or 0 ~= movementY ) then
-- Favor horizontal animations over vertical ones
if ( math.abs( movementX ) >= math.abs( movementY ) ) then
if ( 0 < movementX ) then
setMovementDirection( "right" )
else
setMovementDirection( "left" )
end
else
if ( 0 < movementY ) then
setMovementDirection( "down" )
else
setMovementDirection( "up" )
end
end
end
-- Update moving animation/variable
if ( 0 == movementX and 0 == movementY ) then
setMoving( false )
else
setMoving( true )
end
end
-- Handle character translation on the screen per frame
local function onFrameEnter()
if ( 0 ~= movementX ) then
character.x = character.x + ( movementSpeed * movementX )
setMoving( true )
end
if ( 0 ~= movementY ) then
character.y = character.y + ( movementSpeed * movementY )
setMoving( true )
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onFrameEnter )
---------------------------
-- BEGIN INPUT CODE: TOUCH
---------------------------
local padGraphic, padButtonUp, padButtonDown, padButtonLeft, padButtonRight
-- Determine if we have a joystick connected or not
local inputDevices = system.getInputDevices()
local function getHasJoystick()
for i = 1, #inputDevices do
if ( "joystick" == inputDevices[i].type ) then
return true
end
end
return false
end
local hasJoystick = getHasJoystick()
-- If we don't have any controllers found, create a virtual D-pad controller
if ( not hasJoystick ) then
-- Called when one of the virtual D-pad buttons are used
local function onTouchEvent( event )
local phase = event.phase
local targetID = event.target.id
if ( "began" == phase or "moved" == phase ) then
if ( "up" == targetID ) then
setMovement( 0, -1 )
elseif ( "down" == targetID ) then
setMovement( 0, 1 )
elseif ( "left" == targetID ) then
setMovement( -1, 0 )
elseif ( "right" == targetID ) then
setMovement( 1, 0 )
elseif ( "padGraphic" == targetID ) then
setMovement( 0, 0 )
end
elseif ( "ended" == phase or "cancelled" == phase ) then
-- An alternative to checking for "cancelled" is to set focus on the control
-- However, we don't want an incoming phone call to bug out input
if ( "up" == targetID or "down" == targetID ) then
setMovement( nil, 0 )
elseif ( "left" == targetID or "right" == targetID ) then
setMovement( 0, nil )
end
end
return true
end
-- Display score
scoreText = display.newText( uiGroup, "Score: " .. score, 400, 40, native.systemFont, 36 )
-- Hide the status bar
display.setStatusBar( display.HiddenStatusBar )
local function updateText()
scoreText.text = "Score: " .. score
end
local function createAsteroid()
local newAsteroid = display.newImageRect( mainGroup, objectSheet, 1, 102, 85 )
table.insert( asteroidsTable, newAsteroid )
physics.addBody( newAsteroid, "dynamic", { radius=25, bounce=0.8 } )
newAsteroid.myName = "asteroid"
local whereFrom = math.random( 3 )
if ( whereFrom == 1 ) then
-- From the left
newAsteroid.x = -60
newAsteroid.y = math.random( 500 )
newAsteroid:setLinearVelocity( math.random( 40,120 ), math.random( 20,60 ) )
elseif ( whereFrom == 2 ) then
-- From the top
newAsteroid.x = math.random( display.contentWidth )
newAsteroid.y = -60
newAsteroid:setLinearVelocity( math.random( -40,40 ), math.random( 40,120 ) )
elseif ( whereFrom == 3 ) then
-- From the right
newAsteroid.x = display.contentWidth + 60
newAsteroid.y = math.random( 500 )
newAsteroid:setLinearVelocity( math.random( -120,-40 ), math.random( 20,60 ) )
end
newAsteroid:applyTorque( math.random( -6,6 ) )
end
-- Create the visuals for the on-screen D-pad
local padSize = 200
padGraphic = display.newImageRect( mainScene, "pad.png", padSize, padSize )
padGraphic.x = originX + padSize/2 - 40
padGraphic.y = height + originY - padSize/2 + 40
padGraphic.alpha = 0.35
padGraphic.id = "padGraphic"
padGraphic:addEventListener( "touch", onTouchEvent )
-- Creates one of the invisible virtual D-pad buttons
local function createPadButton( buttonID, offsetX, offsetY )
