Jenkins: 403 No valid crumb was included in the request - jenkins

Question

I configured Jenkins in Spinnaker as follows and setup the Spinnaker pipeline.
jenkins:
# If you are integrating Jenkins, set its location here using the baseUrl
# field and provide the username/password credentials.
# You must also enable the "igor" service listed separately.
#
# If you have multiple Jenkins servers, you will need to list
# them in an igor-local.yml. See jenkins.masters in config/igor.yml.
#
# Note that Jenkins is not installed with Spinnaker so you must obtain this
# on your own if you are interested.
enabled: ${services.igor.enabled:false}
defaultMaster:
name: default
baseUrl: http://server:8080
username: spinnaker
password: password
But I am seeing the following error when trying to run the Spinnaker pipeline.
Exception ( Start Jenkins Job )
403 No valid crumb was included in the request

Answer 1

Finally, this post helped me to do away with the crumb problem, but still securing Jenkins from a CSRF attack.
Solution for no-valid crumb included in the request issue
Basically, we need to first request for a crumb with authentication and then issue a POST API calls with a crumb as a header along with authentication again.
This is how I did it,
curl -v -X GET http://jenkins-url:8080/crumbIssuer/api/json --user <username>:<password>
The response was,
{
"_class":"hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer",
"crumb":"0db38413bd7ec9e98974f5213f7ead8b",
"crumbRequestField":"Jenkins-Crumb"
}
Then the POST API call with the above crumb information in it.
curl -X POST http://jenkins-url:8080/job/<job-name>/build --user <username>:<password> -H 'Jenkins-Crumb: 0db38413bd7ec9e98974f5213f7ead8b'

Answer 2

This solution is safe to use
We came along this issue when we changed Jenkins to be accessible via a reverse proxy.
There is an option in the "Configure Global Security" that "Enable proxy compatibility"
This helped with my issue.
Another solution
In the GitHub payload URL, make your URL look like this:
https://jenkins:8080/github-webhook/
Don’t forget to mention / at the end.

Answer 3

To resolve this issue I unchecked "Prevent Cross Site Request Forgery exploits" in jenkins.com/configureSecurity section and it started working.

Answer 4

I solved this by using an API token as a basic authentication password. Here is how:
curl -v -X POST http://jenkins-url:8080/job/<job-name>/buildWithParameters?param=value --user <username>:<token>
Note: To create the API token under the accounts icon → Configure → API Token → Add New token.

Answer 5

A crumb is nothing but an access token. Below is the API to get the crumb:
https://jenkins.xxx.xxx.xxx/crumbIssuer/api/json
// Replace it with your Jenkins URL and make a GET call in your Postman or REST API caller.
This will generate output like:
{
"_class": "hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer",
"crumb": "ba4742b9d92606f4236456568a",
"crumbRequestField": "Jenkins-Crumb"
}
Below are more details and link related to same:
How to request for the crumb issuer for Jenkins
Jenkins wiki page.
If you are calling the same via REST API call, checkout the below link where it is explained how to do a REST call using jenkins-crumb.
https://blog.dahanne.net/2016/05/17/how-to-update-a-jenkins-job-posting-config-xml/
Example:
curl -X POST http://anthony:anthony#localhost:8080/jenkins/job/pof/config.xml --data-binary "#config.xml" -data ".crumb=6bbabc426436b72ec35e5ad4a4344687"

