Updating width and height of render target on the fly - webgl

I've created a texture and a renderbuffer to render an existing 3d scene to a texture, and using that texture as an input for another webgl program.
Below is pseudo code of the class that handles rendering the scene to a texture.
What's the best way to update the texture width and height as needed (if a browser resize happens for example)? Do I need to create a new texture / render buffer every time ?
I'm wondering if I can do this with less code than I'm currently doing?
class Renderer {
constructor() {
// creates the texture and framebuffer for the first time
this.updateRTT(128, 128);
}
updateRTT(width, height) {
const gl = getContext();
this.rttwidth = width;
this.rttheight = height;
console.log('update RTT', this.rttwidth, this.rttheight);
this.frameBuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.frameBuffer);
this.texture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.texture);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, this.rttwidth, this.rttheight, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
this.renderBuffer = gl.createRenderbuffer();
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, this.renderBuffer);
gl.renderbufferStorage(gl.RENDERBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT16, this.rttwidth, this.rttheight);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.texture, 0);
gl.framebufferRenderbuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, this.renderBuffer);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, null);
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
}
render_to_target(width, height) {
// is there a better way to just update the texture/framebuffer?
if (this.rttwidth !== width || this.rttheight !== height) {
// if the width or height is different from the previous one, update the texture and framebuffer
this.updateRTT(width, height);
}
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.frameBuffer);
// draw my scene here
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.texture);
gl.generateMipmap(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
// clear
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, null);
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
}
}

Its enough to reset the texture/renderbuffer attributes like so:
resize(width, height) {
// resize color attachment
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.texture);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, width, height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
// resize depth attachment
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, this.renderBuffer);
gl.renderbufferStorage(gl.RENDERBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT16, width, height);
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, null);
// update internal dimensions
this.rttwidth=width;
this.rttheight=height;
}

Related

How to use packed pixel array in WebGL Texture? [duplicate]