local btn = display.newRect( mainScene, padGraphic.x+offsetX, padGraphic.y+offsetY, padSize/5, padSize/5 )
btn:addEventListener( "touch", onTouchEvent )
btn.id = buttonID
btn.isVisible = false
btn.isHitTestable = true
return btn
end
-- Create buttons for handling the D-pad input
padButtonUp = createPadButton( "up", 0, padSize/-5 )
padButtonDown = createPadButton( "down", 0, padSize/5 )
padButtonLeft = createPadButton( "left", padSize/-5, 0 )
padButtonRight = createPadButton( "right", padSize/5, 0 )
end
-----------------
-- GAME LOOP --
-----------------
local function gameLoop()
-- Create new asteroid
createAsteroid()
-- Remove asteroids which have drifted off screen
for i = #asteroidsTable, 1, -1 do
local thisAsteroid = asteroidsTable[i]
if ( thisAsteroid.x < -100 or
thisAsteroid.x > display.contentWidth + 100 or
thisAsteroid.y < -100 or
thisAsteroid.y > display.contentHeight + 100 )
then
display.remove( thisAsteroid )
table.remove( asteroidsTable, i )
end
end
end
timer.performWithDelay(1000, gameLoop, 0)
--------------------------------------------------
-- BEGIN INPUT CODE: KEYBOARD & BASIC CONTROLLER
--------------------------------------------------
-- Detect if a joystick axis is being used
local joystickInUse = false
-- Keyboard input configuration
local keyUp = "up"
local keyDown = "down"
local keyLeft = "left"
local keyRight = "right"
-- Called when a key event has been received
local function onKeyEvent( event )
local keyName = event.keyName
local phase = event.phase
-- Handle movement keys events; update movement logic variables
if ( not joystickInUse ) then
if ( "down" == phase ) then
if ( keyUp == keyName ) then
setMovement( nil, -1 )
elseif ( keyDown == keyName ) then
setMovement( nil, 1 )
elseif ( keyLeft == keyName ) then
setMovement( -1, nil )
elseif ( keyRight == keyName ) then
setMovement( 1, nil )
end
elseif ( "up" == phase ) then
if ( keyUp == keyName ) then
setMovement( nil, 0 )
elseif ( keyDown == keyName ) then
setMovement( nil, 0 )
elseif ( keyLeft == keyName ) then
setMovement( 0, nil )
elseif ( keyRight == keyName ) then
setMovement( 0, nil )
end
end
end
return false
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "key", onKeyEvent )
------------------------------------------
-- BEGIN INPUT CODE: ADVANCED CONTROLLER
------------------------------------------
-- We only support advanced controllers when one is detected
if ( getHasJoystick ) then
-- Detect axis event updates
local function onAxisEvent( event )
local value = event.normalizedValue
local axis = event.axis.type
local descriptor = event.axis.descriptor
-- We only care about "x" and "y" input events
-- However, touch-screen events can fire these as well so we filter them out
if ( ( "x" ~= axis and "y" ~= axis ) or ( string.find( descriptor, "Joystick" ) == nil ) ) then
return
end
-- Detect zero movement at a certain cutoff so we don't get the character moving very, very slowly
if ( math.abs(value) < 0.15 ) then
value = 0
end
-- Based on which axis type we are dealing with, set movement variables
if ( "x" == axis ) then
setMovement( value, nil )
elseif ( "y" == axis ) then
setMovement( nil, value )
end
-- Some devices will send both up/down/left/right keys and the axis value
-- We let our code know that we are using a joystick value so they do not conflict
if ( 0 ~= value ) then
joystickInUse = true
else
joystickInUse = false
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "axis", onAxisEvent )
end
local function onCollision( event )
if ( ( obj1.myName == "player" and obj2.myName == "asteroid" ) or
( obj1.myName == "asteroid" and obj2.myName == "player" ) )
then
display.remove( player )
else
ship.alpha = 0
timer.performWithDelay( 1000, restoreShip )
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "collision", onCollision )
Go to line 277 in your file main.lua
You will find a function call createAsteroid(). Within this scope createAsteroid is not defined.