Answer 6

For the new release of Jenkins you should follow the solution below:
From Upgrading to Jenkins 2.176.3:
Upgrading to Jenkins 2.176.2 Improved CSRF protection
SECURITY-626
CSRF tokens (crumbs) are now only valid for the web session they were
created in to limit the impact of attackers obtaining them. Scripts
that obtain a crumb using the /crumbIssuer/api URL will now fail to
perform actions protected from CSRF unless the scripts retain the web
session ID in subsequent requests. Scripts could instead use an API
token, which has not required a CSRF token (crumb) since Jenkins 2.96.
To disable this improvement you can set the system property
hudson.security.csrf.DefaultCrumbIssuer.EXCLUDE_SESSION_ID to true.
Alternatively, you can install the Strict Crumb Issuer Plugin which
provides more options to customize the crumb validation. It allows
excluding the web session ID from the validation criteria, and instead
e.g. replacing it with time-based expiration for similar (or even
better) protection from CSRF
In my case, it helped for the installation of the Strict Crumb Issuer Plugin, rebooting Jenkins and applying a less strict policy for the web interface of Jenkins as it is suggested on the vendor's site.

Answer 7

According to Jenkins Directive
First you have to check your Jenkins version if the version is < 2.176.2 then per Jenkins guideline CSRF tokens (crumbs) are now only valid for the web session they were created in to limit the impact of attackers obtaining them. Scripts that obtain a crumb using the /crumbIssuer/api URL will now fail to perform actions protected from CSRF unless the scripts retain the web session ID in subsequent requests.
Alternatively, you can install the Strict Crumb Issuer Plugin which provides more options to customize the crumb validation. It allows excluding the web session ID from the validation criteria, and instead e.g. replacing it with time-based expiration for similar (or even better) protection from CSRF.
Steps :
you have to installed the plugin called "Strict Crumb Issuer"
Once installed restart the jenkins service
got to "Manage Jenkins" --> "Configure Global Security" --> Under CSRF Protection, select "Strict Crumb Issue" from the drop down list --> Click on Advance and uncheck everything but select "Prevent Breach Attack" option. --> Apply and save.
Now run you crumb script.
It should work now.
Check this image for your reference

Answer 8

You need a two-step procedure to first get a crumb from the server and then use it.
I am using this Bash script and cURL for that:
#!/bin/bash
# buildme.sh Runs a build Jenkins build job that requires a crumb
# e.g.
# $ ./buildme.sh 'builderdude:monkey123' 'awesomebuildjob' 'http://paton.example.com:8080'
# Replace with your admin credentials, build job name and Jenkins URL
#
# More background:
# https://support.cloudbees.com/hc/en-us/articles/219257077-CSRF-Protection-Explained
USERPASSWORD=$1
JOB=$2
SERVER=$3
# File where web session cookie is saved
COOKIEJAR="$(mktemp)"
CRUMB=$(curl -f -u "$USERPASSWORD" --cookie-jar "$COOKIEJAR" "$SERVER/crumbIssuer/api/xml?xpath=concat(//crumbRequestField,%22:%22,//crumb)")
status=$?
if [[ $status -eq 0 ]] ; then
curl -f -X POST -u "$USERPASSWORD" --cookie "$COOKIEJAR" -H "$CRUMB" "$SERVER"/job/"$JOB"/build
status=$?
fi
rm "$COOKIEJAR"
exit $status
Here is an example of executing this script with the parameters you need:
./buildme.sh 'builderdude:monkey123' 'awesomebuildjob'
Output:
'http://paton.example.com:8080'
This script will return an error code if one of the cURL command fails for any reason.
More details can be found from cloudbees.

Answer 9

I did get the same "403 No valid crumb was included in request" error when I created a Jenkins job from a Java program using jenkins-client library, i.e., com.offbytwo.jenkins. Then I used the Jenkins API token instead of password in the following code. Now, the issue is fixed.
JenkinsServer jServer = new JenkinsServer(new URI(jenkins_url), jnkn_username, jnkn_password);
We can generate an API token from the Jenkins console. Profile → Configure → API Token (Add new token).
The same API token can also be used instead of a password with curl.
curl -v -X POST http://jenkins-url:port/job/<job-name>/buildWithParameters?param=value --user <jen_username>:<jenkins_api_token>