Currently, I'm using 2D canvas context to draw an image generated (from pixel to pixel, but refreshed as a whole buffer in once after a generated frame) from JavaScript at about a 25fps rate. The generated image is always one byte (integer / typed array) per pixel and a fixed palette is used to generate RGB final result. Scaling is also needed to adopt to the size of the canvas (ie: going to fullscreen) and/or at user request (zoom in/out buttons).
The 2D context of canvas is OK for this purpose, however I'm curious if WebGL can provide better result and/or better performance. Please note: I don't want to put pixels via webGL, I want to put pixels into my buffer (which is basically Uint8Array), and use that buffer (in once) to refresh the context. I don't know too much about WebGL, but using the needed generated image as some kind of texture would work somehow for example? Then I would need to refresh the texture at about 25fps rate, I guess.
It would be really fantastic, if WebGL support the colour space conversion somehow. With 2D context, I need to convert 1 byte / pixel buffer into RGBA for the imagedata in JavaScript for every pixel ... Scaling (for 2D context) is done now by altering the height/width style of the canvas, so browsers scales the image then. However I guess it can be slower than what WebGL can do with hw support, and also (I hope) WebGL can give greater flexibility to control the scaling, eg with the 2D context, browsers will do antialiasing even if I don't want to do (eg: integer zooming factor), and maybe that's a reason it can be quite slow sometimes.
I've already tried to learn several WebGL tutorials but all of them starts with objects, shapes, 3D cubes, etc, I don't need any - classical - object to render only what 2D context can do as well - in the hope that WebGL can be a faster solution for the very same task! Of course if there is no win here with WebGL at all, I would continue to use 2D context.
To be clear: this is some kind of computer hardware emulator done in JavaScript, and its output (what would be seen on a PAL TV connected to it) is rendered via a canvas context. The machine has fixed palette with 256 elements, internally it only needs one byte for a pixel to define its colour.
You can use a texture as your palette and a different texture as your image. You then get a value from the image texture and use it too look up a color from the palette texture.
The palette texture is 256x1 RGBA pixels. Your image texture is any size you want but just a single channel ALPHA texture. You can then look up a value from the image
float index = texture2D(u_image, v_texcoord).a * 255.0;
And use that value to look up a color in the palette
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_palette, vec2((index + 0.5) / 256.0, 0.5));
Your shaders might be something like this
Vertex Shader
attribute vec4 a_position;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
gl_Position = a_position;
// assuming a unit quad for position we
// can just use that for texcoords. Flip Y though so we get the top at 0
v_texcoord = a_position.xy * vec2(0.5, -0.5) + 0.5;
}
Fragment shader
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
uniform sampler2D u_palette;
void main() {
float index = texture2D(u_image, v_texcoord).a * 255.0;
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_palette, vec2((index + 0.5) / 256.0, 0.5));
}
Then you just need a palette texture.
// Setup a palette.
var palette = new Uint8Array(256 * 4);
// I'm lazy so just setting 4 colors in palette
function setPalette(index, r, g, b, a) {
palette[index * 4 + 0] = r;
palette[index * 4 + 1] = g;
palette[index * 4 + 2] = b;
palette[index * 4 + 3] = a;
}
setPalette(1, 255, 0, 0, 255); // red
setPalette(2, 0, 255, 0, 255); // green
setPalette(3, 0, 0, 255, 255); // blue
// upload palette
...
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
And your image. It's an alpha only image so just 1 channel.
// Make image. Just going to make something 8x8
var image = new Uint8Array([
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,2,0,0,2,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,3,3,3,3,0,1,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
]);
// upload image
....
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, 8, 8, 0, gl.ALPHA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
You also need to make sure both textures are using gl.NEAREST for filtering since one represents indices and the other a palette and filtering between values in those cases makes no sense.
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
Here's a working example:
var canvas = document.getElementById("c");
var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
// Note: createProgramFromScripts will call bindAttribLocation
// based on the index of the attibute names we pass to it.
var program = twgl.createProgramFromScripts(
gl,
["vshader", "fshader"],
["a_position", "a_textureIndex"]);
gl.useProgram(program);
var imageLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_image");
var paletteLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_palette");
// tell it to use texture units 0 and 1 for the image and palette
gl.uniform1i(imageLoc, 0);
gl.uniform1i(paletteLoc, 1);
// Setup a unit quad
var positions = [
1, 1,
-1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, -1,
];
var vertBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(positions), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(0, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
// Setup a palette.
var palette = new Uint8Array(256 * 4);
// I'm lazy so just setting 4 colors in palette
function setPalette(index, r, g, b, a) {
palette[index * 4 + 0] = r;
palette[index * 4 + 1] = g;
palette[index * 4 + 2] = b;