So let's see if we can find a definition for createAsteroid in this file.
Line 218: local function createAsteroid() ...
Check if the function call is within the scope of that function...
No! It is inside an if-statement while the function call is outside that statement. As createAsteroid is local to that if-statement it is unknown (nil) inside gameLoop and hence may not be called.
Finding such scope issues could be very easy if you had proper indentation!

attempt to index global 'volMusicTickOn' (a nil value). Listener Errors

I was trying to make a simple videogame for smartphones, well, what i'm now trying to do is that when i click on the 'volMusicTickOn' object, this must disappear and the music stops. I've done this with a function listener but i got an error on calling the listener, here's the code:
local settings = composer.newScene()
local particlesTable = {}
local particlesGroup = display.newGroup()
local options =
{
width = 600,
height = 600,
numFrames = 2,
sheetContentWidth = 1200,
heetContentHeight = 600
}
local tickSheet = graphics.newImageSheet( "rectTick_sheet.png", options )
--
--
function settings:create( event )
-- Dichiarazione oggeti e codice eseguibile
num=0
local sceneGroup = self.view
background = display.newImageRect( sceneGroup, "background.png", 1280 , 720 )
background.x = display.contentCenterX
background.y = display.contentCenterY
volMusicTickOn = display.newImageRect( "rectTick_on.png", 100, 100 )
volMusicTickOn.name = "volMusicTickOn"
volMusicTickOn.x = display.contentCenterX - 250
volMusicTickOn.y = display.contentCenterY - 100
end
function settings:show( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if ( phase == "will" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is still off screen (but is about to come on screen)
elseif ( phase == "did" ) then
if event.phase=="began"then
end
if event.phase=="ended"then
end
end
end
function settings:hide( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if ( phase == "will" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is still off screen (but is about to come on screen)
elseif ( phase == "did" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is entirely on screen
end
end
function settings:destroy( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
end
-- Funzioni
local function remove(particle)
display.remove( particle )
table.remove( particlesTable, num)
end
local function removeParticle( particle )
timer.performWithDelay(1000, transition.to( particle, {alpha=0, time=350, onComplete=remove(particle) } ))
end
local function removetotally( particle )
display.remove( particle )
table.remove( particlesTable, num )
end
function dimParticle( particle )
transition.to( particle, {alpha=0, time=500, onComplete = removetotally, onCompleteParams = particle})
end
local function generateParticles()
local xy=math.random(30,70)
local newParticle = display.newImageRect( particlesGroup, objectSheet , chooseColor(math.random(3)), xy, xy )
table.insert( particlesTable, newParticle )
num = num+1
newParticle.x = (math.random(1280)*math.random(88932))%1280
newParticle.y = (math.random(720)*math.random(13546))%720
newParticle.alpha = 0
transition.to( newParticle, {alpha=1, time=150, onComplete=dimParticle, onCompleteParams=newParticle})
end
local function generateParticlesSmall()
local xy=math.random(5,15)
local newParticle = display.newImageRect( particlesGroup, objectSheet , 1, xy, xy )
table.insert( particlesTable, newParticle )
num = num+1
newParticle.x = (math.random(1280)*math.random(88932))%1280
newParticle.y = (math.random(720)*math.random(13546))%720
newParticle.alpha = 0
transition.to( newParticle, {alpha=1, time=150, onComplete=dimParticle, onCompleteParams=newParticle})
end
local function chooseColor(n)
if n==1 then
return 8
elseif n==2 then
return 9
elseif n==3 then
return 10
end
end
function changeMusicVolumeStatus(event)
if audio.isChannelPaused( 1 ) then
audio.resume( 1 )
else
audio.pause( 1 )
end
return true
end
local function changeEffectsVolumeStatus(event)
if audio.isChannelPaused( 2 ) then
audio.resume( 2 )
else
audio.pause( 2 )
end
return true
end
-- Chiamate e Listener Del Runtime
bigPTimer1=timer.performWithDelay( 1, generateParticles, 0 )
bigPTimer2=timer.performWithDelay( 1, generateParticles, 0 )
smallPTimer=timer.performWithDelay( 1, generateParticlesSmall, 0 )
settings:addEventListener( "create", settings )
settings:addEventListener( "show", settings )
settings:addEventListener( "hide", settings )
settings:addEventListener( "destroy", settings )
volMusicTickOn:addEventListener( "tap", changeMusicVolumeStatus )
volMusicTickOff:addEventListener( "tap", changeMusicVolumeStatus )
--
return settings
Here is the error i got
16:49:45.126 ERROR: Runtime error
16:49:45.126 C:\Users\lpasi\Downloads\Progetto 1-20170725T134427Z-001\Progetto 1\settings.lua:167: attempt to index global 'volMusicTickOn' (a nil value)
16:49:45.126 stack traceback:
16:49:45.126 [C]: in function 'error'
16:49:45.126 ?: in function 'gotoScene'
16:49:45.126 C:\Users\lpasi\Downloads\Progetto 1-20170725T134427Z-001\Progetto 1\menu.lua:36: in function '_onRelease'
16:49:45.126 ?: in function '?'
