R markdown inline formula (latex) not working - latex

First time markdown user (and LaTex novice).
I'm trying to insert inline formulas using single $ as I have seen demonstrated in several places, including the R Markdown Reference Guide - but it's not working.
inline equation test: $x \leq 5 $ not working
is simply output as
"inline equation test: $x 5 $ not working"
It works fine using $$ to create a new line, but any tips how to get it working inline would be much appreciated.

And as so often happens, as soon as I ask a question, the answer comes to me.
inline equation test: $x \leq 5 $ not working
has a space before the closing $ and does not work.
inline equation test: $x \leq 5$ not working
has the space deleted and works just fine.

Related

Using knit_child in RStudio to manage thesis .Rnw chapters in master .Rnw. \ref and \label don't work now

To say that I am a LaTeX amateur is an understatement, though by some miracle, I am managing to write my thesis in it. I am using RStudio to write and compile my thesis, due to all of my analysis being done in R and wanting the ability to insert dynamic plots etc.
As my thesis has increased in size, I wanted to break the chapters off into sub .Rnw files so that I could work on each chapter independently (with my need for R code within each chapter ruling out using .tex files). The only way I could get this to work, was using \Sexpr{knit_child('chapter.Rnw')}. I weave my files using knitr rather than Sweave as again, that is the only I can get it to compile correctly. Unfortunately, I've never managed to understand why!
Nevertheless, this is working very nicely, is much easier to manage and my plots and R code are compiling correctly, but my previously functioning \ref and \label commands no longer work. Well, they work within a chapter, but not between them.
I include my main document here and the latex commands that I think are relevant to my question. I have googled this all morning, but am getting nowhere alone.
\documentclass[12pt]{report} %What kind of document
\usepackage{titlesec} %can actually name chapters rather than having "Chapter 1" etc
\usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=authoryear-comp,sorting=nyt,maxcitenames=2,url=false]{biblatex}
\bibliography{library}
% ----------- KNITR SETUP ------------------------
<<setup, include=FALSE, cache=FALSE, echo=FALSE>>=
opts_chunk$set(fig.path='figures/plots-', fig.align='center', fig.show='hold', eval=TRUE, echo=TRUE)
options(replace.assign=TRUE,width=80)
# setwd("C:/Users/cainswor/Box Sync/Imperial/Reports/Thesis")
setwd("D:/BoxSync/BoxSync/Reports/Thesis")
data_loc <- "D:/BoxSync/BoxSync/Reports/Thesis/Data for Thesis"
Sys.setenv(TEXINPUTS=getwd(),
BIBINPUTS=getwd(),
BSTINPUTS=getwd())
x <- c("shiny","flowViz","nls2","plyr","RColorBrewer","abind","MASS","gplots","hexbin",
"data.table","fastmatch","stringr","hypergeo","rgl","mclust","knitr","dbscan")
lapply(x, require, character.only=T)
# Sweave2knitr('ThesisSecondDraft.Rnw')
#
\begin{document}
\Sexpr{knit_child('Th1_Introduction.Rnw')}
\part{The Experiment}
\Sexpr{knit_child('Th2_Characterisation.Rnw')}
\end{document}
Here is an example which work on my files.
In the main.Rnw document :
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\SweaveOpts{concordance=TRUE}
Hello world
\SweaveInput{child_test.Rnw}
\end{document}
In the child_test.Rnw file
%!Rnw root = main.Rnw
\SweaveOpts{echo = TRUE, eval = TRUE}
\section{Analysis}
This is the analysis.
<<analysis, result = tex>>=
summary(cars)
#

How to make the output of Maxima cleaner?