palette[index * 4 + 3] = a;
}
setPalette(1, 255, 0, 0, 255); // red
setPalette(2, 0, 255, 0, 255); // green
setPalette(3, 0, 0, 255, 255); // blue
// make palette texture and upload palette
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
var paletteTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, paletteTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
// Make image. Just going to make something 8x8
var image = new Uint8Array([
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,2,0,0,2,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,3,3,3,3,0,1,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
]);
// make image textures and upload image
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
var imageTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, imageTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, 8, 8, 0, gl.ALPHA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, positions.length / 2);
canvas { border: 1px solid black; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/twgl.min.js"></script>
<script id="vshader" type="whatever">
attribute vec4 a_position;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
gl_Position = a_position;
// assuming a unit quad for position we
// can just use that for texcoords. Flip Y though so we get the top at 0
v_texcoord = a_position.xy * vec2(0.5, -0.5) + 0.5;
}
</script>
<script id="fshader" type="whatever">
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
uniform sampler2D u_palette;
void main() {
float index = texture2D(u_image, v_texcoord).a * 255.0;
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_palette, vec2((index + 0.5) / 256.0, 0.5));
}
</script>
<canvas id="c" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
To animate just update the image and then re-upload it into the texture
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, 8, 8, 0, gl.ALPHA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
Example:
var canvas = document.getElementById("c");
var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
// Note: createProgramFromScripts will call bindAttribLocation
// based on the index of the attibute names we pass to it.
var program = twgl.createProgramFromScripts(
gl,
["vshader", "fshader"],
["a_position", "a_textureIndex"]);
gl.useProgram(program);
var imageLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_image");
var paletteLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_palette");
// tell it to use texture units 0 and 1 for the image and palette
gl.uniform1i(imageLoc, 0);
gl.uniform1i(paletteLoc, 1);
// Setup a unit quad
var positions = [
1, 1,
-1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, -1,
];
var vertBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(positions), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(0, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
// Setup a palette.
var palette = new Uint8Array(256 * 4);
// I'm lazy so just setting 4 colors in palette
function setPalette(index, r, g, b, a) {
palette[index * 4 + 0] = r;
palette[index * 4 + 1] = g;
palette[index * 4 + 2] = b;
palette[index * 4 + 3] = a;
}
setPalette(1, 255, 0, 0, 255); // red
setPalette(2, 0, 255, 0, 255); // green
setPalette(3, 0, 0, 255, 255); // blue
// make palette texture and upload palette
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
var paletteTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, paletteTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
// Make image. Just going to make something 8x8
var width = 8;
var height = 8;
var image = new Uint8Array([
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,2,0,0,2,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,3,3,3,3,0,1,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
]);
// make image textures and upload image
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
var imageTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, imageTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, width, height, 0, gl.ALPHA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
var frameCounter = 0;
function render() {
++frameCounter;
// skip 3 of 4 frames so the animation is not too fast
if ((frameCounter & 3) == 0) {
// rotate the image left
for (var y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
var temp = image[y * width];
for (var x = 0; x < width - 1; ++x) {
image[y * width + x] = image[y * width + x + 1];
}
image[y * width + width - 1] = temp;
}
// re-upload image
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, width, height, 0, gl.ALPHA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, positions.length / 2);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
render();
canvas { border: 1px solid black; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/twgl.min.js"></script>
<script id="vshader" type="whatever">
attribute vec4 a_position;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
gl_Position = a_position;
// assuming a unit quad for position we
// can just use that for texcoords. Flip Y though so we get the top at 0
v_texcoord = a_position.xy * vec2(0.5, -0.5) + 0.5;
}
</script>
<script id="fshader" type="whatever">
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
uniform sampler2D u_palette;
void main() {
float index = texture2D(u_image, v_texcoord).a * 255.0;
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_palette, vec2((index + 0.5) / 256.0, 0.5));
}
</script>
<canvas id="c" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
Of course that assumes your goal is to do the animation on the CPU by manipulating pixels. Otherwise you can use any normal webgl techniques to manipulate texture coordinates or whatever.
You can also update the palette similarly for palette animation. Just modify the palette and re-upload it