16:49:45.126 ?: in function <?:654>
16:49:45.126 ?: in function <?:169>
I've tried to use also table listeners but nothing changed, pleas lemme know if you solve my problems, Thank You.
Are you sure settings:create is called before you try to reference volMusicTickOn? Because settings:create defines volMusicTickOn and thus it will be nil until it is called.
As I see it, the create event may not be fired until after you reference volMusicTickOn for the first time. Your code, because it is event based, is not guaranteed to run what this line sets up:
settings:addEventListener( "create", settings )
Before this line:
volMusicTickOn:addEventListener( "tap", changeMusicVolumeStatus )
volMusicTickOff:addEventListener( "tap", changeMusicVolumeStatus )
And this, volMusicTickOn might be nil
The solution would be to actually move those lines into settings:create so you know that volMusicTickOn is not nil for sure!

The output on console twice and the lanes overlap the player

The output I should get are the chick can jump right when i tap right and vice versa. But the two problems that I can't solve here are when I tap it will output in console like I tap twice. The second problem is the lanes are in array and keep on overlap everything, even the chick which is the player.
For this i include 2 lua files and 3 png.
This is my main.lua
display.setStatusBar( display.HiddenStatusBar )
local composer = require( "composer" )
print("entering gotoScene")
composer.gotoScene( "game2" )
print("out from gotoScene")
This is my game2.lua
---REQUIRES
local composer = require( "composer" )
local scene = composer.newScene()
local widget = require( "widget" )
local physics = require "physics"
physics.start()
physics.setGravity(0,0)
local lanes = {}
local laneID = 1
scroll = 2
---SIZE PHONE DECLARATION
local screenW = display.contentWidth --640
local screenH = display.contentHeight --1136
local halfX = display.contentWidth * 0.5 --half width 320
local halfY = display.contentHeight * 0.5 --half height 568
----------------------
----------------------
---WHEN TAP CHICK MOVE
local function tapListener( event )
local object = event.target
if object.name == "Right Side" then
print( object.name.." TAPPED!" )
if laneID < 3 then
laneID = laneID + 1;
transition.to(chick, {x=lanes[laneID].x,time=50})
print( "At lane "..laneID.." to the right")
end
return true
end
if object.name == "Left Side" then
print( object.name.." TAPPED!" )
if laneID > 1 then
laneID = laneID - 1;
transition.to(chick, {x=lanes[laneID].x,time=50})
print( "At lane "..laneID.." to the left")
end
return true
end
end
----------------------
---CREATE
-- Initialize the scene here.
