How does one inject dependencies like a logger, database connection, or SHA256 generator in Iron? [duplicate] - dependency-injection

Question

In writing my tests, I'd like to be able to inject a connection into the request so that I can wrap the entire test case in a transaction (even if there is more than one request in the test case).
I've attempted to do this using a BeforeMiddleware which I can link in my test cases to insert a connection, as such:
pub type DatabaseConnection = PooledConnection<ConnectionManager<PgConnection>>;
pub struct DatabaseOverride {
conn: DatabaseConnection,
}
impl BeforeMiddleware for DatabaseOverride {
fn before(&self, req: &mut Request) -> IronResult<()> {
req.extensions_mut().entry::<DatabaseOverride>().or_insert(self.conn);
Ok(())
}
}
However, I'm encountering a compile error in trying to do this:
error: the trait bound `std::rc::Rc<diesel::pg::connection::raw::RawConnection>: std::marker::Sync` is not satisfied [E0277]
impl BeforeMiddleware for DatabaseOverride {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
help: run `rustc --explain E0277` to see a detailed explanation
note: `std::rc::Rc<diesel::pg::connection::raw::RawConnection>` cannot be shared between threads safely
note: required because it appears within the type `diesel::pg::PgConnection`
note: required because it appears within the type `r2d2::Conn<diesel::pg::PgConnection>`
note: required because it appears within the type `std::option::Option<r2d2::Conn<diesel::pg::PgConnection>>`
note: required because it appears within the type `r2d2::PooledConnection<r2d2_diesel::ConnectionManager<diesel::pg::PgConnection>>`
note: required because it appears within the type `utility::db::DatabaseOverride`
note: required by `iron::BeforeMiddleware`
error: the trait bound `std::cell::Cell<i32>: std::marker::Sync` is not satisfied [E0277]
impl BeforeMiddleware for DatabaseOverride {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
help: run `rustc --explain E0277` to see a detailed explanation
note: `std::cell::Cell<i32>` cannot be shared between threads safely
note: required because it appears within the type `diesel::pg::PgConnection`
note: required because it appears within the type `r2d2::Conn<diesel::pg::PgConnection>`
note: required because it appears within the type `std::option::Option<r2d2::Conn<diesel::pg::PgConnection>>`
note: required because it appears within the type `r2d2::PooledConnection<r2d2_diesel::ConnectionManager<diesel::pg::PgConnection>>`
note: required because it appears within the type `utility::db::DatabaseOverride`
note: required by `iron::BeforeMiddleware`
Is there a way around this with diesel's connections? I've found several examples on Github to do this using the pg crate, but I'd like to keep using diesel.

Answer 1

This answer will certainly solve the problem, but it's not optimal. As mentioned, you can't share a single connection as it's not thread safe. However, while wrapping it in a Mutex makes it thread-safe, it would force all the server threads to use a single connection. Instead, you want to use a connection pool.
You can accomplish this with the r2d2 and r2d2-diesel crates. This will establish multiple connections as needed, and reuse them when possible in a thread safe manner.

Answer 2

Since there isn't enough code provided for me to reproduce your issue, I've made this:
use std::cell::Cell;
trait Middleware: Sync {}
struct Unsharable(Cell<bool>);
impl Middleware for Unsharable {}
fn main() {}
which has the same error:
error: the trait bound `std::cell::Cell<bool>: std::marker::Sync` is not satisfied [E0277]
impl Middleware for Unsharable {}
^~~~~~~~~~
help: run `rustc --explain E0277` to see a detailed explanation
note: `std::cell::Cell<bool>` cannot be shared between threads safely
note: required because it appears within the type `Unsharable`
note: required by `Middleware`
You can solve the problem by changing the type to make it cross-thread compatible:
use std::sync::Mutex;
struct Sharable(Mutex<Unsharable>);
impl Middleware for Sharable {}
Note that Rust has done a very good thing for you: it prevented you from using a type that is unsafe to be called in multiple threads.
In writing my tests, I'd like to be able to inject a connection into the request so that I can wrap the entire test case in a transaction (even if there is more than one request in the test case).
I'd suggest that it's possible an architectural change would be even better. Separate the domains of "web framework" from your "database". The authors of Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests (a highly recommended book) advocate for this style.
Pull apart your code such that there is a method that simply accepts some type that can start / end a transaction, write the interesting stuff there, and test it thoroughly. Then have just enough glue code in the web layer to create a transaction object, then call the next layer down.