I'm in the Pacific timezone and I'm creating a discord bot to send a message at 8am in CENTRAL time.
import os
import discord
from discord.ext import commands
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from rich import print
from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler
from apscheduler.triggers.cron import CronTrigger
load_dotenv()
TOKEN = os.getenv('DISCORD_TOKEN')
intents = discord.Intents.default()
intents.members = True
bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix = '!', intents=intents)
# Will become the good morning message
async def gm():
c = bot.get_channel(channel_id_removed)
await c.send("This will be the good morning message.")
#bot.event
async def on_ready():
for guild in bot.guilds:
print(
f'{bot.user} is connected to the following guild:\n'
f'\t{guild.name} (id: {guild.id})'
)
#initializing scheduler for time of day sending
scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler()
# Attempts to set the timezone
# scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler(timezone='America/Chicago')
# scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler({'apscheduler.timezone': 'America/Chicago'})
# scheduler.configure(timezone='America/Chicago')
# Set the time for sending
scheduler.add_job(gm, CronTrigger(hour="6", minute="0", second="0"))
#starting the scheduler
scheduler.start()
#bot.event
async def on_member_join(member):
general_channel = None
guild_joined = member.guild
print(guild_joined)
general_channel = discord.utils.get(guild_joined.channels, name='general')
print(f'General Channel ID: {general_channel}')
if general_channel:
embed=discord.Embed(title="Welcome!",description=f"Welcome to The Dungeon {member.mention}!!")
await general_channel.send(embed=embed)
bot.run(TOKEN)
Environment:
Windows 10
Python 3.10.4
APScheduler 3.9.1
pytz 2022.1
pytz-deprecation-shim 0.1.0.post0
tzdata 2022.1
tzlocal 4.2
I'm just wondering if I'm doing something wrong? Or if what I'm trying to do simply isn't supported? It works if I use my local time so I know the function is ok.
You are using the asyncio scheduler but you're not running an asyncio event loop, so there is no way this could work. Copy/paste from the provided example:
from datetime import datetime
import asyncio
import os
from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler
def tick():
print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now())
if __name__ == '__main__':
scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler()
scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)
scheduler.start()
print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C'))
# Execution will block here until Ctrl+C (Ctrl+Break on Windows) is pressed.
try:
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
pass
The reason it is not working is because, while scheduler.start() instantiates an event loop as a side effect, it expects the loop to be run elsewhere so that the scheduler can do its work.
Qt has a promising SCXML module. Since PySCXML is obsolete, there is no other native python scxml library, which lets me run a scxml statemachine. That's why I try PySide6.
Since I don't need any Qt despite of the scxml library, I thought about running the QCoreApplication in a seperate thread, in order to have the event-loop right there.
According to the documentation QScxmlStateMachine needs one.
Unfortunately my start_statemachine() method doesn't return, but the statemachine starts working.
Any advice on how to start a QScxmlStateMachine in a thread is welcomed.
from PySide6.QtCore import QCoreApplication, QObject
from PySide6.QtScxml import QScxmlStateMachine
from PySide6.QtCore import QTimer
import threading
def start_statemachine(filename):
app = QCoreApplication()
mysm = MyStateMachine(filename)
mysm.start_sm()
app.exec()
class MyStateMachine(QObject):
def __init__(self, filename):
super(MyStateMachine, self).__init__()
self.sm = QScxmlStateMachine.fromFile(filename)
self.counter = 0
self.timer = QTimer()
self.timer.setInterval(2000)
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.recurring_timer)
self.timer.start()
def start_sm(self):
print('starting statemachine')
self.sm.setRunning(True)
def recurring_timer(self):
print(self.sm.activeStateNames())
self.counter += 1
print("Counter: %d" % self.counter)
print('statemachine running status: ' + str(self.sm.isRunning()))
if __name__ == '__main__':
x = threading.Thread(target=start_statemachine('statemachine.scxml'))
x.start() #won't be reached
while True:
pass #do something else
x.join()
The thread target needs to be a reference to a function that will be called in the external thread, but you're not running start_statemachine() in another thread: you're actually executing it in place:
x = threading.Thread(target=start_statemachine('statemachine.scxml'))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Your program is stuck there, no thread is even created because the constructor is still "waiting" for start_statemachine() to return, and since exec() is blocking, nothing else happens.