-- Example: add display objects to "sceneGroup", add touch listeners, etc.
function scene:create( )
local group = self.view
---TAP BACKGROUND
RightSide = display.newRect(500,halfY, halfX+50, screenH + 100 )
RightSide.alpha = 0.1
RightSide.name = "Right Side"
LeftSide = display.newRect(140, halfY,halfX+50, screenH + 100)
LeftSide.alpha = 0.1
LeftSide.name = "Left Side"
----------------------
---TAP LABEL
rightLabel = display.newText({ text = "", x = 0, y = 0 , fontSize = 50 } )
rightLabel:setTextColor( 0 ) ; rightLabel.x = 500 ;rightLabel.y = halfY
leftLabel = display.newText({ text = "", x = 0, y = 0, fontSize = 50 } )
leftLabel:setTextColor( 0 ) ; leftLabel.x = 150 ; leftLabel.y = halfY
----------------------
---PATHWAY (BACKGROUND)
path1 = display.newImageRect("road.png",screenW,screenH)
path1.x = halfX
path1.y = halfY
path2 = display.newImageRect("road.png",screenW,screenH)
path2.x = halfX
path2.y = halfY - screenH
----------------------
---LANES
for i=1,3 do -- loop 3 times to create 3 lanes for our game
--myGroup=display.newGroup()
laneimg = display.newImageRect("lanesroad.png", 150, 1300)
lanes[i] = laneimg
lanes[i].x = (display.contentCenterX - 140*2) + (i*140)
lanes[i].y = display.contentCenterY
lanes[i].id = i
end
----------------------
---CHICK
chick = display.newImageRect("chick.png",100,100)
chick.anchorY = 1
chick.x = lanes[2].x
chick.y = 1000
physics.addBody(chick)
chick.bodyType = "dynamic"
----------------------
path1:toBack();
path2:toBack();
group:insert( RightSide )
group:insert( LeftSide )
group:insert( rightLabel )
group:insert( leftLabel )
group:insert( laneimg)
group:insert( chick )
end
----------------------
---BACKGROUND SCROLL
function pathScroll (self,event)
path1.y = path1.y + scroll
path2.y = path2.y + scroll
if path1.y == screenH * 1.5 then
path1.y = screenH * -.5
end
if path2.y == screenH * 1.5 then
path2.y = screenH * -.5
end
end
----------------------
---SHOW --that will show in scene
function scene:show (event)
---FOR ROAD TO SCROLL
path1.enterFrame = pathScroll
Runtime:addEventListener("enterFrame", pathScroll)
path2.enterFrame = pathScroll
Runtime:addEventListener("enterFrame", pathScroll)
----------------------
---WHEN TAP TO RIGHT
RightSide:addEventListener( "tap", tapListener )
rightLabel.text = "right"
----------------------
---WHEN TAP TO LEFT
LeftSide:addEventListener( "tap", tapListener )
leftLabel.text = "left"
----------------------
end
----------------------
---HIDE
function scene:hide (event)
end
----------------------
scene:addEventListener( "create", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "show", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "hide", scene )
return scene
enter image description here
enter image description here
The method scene:show is called twice. Once with event.phase paramater equal to will and second time with event.phase paramater equal to did. It also apply to scene.hide method. Code below check that.
At botom I put scene template from Corona documentation. It can be used as start point for new scene.
I commented out line with Runtime:addEventListener("enterFrame", pathScroll). You have two but one is enough.
More information you find with these links
Composer Library
Introducing the Composer API
Tap / Touch / Multitouch
Try (tested)
...
---SHOW --that will show in scene
function scene:show (event)
local phase = event.phase
if ( phase == 'will' ) then
elseif ( phase == 'did' ) then
---FOR ROAD TO SCROLL
path1.enterFrame = pathScroll
Runtime:addEventListener("enterFrame", pathScroll)
path2.enterFrame = pathScroll
--Runtime:addEventListener("enterFrame", pathScroll)
----------------------
---WHEN TAP TO RIGHT
RightSide:addEventListener( "tap", tapListener )
rightLabel.text = "right"
----------------------
---WHEN TAP TO LEFT
--LeftSide:addEventListener( "tap", tapListener )
leftLabel.text = "left"
----------------------
end
end
----------------------
...