Answer 10

I lost a bunch of time trying to figure this out. At the end, I just installed the plugin Build Authorization Token Root and enabled build permissions to anonymous users.
At the end doesn't really matter, because the Jenkins instance is behind a VPN and I'm using https://smee.io to forward the webhook to the Jenkins instance.
Also the Jenkins instance is behind a reverse proxy, so the "Enable proxy compatibility" option is checked as well, and the "ignore_invalid_headers" setting set to off in the Nginx configuration at the server level. I am sharing my solution just in case someone else is struggling as well. I'm sure there are better ways to do it, but this is one option.
Note that with this plugin the build URL is set to buildByToken/build?job=JobName&token=TokenValue and the token is generated in the job settings.
This is in Jenkins 2.235.2 which doesn't have an option to disable CSRF.

Answer 11

Since this question is the first SO link when searching for "No valid crumb was included in the request" in Google, I think it's worth mentioning that the same error is generated if you omit/forget the Authorization HTTP header or use a blank username/password:
Relevant error messages related to the Authorization header are only generated when a value is passed:
And, yes, the crumb passed in the first screenshots is actually valid; everything works with the correct username/password:
So, not sure if that's a bug or not, but "No valid crumb was included in the request" could also mean you accidentally forgot the Authorization header.
Jenkins 2.222.3, Ubuntu Server 20.04, Java Runtime 1.8.0_252-8u252-b09-1ubuntu1-b09

Answer 12

For me, the below solutions work in Bitbucket:
I updated the URL to:
http://jenkinsurl:8080/bitbucket-hook/
Bitbucket Webhook:

Answer 13

Visiting Jenkins with https://... instead of http://... solved the problem for me.

Answer 14

For me the solution was to pass the X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Port headers
as suggested in the reverse-proxy-configuration-troubleshooting chapter of the Handbook.
HaProxy config, inside the frontend section:
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Host %[hdr(host)]
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Port %[dst_port]

Answer 15

I had the same issue while using a GitLab webhook with a Jenkins Multibranch pipeline.
On the GitLab webhook page, I changed the Jenkins job URL base path word job to project, as I found on in this link:
From: http://127.0.0.1:8080/job/user-test-repo
To: http://127.0.0.1:8080/project/user-test-repo

Answer 16

I followed this comment: In Dashboard → Manage Jenkins → Configure Global Security. Under CSRF Protection, choose option Enable proxy compatibility. It works for me.

Answer 17

When I was trying to build a job in Jenkins by following options like build steps, accessing Git code, whatever the options, etc., I
faced the error
jenkins-403-no-valid-crumb-was-included-in-the-request
Seriously, I tried a number of ways to resolve it... But there wasn't any luck...!
Surprisingly, I changed my Wi-Fi network, and then it worked.

Answer 18

In my case, I was able to bypass the error by using Remote Desktop into the Jenkins server directly and using
a localhost-based URL instead of trying to go through the corporate proxy from my computer.

Answer 19

I also faced a similar problem. I was using a password instead of a token.
When updated, it solved my problem. There isn't any need to uncheck anything and make it insecure. Below are the complete steps that I followed to have Jenkins CLI working:
Step 1: Prepare environment variables
export JENKINS_URL=http://localhost:8080/
export JENKINS_USER=admin
export JENKINS_PASSWORD=b7f04f4efe5ee117912a1.....
export JENKINS_CRUMB=f360....
export FOLDER=test
Obtain a token as:
How to get the API token for Jenkins
Get the crumb as:
http://localhost:8080/crumbIssuer/api/json
Step 2: Prepare the XML file, file name creds.xml
<com.cloudbees.plugins.credentials.impl.UsernamePasswordCredentialsImpl>
<scope>GLOBAL</scope>
<id>TEST-CLI</id>
<username>test</username>
<password>test123</password>
<description>this secret if created confirms that jenkins-cli is working</description>
</com.cloudbees.plugins.credentials.impl.UsernamePasswordCredentialsImpl>
Step 3: POST using cURL
curl -X POST -u $JENKINS_USER:$JENKINS_PASSWORD -H "Jenkins-Crumb:${JENKINS_CRUMB}" -H 'content-type:application/xml' -d #creds.xml "$JENKINS_URL/job/$FOLDER/credentials/store/folder/domain/_/createCredentials"