A basic solution could be to use a lambda:
x = threading.Thread(target=lambda: start_statemachine('statemachine.scxml'))
But you'll need access to the application in order to be able to quit it: x.join() won't do nothing, because the QCoreApplication event loop will keep going, so a possibility is to create a basic class that provides a reference to the application:
class StateMachineWrapper:
app = None
def __init__(self, filename):
self.filename = filename
def start(self):
self.app = QCoreApplication([])
mysm = MyStateMachine(self.filename)
mysm.start_sm()
self.app.exec()
# ...
if __name__ == '__main__':
statemachine = StateMachineWrapper('statemachine.scxml')
x = threading.Thread(target=statemachine.start)
x.start()
while True:
pass #do something else
if statemachine.app:
statemachine.app.quit()
x.join()
I have a class with two functions in a Kivy app. One function calls the second with Clock.schedule_once(function_name).
class SivaCEFBrowser(Screen):
def back_to_login(self):
App.get_running_app().root.current='login_screen'
App.get_running_app().root.transition.direction='right'
def go_to_verify(self):
App.get_running_app().root.current='verify_screen'
App.get_running_app().root.transition.direction='left'
def launch_cef_browser(self):
sys.excepthook = cef.ExceptHook # To shutdown all CEF processes on error.
cef.Initialize()
cef.CreateBrowserSync(url="https://www.google.com/", window_title="Hello World!")
cef.MessageLoop()
cef.Shutdown()
def trigger_browser(self):
Clock.schedule_once(self.launch_cef_browser)
When my code runs, the trigger_browser() function is called which, in turn, invokes launch_cef_browser(). This is the error that I get:
What am I missing here?
You need to define launch_cef_browser function like def launch_cef_browser(self, *args).
The *args argument is being used by kivy for internal processing of the function.
I am using dask to process files line by line. However, dask seems that do not do anything. My code logic is as follows:
import dask
from dask import delayed
from time import sleep
#dask.delayed
def inc(x):
sleep(1)
print(x)
def test():
for i in range(5):
delayed(inc)(i)
dask.compute(test())
However, no any outputs in console. Why?
Your function test does not return anything.
Perhaps you meant to do something like
def test():
out = []
for i in range(5):
out.append(inc(i))
return out
(note that you already decorated inc with delayed, there is no need to call delayed(inc) again)
I'm brand new to Kivy, and also new to GUI, but not new to programming.
I am completely missing the boat, the canoe, and the airplane on using Kivy.
In 30 years of programming, from machine code, assembly, Fortran, C, C++, Java, Python, I've never tried to use a language such as Kivy who's documentation is this thin, because it's so new. I know it'll get better, but I'm trying to use it now.
In my code, I'm trying to implement Queueing, so that I can obtain Python socket data. In normal Python programming, I would have IPC via a Queue - put data in, get data out.
I understand from Kivy, mostly from what I've read in various forums, but can't say I've found it in the documentation at kivy.org, that I can't do the following:
Kivy needs to be in it's own thread.
Nothing in Kivy should sleep.
Nothing in Kivy should do blocking IO.
After a LOT of Google searching, the only thing I've actually found that approaches being useful, is an informative note here on StackOverFlow . However, while it almost solves my problem, the answer assumes I know more about Kivy than I do; I don't know how to incorporate the answer.
If someone could take the time to put together a COMPLETE short demo of using that example, or one of your own unique COMPLETE answers, I would much appreciate it!