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
Example:
var canvas = document.getElementById("c");
var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
// Note: createProgramFromScripts will call bindAttribLocation
// based on the index of the attibute names we pass to it.
var program = twgl.createProgramFromScripts(
gl,
["vshader", "fshader"],
["a_position", "a_textureIndex"]);
gl.useProgram(program);
var imageLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_image");
var paletteLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_palette");
// tell it to use texture units 0 and 1 for the image and palette
gl.uniform1i(imageLoc, 0);
gl.uniform1i(paletteLoc, 1);
// Setup a unit quad
var positions = [
1, 1,
-1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, 1,
-1, -1,
1, -1,
];
var vertBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(positions), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(0, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
// Setup a palette.
var palette = new Uint8Array(256 * 4);
// I'm lazy so just setting 4 colors in palette
function setPalette(index, r, g, b, a) {
palette[index * 4 + 0] = r;
palette[index * 4 + 1] = g;
palette[index * 4 + 2] = b;
palette[index * 4 + 3] = a;
}
setPalette(1, 255, 0, 0, 255); // red
setPalette(2, 0, 255, 0, 255); // green
setPalette(3, 0, 0, 255, 255); // blue
// make palette texture and upload palette
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
var paletteTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, paletteTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
// Make image. Just going to make something 8x8
var width = 8;
var height = 8;
var image = new Uint8Array([
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,2,0,0,2,0,1,
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
1,0,3,3,3,3,0,1,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,
]);
// make image textures and upload image
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
var imageTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, imageTex);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.ALPHA, width, height, 0, gl.ALPHA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
var frameCounter = 0;
function render() {
++frameCounter;
// skip 3 of 4 frames so the animation is not too fast
if ((frameCounter & 3) == 0) {
// rotate the 3 palette colors
var tempR = palette[4 + 0];
var tempG = palette[4 + 1];
var tempB = palette[4 + 2];
var tempA = palette[4 + 3];
setPalette(1, palette[2 * 4 + 0], palette[2 * 4 + 1], palette[2 * 4 + 2], palette[2 * 4 + 3]);
setPalette(2, palette[3 * 4 + 0], palette[3 * 4 + 1], palette[3 * 4 + 2], palette[3 * 4 + 3]);
setPalette(3, tempR, tempG, tempB, tempA);
// re-upload palette
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 256, 1, 0, gl.RGBA,
gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, palette);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, positions.length / 2);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
render();
canvas { border: 1px solid black; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/twgl.min.js"></script>
<script id="vshader" type="whatever">
attribute vec4 a_position;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
gl_Position = a_position;
// assuming a unit quad for position we
// can just use that for texcoords. Flip Y though so we get the top at 0
v_texcoord = a_position.xy * vec2(0.5, -0.5) + 0.5;
}
</script>
<script id="fshader" type="whatever">
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
uniform sampler2D u_image;
uniform sampler2D u_palette;
void main() {
float index = texture2D(u_image, v_texcoord).a * 255.0;
gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_palette, vec2((index + 0.5) / 256.0, 0.5));
}
</script>
<canvas id="c" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
Slightly related is this tile shader example
http://blog.tojicode.com/2012/07/sprite-tile-maps-on-gpu.html
Presumably you're building up a javascript array that's around 512 x 512 (PAL size)...
A WebGL fragment shader could definitely do your palette conversion pretty nicely. The recipe would go something like this:
Set up WebGL with a "geometry" of just two triangles that span your viewport. (GL is all triangles.) This is the biggest bother, if you're not already GL fluent. But it's not that bad. Spend some quality time with http://learningwebgl.com/blog/?page_id=1217 . But it will be ~100 lines of stuff. Price of admission.
Build your in-memory frame buffer 4 times bigger. (I think textures always have to be RGBA?) And populate every fourth byte, the R component, with your pixel values. Use new Float32Array to allocate it. You can use values 0-255, or divide it down to 0.0 to 1.0. We'll pass this to webgl as a texture. This one changes every frame.
Build a second texture that's 256 x 1 pixels, which is your palette lookup table. This one never changes (unless the palette can be modified?).
In your fragment shader, use your emulated frame buffer texture as a lookup into your palette. The first pixel in the palette is accessed at location (0.5/256.0, 0.5), middle of the pixel.
On each frame, resubmit the emulated frame buffer texture and redraw. Pushing pixels to the GPU is expensive... but a PAL-sized image is pretty small by modern standards.
Bonus step: You could enhance the fragment shader to imitate scanlines, interlace video, or other cute emulation artifacts (phosphor dots?) on modern high-resolution displays, all at no cost to your javascript!
This is just a sketch. But it will work. WebGL is a pretty low-level API, and quite flexible, but well worth the effort (if you like that kind of thing, which I do. :-) ).
Again, http://learningwebgl.com/blog/?page_id=1217 is well-recommended for overall WebGL guidance.