Answer 20

Here is my solution to this issue (Git hooks to launch a Jenkins job behind a reverse proxy).
Get the crumb from a first call and store the sessionid in a cookie jar:
CRUMB=$(/usr/bin/curl --cookie-jar ./cookie -sX GET https://******.net/crumbIssuer/api/json|cut -d'"' -f8)
Launch the job:
/usr/bin/curl --cookie ./cookie -X POST https://******.net/job/PROJECTNAME/build -H "Jenkins-Crumb: $CRUMB"

Answer 21

The guide CSRF Protection Explained explains how to generate a Jenkins crumb, save the cookies and use both the crumb and the saved cookies in the subsequent requests that require authentication. This is a must for Jenkins after version 2.176.2.

Answer 22

For Java code to access the Jenkins API I will let my advise out.
The answer of Santhosh does resolve the problem. That consists in changing the password for a token, but as far as I know, the token is now a legacy manner to do it.
So I tried other way, and find out a solution inside Java code.
Here how I did it.
In my Java code I use the com.offbytwo.jenkins package and the class that I use is JenkinsServer.
My problem was to create a job in Jenkins because I was getting an error: "403 No valid crumb was included in request"
Then I found a Boolean parameter called crumbFlag and passed true on it and everything worked.
My code was like this:
jenkins.createJob(job.getName(), config);
Then, I changed for this, and it worked like a charm:
jenkins.createJob(job.getName(), config, true);
This parameter is inside almost all methods of this package, by example:
createJob(String jobName, String jobXml, Boolean crumbFlag)
updateJob(String jobName, String jobXml, boolean crumbFlag)
renameJob(String oldJobName, String newJobName, Boolean crumbFlag)
Others.
The technical documentation inside the code is:
#param crumbFlag true to add crumbIssuer
* false otherwise.
I understood if you pass true for this parameter it will issue a crumb automatically.
Well, the official documentation has this information in detail. If you wish, take a look here:
Class JenkinsServer

Answer 23

I had the same issue when trying to set up a GitHub project with the GitHub Pull Request Builder plugin.
Here is an example of the response I was getting from my Jenkins server
Response content
The problem was happening because my payload URL was missing a forward slash at the end, /.
adding a forward slash at the end of the URL solves the problem
your payload URL should look like this: https://jenkins.host.com/ghprbhook/
Examples after adding the forward slash

Answer 24

I am running with a reverse proxy with nignx. I changed a Jenkins option in the "Configure Global Security", that "Enable proxy compatibility".
This fixed with my issue.

Answer 25

First create a user API token by going to user → API Token → Add new token.
Then use the below script for triggering.
import jenkins,requests
job_name='sleep_job'
jenkins_url = "http://10.10.10.294:8080"
auth = ("jenkins","1143e7efc9371dde2e4f312345bec")
request_url = "{0:s}/job/{1:s}/buildWithParameters".format(jenkins_url,
job_name, )
crumb_data = requests.get("{0:s}/crumbIssuer/api/json".format(jenkins_url),
auth=auth, ).json()
headers = {'Jenkins-Crumb': crumb_data['crumb']}
jenkins_job_params={}
jenkins_job_params['NODE_NAME']='10_10_1_29'
jenkins_job_params['SLEEP_TIME']='1h'
response = requests.post(request_url, data=jenkins_job_params, auth=auth, )
response.raise_for_status()

Answer 26

Head over to Manage Jenkins => Configure global security.
Then uncheck "Prevent Cross Site Request Forgery exploits"

Answer 27

I have run into the same issue. I have only refreshed my browser, logged back in to Jenkins, did the same process and everything worked.