Scene template
local composer = require( "composer" )
local scene = composer.newScene()
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Code outside of the scene event functions below will only be executed ONCE unless
-- the scene is removed entirely (not recycled) via "composer.removeScene()"
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Scene event functions
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- create()
function scene:create( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
-- Code here runs when the scene is first created but has not yet appeared on screen
end
-- show()
function scene:show( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if ( phase == "will" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is still off screen (but is about to come on screen)
elseif ( phase == "did" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is entirely on screen
end
end
-- hide()
function scene:hide( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
local phase = event.phase
if ( phase == "will" ) then
-- Code here runs when the scene is on screen (but is about to go off screen)
elseif ( phase == "did" ) then
-- Code here runs immediately after the scene goes entirely off screen
end
end
-- destroy()
function scene:destroy( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
-- Code here runs prior to the removal of scene's view
end
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Scene event function listeners
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scene:addEventListener( "create", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "show", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "hide", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "destroy", scene )
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
return scene

Error : attempt to index global " cloud"

why i cant see the cloud image and is says a nil value when i put x and y coordinate and lastly how could i make in go up and repaswn itself randomly?
local storyboard = require("storyboard")
local scene = storyboard.newScene()
local physics = require "physics"
physics.start( )
physics.setGravity(0, 0)
--physics.setDrawMode( "hybrid" )
local LEFT = 100
local CENTER = display.contentCenterX
local RIGHT = display.contentWidth - 100
the problem is around here. i tried to change imges and a variety of coding yet it failed
function scene:createScene(event)
local screenGroup = self.view
cloud = display.newImage( "cloud.jpeg")
cloud.x = 200
cloud.y = 900
back = display.newImage( "sky.png" )
back.x = display.contentWidth/2
back.y = display.contentHeight/2
screenGroup:insert(back)
end
local function handleSwipe( event )
if event.phase == "moved" then
local dX = event.x - event.xStart
print(event.x, event.xStart, dX)
if dX > 10 then
local spot = RIGHT
if event.target.x == LEFT then
spot = CENTER
end
transition.to( event.target, {time=350, x = spot } )
elseif dX < -10 then
local spot = LEFT
if event.target.x == RIGHT then
spot = CENTER
end
transition.to( event.target, {time=350, x = spot } )
end
end
return true
end
function scene:enterScene(event)
object = display.newImage( "diver.png", display.contentCenterX, display.contentHeight/1.7, 25 )
object:addEventListener( "touch", handleSwipe )
end
function scene:exitScene( event )
end
function scene:destroyScene( event )
end
scene:addEventListener( "createScene", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "enterScene", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "exitScene", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "destroyScene", scene )
return scene
anyone can help?
I think you don't have "cloud.jpeg" in a folder where main.lua is. Otherwise tell me which line bug is related to.

Game speed increases itself on every restart - Corona

am trying to make a jetpack joyride concept game on corona. First of all unlike other sdk where when you change a scene, the previous scene is automatically removed, in corona you have to remove each and object and function yourself.
After a week I was finally able to remove objects while changing scene, but now I have ran into a new problem. Everytime when I change scenes and come back to the gameScreen the speed of lasers and missiles increases every time ( maybe twice? ). How can I reset its speed?
I even added another "gameStatus" variable to remove the event listener and tried to print it, but game status never actually returned "ended", it was always "running". Here is the gameScene screen where everything happens
EDIT : I just noticed something, For example if 3 objects have already spawned then after reloading the screen only first 3 objects seem to be fast and its normal from fourth.