I want to make use of Maxima as the backend to solve some computations used in my LaTeX input file.
I did the following steps.
Step 1
Download and install Maxima.
Step 2
Create a batch file named cas.bat (for example) as follows.
rem cas.bat
echo off
set PATH=%PATH%;"C:\Program Files (x86)\Maxima-5.31.2\bin"
maxima --very-quiet -r %1 > solution.tex
Save the batch in the same directory in which your input file below exists. It is just for the sake of simplicity.
Step 3
Create the input file named main.tex (for example) as follows.
% main.tex
\documentclass[preview,border=12pt,12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\def\f(#1){(#1)^2-5*(#1)+6}
\begin{document}
\section{Problem}
Evaluate $\f(x)$ for $x=\frac 1 2$.
\section{Solution}
\immediate\write18{cas "x: 1/2;tex(\f(x));"}
\input{solution}
\end{document}
Step 4
Compile the input file with pdflatex -shell-escape main and you will get a nice output as follows.
!
Step 5
Done.
Questions
Apparently the output of Maxima is as follows. I don't know how to make it cleaner.
solution.tex
1
-
2
$${{15}\over{4}}$$
false
Now, my question are
how to remove such texts?
how to obtain just \frac{15}{4} without $$...$$?
(1) To suppress output, terminate input expressions with dollar sign (i.e. $) instead of semicolon (i.e. ;).
(2) To get just the TeX-ified expression sans the environment delimiters (i.e. $$), call tex1 instead of tex. Note that tex1 returns a string, which you have to print yourself (while tex prints it for you).
Combining these ideas with the stuff you showed, I think your program could look like this:
"x: 1/2$ print(tex1(\f(x)))$"
I think you might find the Maxima mailing list helpful. I'm pretty sure there have been several attempts to create a system such as the one you describe. You can also look at the documentation.
I couldn't find any way to completely clean up Maxima's output within Maxima itself. It always echoes the input line, and always writes some whitespace after the output. The following is an example of a perl script that accomplishes the cleanup.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
my $var = $ARGV[0];
my $expr = $ARGV[1];
sub do_maxima_to_tex {
my $m = shift;
my $c = "maxima --batch-string='exptdispflag:false; print(tex1($m))\$'";
my $e = `$c`;
my #x = split(/\(%i\d+\)/,$e); # output contains stuff like (%i1)
my $f = pop #x; # remove everything before the echo of the last input
while ($f=~/\A /) {$f=~s/\A .*\n//} # remove echo of input, which may be more than one line
$f =~ s/\\\n//g; # maxima breaks latex tokens in the middle at end of line; fix this
$f =~ s/\n/ /g; # if multiple lines, get it into one line
$f =~ s/\s+\Z//; # get rid of final whitespace
return $f;
}
my $e1 = do_maxima_to_tex("diff($expr,$var,1)");
my $e2 = do_maxima_to_tex("diff($expr,$var,2)");
print <<TEX;
The first derivative is \$$e1\$. Differentiating a second time,
we get \$$e2\$.
TEX
If you name this script a.pl, then doing
a.pl z 3*z^4
outputs this:
The first derivative is $12\,z^3$. Differentiating a second time,
we get $36\,z^2$.
For the OP's application, a script like this one could be what is invoked by the write18 in the latex file.
If you really want to use LaTeX then the maxiplot package is the answer. It provides a maxima environment inside of which you enter Maxima commands. When you process your LaTeX file a Maxima batch file is generated. Process this file with Maxima and process your LaTeX file again to typeset the equations generated by Maxima.
If you would rather have 2D math input with live typesetting then use TeXmacs. It is a cross-platform document authoring environment (a word processor on steroids if you like) that includes plugins for Maxima, Mathematica and many more scientific computing tools. If you need to or are not satisfied with the typesetting, you can export your document to LaTeX.
I know this is a very old post. Excellent answers for the question asked by OP. I was using --very-quiet -r options on the command line for a long time like OP, but in maxima version 5.43.2 they behave differently. See maxima command line v5.43 is behaving differently than v5.41. I am answering this question with a cross reference because when incorporating these answers in your solutions, make sure the changes in behavior of those command line flags are also incorporated.

trouble rendering equations on wordpress.com

I tried to incorporate some equations into a wordpress blog entry. No special installation, just using the version of mathjax Wordpress comes with.
My paragraph reads
This action is invariant under conformal symmetries of the worldsheet
$latex z \to z + \sum_{n = -\infty}^\infty \epsilon_n z^{n+1} $ , where $latex z$
parameterizes the worldsheet. In 2 dimensions, the conformal group is especially large and > there are infinitely many generators $latex \l_n: z \to z + \epsilon_n z^{n+1} $ .
Both equations give a "formula does not parse". Only the "z" renders correctly. If I put this into a latex document, the formula compile. Can you explain?
The FAQ page gives hints, but does not resolve my problem. The hints on the page do work.