To create an output texture do I need a call to texImage2D?

In Webgl, I currently make the following calls to create a texture whether it is used for input or for output. Do I really need the call to texImage2D knowing that my shader will be overwriting the values in the texture?
const texture = gl.createTexture();
// Bind the texture so the following methods effect this texture.
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texImage2D(
gl.TEXTURE_2D,
0, // Level of detail.
this.encoder.internalFormat, width, height,
0, // Always 0 in OpenGL ES.
this.encoder.format, this.encoder.channelType, null);
this.checkError();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
return texture as WebGLTexture;
Here's a complete code sample which will create a texture equal to canvas size (this could be used for offscreen rendering)
const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
const fb = gl.createFramebuffer();
const texture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture, 0);
You can later use rendered texture, or read it contents with gl.readPixels

WebGL render to texture with framebuffer

I am new in webgl and trying to learn it.
I am trying to learn framebuffer and rendering to texture but I am stuck.
What I am trying to do is to copy the colors (pixel data) of a texture to another texture by using framebuffer. I have some other things in mind like doing some calculations before rendering to texture etc. but will do that afterwards.
I have created two 2x2 textures, put some random colors in one of them and bind other to the framebuffer. But I am not getting expected output.
Vertex shader
precision mediump float;
attribute vec2 a_texcoord;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
// Convert texture coordinate to render coordinate
gl_Position = vec4(2.0 * a_texcoord.x - 1.0, 1.0 - 2.0 * a_texcoord.y, 0, 1);
gl_PointSize = 1.0;
v_texcoord = a_texcoord;
}
Fragment shader
precision mediump float;
uniform sampler2D u_texture;
varying vec2 v_texcoord;
void main() {
vec4 data = texture2D(u_texture, v_texcoord);
gl_FragColor = data;
}
Javascript
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
// WebGL context
var gl = canvas.getContext("webgl") || canvas.getContext("experimental-webgl");
if (!gl) {
console.log("WebGL not supported");
}
// Set canvas dimensions
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
// Create program with shaders
var program = glUtils.createProgram(gl, 'vshader', 'fshader');
// Texture dimensions
var textureWidth = 2,
textureHeight = 2;
// Texture coordinates
var coords = [];
for (var i = 0; i < textureWidth; ++i) {
for (var j = 0; j < textureHeight; ++j) {
coords.push(i / textureWidth, j / textureHeight);
}
}
// Random colors for texture
var d = [];
for (var i = 0; i < textureWidth * textureHeight; ++i) {
d.push(
Math.floor(Math.random() * 256),
Math.floor(Math.random() * 256),
Math.floor(Math.random() * 256),
Math.floor(Math.random() * 256)
);
}
// Texture with random colors
var data = new Uint8Array(d);
var texture0 = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture0);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
// Texture to render to
var texture1 = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
// Framebuffer
var fb = gl.createFramebuffer();
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture1, 0);
// Program
gl.useProgram(program);
// Bind texture0
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture0);
gl.uniform1i(program.uniforms.u_texture, 0);
// Bind framebuffer
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture1, 0);
// Set coordinate array
sendCoords(program);
// Set WebGL viewport
setupViewport(gl, textureWidth, textureHeight);
// Clear
gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Draw
gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, textureWidth * textureHeight);
// Read pixels
var pixels = new Uint8Array(textureWidth * textureHeight * 4);
gl.readPixels(0, 0, textureWidth, textureHeight, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
gl.deleteFramebuffer(fb);
console.log(pixels);
// Enable and bind data to attribute for the texture coordinates
function sendCoords(program) {
var coordBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, coordBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(coords), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(
program.attribs.a_texcoord,
2,
gl.FLOAT,
gl.FALSE,
0,
0
);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(program.attribs.a_texcoord);
}
// Viewport setup
function setupViewport(gl, width, height) {
gl.viewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
I am expecting exact same data that I have in texture0 but not getting that in gl.readPixels(). Maybe I am doing wrong calculations.
Update:
Here is sample data to make my problem clear.
// Texture coordinates
[0, 0,
0, 0.5,
0.5, 0,
0.5, 0.5]
// Random colors to copy from
[197, 103, 13, 0,
199, 17, 0, 18,
61, 177, 5, 14,
15, 72, 18, 10]
// Data getting by gl.readPixels()
[61, 177, 5, 14,
15, 72, 18, 10,
197, 103, 13, 0,
199, 17, 0, 18]
As you can see, the order is not same. I would like to know why.
Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