local composer = require( "composer" )
local scene = composer.newScene()
local physics = require( "physics" )
physics.start()
local image, text1
local function onSceneTouch( self, event )
if event.phase == "began" then
composer.gotoScene( "startScreen", "fade", 400 )
return true
end
end
function scene:create( event )
local sceneGroup = self.view
-- Variable
---------------------------------------
sW = display.contentWidth
sH = display.contentHeight
-- trying to reset gameStatus on restart
gameStatus = "ended"
gameStatus = "running"
--------------------------------------------------------
backgroundTiles = {}
drawBackground = function()
cieling = display.newRect( 0, 0, 2 * sW, sH * 0.05)
physics.addBody( cieling, "static", { density=0, friction=0, bounce=0 } )
cieling.x, cieling.y = cieling.contentWidth / 4, cieling.contentHeight * 0.25
cieling.alpha = 0
cieling.name = "ceiling"
ground = display.newRect( 0, sH, 2 * sW, sH * 0.05)
physics.addBody( ground, "static", { density=3, friction=1, bounce=0.1 } )
ground.x, ground.y = ground.contentWidth / 4, sH - ground.contentHeight * 0.25
ground.alpha = 0
ground.name = "ground"
end
drawBackground()
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
drawBird = function()
bird = display.newImageRect( "a/img/hero/hero.png", 80, 58)
bird.x, bird.y = 0 - sW * 0.1, ground.y - ground.contentHeight - 10
bird.isFixedRotation = true; bird.angularVelocity = 0;
physics.addBody( bird, { density=1, friction=0.5, bounce=0.1 } )
bird.name = "bird"
sceneGroup:insert( bird )
bird:addEventListener( "collision", onCollision )
end
coinsCollected, tokensCollected = 0, 0
birdFlight = function()
if ( gameStatus == "running" ) then
transition.to(bird, {
y = bird.y - 75,
transition = easing.outQuad,
onComplete = function() end
})
function birdFlight()
--transition.to( bird, { rotation=-45, time=300 } )
end
birdFlight()
function birdFall()
--transition.to( bird, { rotation=90, time=300 } )
end
timer.performWithDelay(700, birdFall, 1)
end
end
display.currentStage:addEventListener( "tap", birdFlight )
function onCollision(event)
if event.phase == "began" then
if event.other.name == "coin" then
coinsCollected = coinsCollected + 1
end
if event.other.name == "token" then
tokensCollected = tokensCollected + 1
end
if event.other.name == "missile" or event.other.name == "laser" or event.other.name == "rod" then
-- game ended
end
end
end
drawBird()
function atFrame(event)
if gameStatus == "running" then
bird.x,bird.y = sW / 3,bird.y + 9
if ( bird.y > sH - 70) then bird.y = sH - 70 end
if ( gameStatus == "ended" ) then bird.y = bird.y + 15 end
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", atFrame )
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
missile, missileAlert, missileMoving = {}, {}, {}
function removeMissile(i)
local onEnterFrame = function( event )
if missile[i] ~= nil and missile[i].x ~= nil and gameStatus == "running" then
if missile[i].x < -100 then
display.remove( missile[i] )
missile[i] = nil
end
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
print(gameStatus)
if gameStatus == "ended" then
Runtime:removeEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
end
function flyMissile(i)
local onEnterFrame = function( event )
if missile[i] ~= nil and missile[i].x ~= nil and missile[i].y ~= nil and gameStatus == "running" then
if missileMoving[i] == true then
missile[i].y = bird.y
end
missile[i].x = missile[i].x - 5
if missileAlert[i] ~= nil then
if missileMoving[i] == true then
missileAlert[i].y = bird.y
end
if missile[i].x < sW then
display.remove( missileAlert[i] )
missileAlert[i] = nil
end
end
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
print(gameStatus)
if gameStatus == "ended" then
Runtime:removeEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
end
function holdMissile(i)
local onEnterFrame = function( event )
if missile[i] ~= nil and missile[i].x ~= nil and gameStatus == "running" then
if missile[i].x < sW * 1.5 then
if missileAlert[i] ~= nil then
missileAlert[i]:setFillColor(1,1,0)
end
missileMoving[i] = false
end
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
print(gameStatus)
if gameStatus == "ended" then
Runtime:removeEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
end
function spawnMissile(i)
missile[i] = display.newRect( sW*2, sH/2, 80, 80 )
missileAlert[i] = display.newRect( sW-80, bird.y, 80, 80 )
physics.addBody(missile[i],"kinematic",{isSensor=true})
missile[i].name = "missile"
sceneGroup:insert( missile[i] )
sceneGroup:insert( missileAlert[i] )
missileMoving[i] = true
flyMissile(i)