Here's some short code I put together, but it doesn't work, because it blocks on the get() call.
from Queue import Queue
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
from kivy.clock import Clock
from threading import Thread
class ClockedQueue(BoxLayout):
text1 = StringProperty("Start")
def __init__(self):
super(ClockedQueue,self).__init__()
self.q = Queue()
self.i=0
Clock.schedule_interval(self.get, 2)
def get(self,dt):
print("get entry")
val = self.q.get()
print(self.i + val)
self.i += 1
class ClockedQueueApp(App):
def build(self):
return ClockedQueue()
class SourceQueue(Queue):
def __init__(self):
q = Queue()
for word in ['First','Second']:
q.put(word)
print("SourceQueue finished.")
def main():
th = Thread(target=SourceQueue)
th.start()
ClockedQueueApp().run()
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Thanks!
Here's some short code I put together, but it doesn't work, because it blocks on the get() call.
So what you really want to do is get items from your queue in a non-blocking way?
There are multiple ways to do this. The simplest seems to be to just check if the queue has any items before getting one - Queue has several methods that help with this, including checking if it is empty or setting whether get is allowed to be blocking (by setting its first argument to False). If you just do this instead of calling get on its own, you won't block things waiting for the queue to have any items - if it's empty or you can't immediately get anything, you just do nothing.
I don't know what you want to do with the items you get from the queue, but if it's short operations that don't take long then you won't need anything more than this. For instance, you could Clock.schedule_interval the get method to happen every frame, do nothing if the queue is empty, or operate on the data if you get something back. No blocking, and no messing with your own threads.
You can also create your own thread and run the blocking code in it, which is general way to deal with blocking issues, especially tasks that can't be split up into short sections that can be performed between frames. I don't know about the details of this, but it should just involve using python threads normally. You can check the source of kivy's UrlRequest for an example, this can download a web source in a background thread.
Edit: Also your SourceQueue is messed up (you override its __init__ to make a new queue that you don't store anywhere), and your clock scheduling has a meaningless third argument false which isn't even defined. I don't know what's going on here, it probably affects what you're trying to do, but doesn't matter to my general answer above.
I was finally able to create something that worked.
Thanks everyone for your suggestions!
Here's the code (because I'm new, Stackoverflow wouldn't let me post it as answering my own question until 5:00 AM)
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# threads_and_kivy.py
#
'''threads_and_kivy.py
Trying to build up a foundation that satisfies the following:
- has a thread that will implement code that:
- simulates reads data from a Python socket
- works on the data
- puts the data onto a Python Queue
- has a Kivy mainthread that:
- via class ShowGUI
- reads data from the Queue
- updates a class variable of type StringProperty so it will
update the label_text property.
'''
from threading import Thread
from Queue import Queue, Empty
import time
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.clock import Clock
kv='''
<ShowGUI>:
Label:
text: str(root.label_text)
'''
Builder.load_string(kv)
q = Queue()
class SimSocket():
global q
def __init__(self, queue):
self.q = queue
def put_on_queue(self):
print("<-----..threaded..SimSocket.put_on_queue(): entry")
for i in range(10):
print(".....threaded.....SimSocket.put_on_queue(): Loop " + str(i))
time.sleep(1)#just here to sim occassional data send
self.some_data = ["SimSocket.put_on_queue(): Data Loop " + str(i)]
self.q.put(self.some_data)
print("..threaded..SimSocket.put_on_queue(): thread ends")
class ShowGUI(BoxLayout):
label_text = StringProperty("Initial - not data")
global q
def __init__(self):
super(ShowGUI, self).__init__()
print("ShowGUI.__init__() entry")
Clock.schedule_interval(self.get_from_queue, 1.0)
def get_from_queue(self, dt):
print("---------> ShowGUI.get_from_queue() entry")
try:
queue_data = q.get(timeout = 5)
self.label_text = queue_data[0]
for qd in queue_data:
print("SimKivy.get_from_queue(): got data from queue: " + qd)
except Empty:
print("Error - no data received on queue.")
print("Unschedule Clock's schedule")
Clock.unschedule(self.get_from_queue)
class KivyGui(App):
def build(self):
return ShowGUI()
def main():
global q
ss = SimSocket(q)
simSocket_thread = Thread(name="simSocket",target=ss.put_on_queue)
simSocket_thread.start()
print("Starting KivyGui().run()")
KivyGui().run()
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()