Framebuffer binding order

I'm trying to instantiate all my framebuffers outside the draw call. But if I do that, the render is very glitchy.
How I think my code should be structured
framebuffer1 = createFramebuffer()
framebuffer2 = createFramebuffer()
draw(){
bindFramebuffer(framebuffer1)
drawScene()
bindFramebuffer(framebuffer2)
drawFirstPostProcess()
bindFramebuffer(null)
drawSecondPostProcess()
}
How my current code is looking
framebuffer1 = createFramebuffer()
draw(){
bindFramebuffer(framebuffer1)
drawScene()
framebuffer2 = createFramebuffer()
bindFramebuffer(framebuffer2)
drawFirstPostProcess()
bindFramebuffer(null)
drawSecondPostProcess()
}
And here is my real code: (the first post process is a depth of field and the second a chromatic aberration)
How I instantiate a framebuffer GitHub
export function createFramebuffer(gl, width, height) {
// Framebuffer part
const colorTexture = gl.createTexture()
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST)
gl.texImage2D(
gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, width, height, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
null,
)
// Create the depth texture
const depthTexture = gl.createTexture()
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, depthTexture)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST)
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST)
gl.texImage2D(
gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT, width, height, 0,
gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, null,
)
const buffer = gl.createFramebuffer()
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, buffer)
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture, 0)
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.TEXTURE_2D, depthTexture, 0)
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null)
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null)
return {
buffer,
colorTexture,
depthTexture,
}
}
My main function where I draw all the elements GitHub
const chromatic = new ChromaticAberration(gl)
const depth = new DepthField(gl)
const bufftex1 = createFramebuffer(gl, canvas.width, canvas.height)
GLB.animate = (time) => {
window.requestAnimationFrame(GLB.animate)
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
gl.viewport(0.0, 0.0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, bufftex1.buffer)
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT + gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
drawCubes()
skybox.draw()
const bufftex2 = createFramebuffer(gl, canvas.width, canvas.height)
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, bufftex2.buffer)
depth.draw(
canvas.width, canvas.height, bufftex1.colorTexture, bufftex1.depthTexture,
document,
)
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null)
gl.disable(gl.DEPTH_TEST)
chromatic.draw(time, canvas.width, canvas.height, bufftex2.colorTexture, document)
}
Update 1
Glitchy:
Correct:
The object we can see, move, but in the "glitchy" version they don't. There is no error in the browser. It's like if the framebuffer had only the first draw call.
Update 2
You can find the source code here: https://github.com/ice-blaze/lilengine/tree/depth%2313
If you want to run the project:
git clone
npm install
npm start
go to http://localhost:8080/
The answer was: a missing gl.clear(...). After binding a new framebuffer I guess it is a good habit to do a clear.

WebGL: Display Depth Texture

I'm new to WebGL and trying to implement depth textures for later usage in Shadow Maps.
Below is my code of the initilisation of the framebuffer.
In the function drawTest I first bind all Buffers needed and draw the vertices of the Model into the framebuffer which is attached to a texture.
Shouldn't this work? All i got is a white screen and no error.
this.drawTest = function (model1) {
this.model1 = model1;
if (model1.Image.ReadyState === true && model1.Ready === false) {
this.PrepareModel(model1);
}
if (model1.Ready) {
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.model1.Vertices);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(this.VertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, model1.Triangles);
}
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.depthFramebuffer);
gl.clear(gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, model1.numItems, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
}
this.InitDrawDepth = function(size) {
this.depthTextureExt = gl.getExtension("WEBGL_depth_texture"); // Or browser-appropriate prefix
if(!this.depthTextureExt) {
console.log("WEBGL_depth_texture Extension not available!");
return;
}
// Create a color texture
this.colorTexture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.colorTexture);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, size, size, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
this.depthTexture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.depthTexture);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT, size, size, 0, gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, null);
// var framebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
this.depthFramebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, this.depthFramebuffer);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.colorTexture, 0);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.TEXTURE_2D, this.depthTexture, 0);
if(!gl.checkFramebufferStatus(gl.FRAMEBUFFER) === gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
console.log("Framebuffer incomplete!");
}
//reset Framebuffer
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null);
this.depthTextureSize = size;
}
I managed to solve the problem. I had another function causing trouble with the original buffers.
Thanks to everyone who tried to figure out the problem.

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