removeMissile(i)
holdMissile(i)
end
spawnMissile(1)
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
laser = {}
function moveAndRemovelaser(i)
local onEnterFrame = function( event )
if laser[i] ~= nil and laser[i].x ~= nil and gameStatus == "running" then
laser[i].x = laser[i].x - 5
if laser[i].x < 0 - sW / 2 then
display.remove( laser[i] )
laser[i] = nil
end
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
print(gameStatus)
if gameStatus == "ended" then
Runtime:removeEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
end
function spawnlaser(i)
laserSize = math.random(1,2)
laserPosition = math.random(1,3)
laserRotation = math.random(1,4)
if laserSize == 1 then
laser[i] = display.newRect( 100,100,50,sH/3 )
else
laser[i] = display.newRect( 100,100,50,sH/2 )
end
sceneGroup:insert( laser[i] )
laser[i].x = sW * 2
laser[i].y = sH / 2
laser[i].name = "laser"
if laserPosition == 1 and laserRotation ~= 4 then
laser[i].y = sH * 0.05 + 12
laser[i].anchorY = 0
elseif laserPosition == 3 and laserRotation ~= 4 then
laser[i].y = sH * 0.95 - 12
laser[i].anchorY = 1
end
if laserPosition == 1 and laserRotation == 4 then
laser[i].y = sH * 0.05 + laser[i].contentHeight / 2
elseif laserPosition == 3 and laserRotation == 4 then
laser[i].y = sH * 0.95 - laser[i].contentHeight / 2
end
if laserRotation == 1 then
laser[i].rotation = -45
elseif laserRotation == 2 then
laser[i].rotation = 0
elseif laserRotation == 3 then
laser[i].rotation = 45
elseif laserRotation == 4 then
local onEnterFrame = function( event )
if laser[i] ~= nil and laser[i].rotation ~= nil then
laser[i].rotation = laser[i].rotation + 5
end
end
Runtime:addEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
laser[i]:setFillColor(1,1,0)
physics.addBody(laser[i],"kinematic",{isSensor=true})
moveAndRemovelaser(i)
end
spawnlaser(1)
--------------------------------------------------------
image = display.newRect (100,100,100,100)
image.x = display.contentCenterX
image.y = display.contentCenterY
sceneGroup:insert( image )
image.touch = onSceneTouch
text1 = display.newText( "Game Screen", 0, 0, native.systemFontBold, 24 )
text1:setFillColor( 255 )
text1.x, text1.y = display.contentWidth * 0.5, 50
sceneGroup:insert( text1 )
end
function scene:show( event )
local phase = event.phase
if "will" == phase then
gameStatus = "ended"
end
if "did" == phase then
print( "4" )
composer.removeScene( "startScreen" )
image:addEventListener( "touch", image )
gameStatus = "running"
end
end
function scene:hide( event )
local phase = event.phase
if "will" == phase then
print( "5" )
gameStatus = "ended"
image:removeEventListener( "touch", image )
Runtime:removeEventListener( "enterFrame", onEnterFrame )
end
end
function scene:destroy( event )
print( "6" )
end
scene:addEventListener( "create", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "show", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "hide", scene )
scene:addEventListener( "destroy", scene )
return scene
You are getting this problem because you are registering an event listener twice.
You need to add and remove them only when the scene enters and exits. The proper place to remove game objects is scene:destroy() and scene:hide()
My advice is that you try to re-organize your code and try to follow these guidelines:
scene:create() : This happens the first time a scene is used. You want create your game objects here. This event will only happen once, unless the scene is destroyed and then used again.
scene:show() : You want to register all your event listeners here (touch, etc) and setup your game. This function gets called every-time the scene is shown. Every event listener that is registered here should be un-registered to prevent double-triggering.
scene:hide() : You want to un-register all event listeners here. This will prevent the next scene from triggering events on your previous scene's listeners too.
scene:destroy() : You want to remove all game objects here (images, text, widgets, etc). The scene is no longer needed and everything should be cleaned.
To better understand how the Scene's work I recommend reading this doc:
http://coronalabs.com/blog/2014/01/21/introducing-the-composer-api-plus-tutorial/
So I ended up creating a function and putting all the removeEventListeners in that function and called that function when the game ended.
For future reference always keep a list of all the timer and event listeners that you have created anywhere in the screen and remove them all together when ending the game

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