Putting $$s in the middle of an `equation` environment: why doesn't Latex complain?

I was surprised that the Latex code from a recent question didn't throw up any errors, and even more surprised on further investigation, that Crowley's explanation seems to be true. My intuition about the \begin{equation} ... \end{equation} code is clearly off, what's really going on?
Consider this, slightly adapted code:
\begin{equation}
1: e^{i\pi}+1=0
$$ 2: B\"ob $$
3: e=mc^2
\end{equation}
This seems to prove that Crowley's explanation of such code, namely that "What that code says to LaTeX is begin equation, end it, begin it again, typeset definition of tangens and end the equation" is right: lines 1&3 can only be typeset in maths mode, line 2 only in text mode.
Shouldn't Latex see that the \end{equation} is ending a display math that wasn't started by the \begin{equation}?
Maybe it is because of environments math and displaymath.
I just tried those codes
\[\alpha$$ - works properly
\begin{displaymath}\alpha$$ - error (\begin{displaymath} ended by \end{document}) *
\displaymath\alpha$$ - works properly
\displaymath\alpha\displaymath - error (Bad math environment delimiter)
\displaymath\alpha\enddisplaymath - works properly.
Symetric options produce same results, so I think there's in LaTeX command definition
\newcommand{\[}{\displaymath}
\newcommand{\]}{\enddisplaymath }
\newenvironment{displaymath}{\displaymath}{enddisplaymath}
and in TeX something like
"if(displaymath)
{$$ := \displaymath}
else
{$$ := \displaymath}"
Maybe I'm wrong, but this seems logical to me.
Note: That proves that I was wrong. Better words are It says: "Begin equation, switch to text mode, switch back to displaymath, typeset tangens definition and finally end the equation".

Can you iterate in LaTeX?

I'm new to LaTeX and I must say that I am really struggling with it. I discovered the \newcommand command that is kind of like a function/method in regular programming languages. You can give it arguments and everything.
I was wondering though, can I somehow iterate in LaTeX? Basically, what I would like to do is create a table with N+1 columns where the first row just contains a blank cell and then the numbers 1, 2, ..., N in the other columns. I only want to give N as an argument to this 'function' (newcommand).
Here is an example of something that might look like what I'm looking for (although obviously this won't work):
\newcommand{\mytable}[2]{
\begin{tabular}{l|*{#1}{c|}} % table with first argument+1 columns
for(int i = 1; i <= #1; i++) "& i" % 'output' numbers in different columns
\\\hline
letters & #2 % second argument should contain actual content for row
\\\hline
\end{tabular}
}
Call it with:
\mytable{3}{a & b & c}
Output should be:
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
--------+---+---+---+
letters | a | b | c |
--------+---+---+---+
Does anyone know if something like this is possible?
Thanks!
Just make the following into a new command and be sure to use package ifthen.
\begin{tabular}{l|*{10}{c|}}
\newcounter{count}
\whiledo{\value{count}<10}{
\ifthenelse{\value{count}=0}{}{\the\value{count}}
\ifthenelse{\value{count}<9}{&}{\\}
\stepcounter{count}
}
letters&a&b&c&d&e&f&g&h&i\\
\end{tabular}
Auntie Google says yes.
You can use the \loop or \repeat tokens. Or the multido package.
Sure it's possible. You can also recur. eplain has iteration macros in it, see, eg, here.
Another possibility (if you're lazy like me) is perltex

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