I use the cordova plugin "ionic-plugin-deeplinks" (to my knowledge also works with a plain cordova app).
On Android, links when clicked let users choice between chrome and my application.
=> I suppose that app links works
=> As I'm able to access window.IonicDeeplink and redirect the user to the right page
I'm not able to have the same behavior on iOS, when I click a link I always get the app open in Safari.
How can I find clue on issues ?
More context:
apple-app-site-association is got with a HTTP 200 (over https only), it's located in /.well-known/apple-app-site-association:
I checked TeamID and BundleID 5 times (at least);
with the branch.io validator i get all validations green:
Your domain is valid (valid DNS).
Your file is served over HTTPS.
Your server does not return error status codes greater than 400.
Your file's 'content-type' header was found :)
Your JSON is validated.
with the apple validator, I got : "Action required
Could not extract required information for Universal Links. Learn how to implement the recommended Universal Links.
Error no apps with domain entitlements
The entitlement data used to verify deep link dual authentication is from the current released version of your app. This data may take 48 hours to update." (but some devs said that working app add the same error) what to do with that result?
when monitoring server's log while installing the app with Xcode I see a request get a HTTP 200 on apple-app-site-association
while installing the app with Xcode I got no logs referring to swcd in Xcode (I read here that I should if I had error while installing the app). Is a successful installation silent?
I followed that guide to setup entitlements, but some things feel odd with it:
Unlike the snapshot in the guide, I didn't found any *.entitlements file in my project. Should I have one with cordova? (my xCode seems to remember my setting though). Is it possible to check that installed app get entitlements?
I did set my domain in Xcode like this: applinks:mydomain.com and the switch is ON. But I never uploaded any thing from my local dev environment to apple services. Should I have? If yes, how ?
My current interrogations are highlighted but any explanations on any lack of understanding will be more than welcome!!!
Until then I started a verification for testFlight looking for more info.
while installing the app with Xcode I got no logs referring to swcd in xCode
I implemented Universal Links manually, but situation was similar. Particularly I mentioned empty swcd process log while installing the app, and it turned out that most likely iOS didn't even try to download apple-app-site-association file, like if responsible process wasn't run. In my case device restart helped and deep-linking began to work.
Thus I think restarting device is one another step in troubleshooting when you are sure about all your setup.
For anyone trying to debug this in development:
In XCode, ensure you're editing the Debug version of Signing & Capabilities.
To bypass the Apple Universal Links CDN, configure your Debug domains like applinks:?mode=developer -- adding that query string in development is important.
On your iOS Device, go to Settings->Developer->Universal Links and ensure the Associated Domains Development toggle is switched on.
On your iOS Device in Settings->Developer->Universal Links->Diagnostics, enter your Universal Links URL and ensure you get a green checkmark.
After following all of these steps, Universal Links work locally.
Since iOS9, universal links work on iOS, but I am wondering if there is something like that on macOS? We have an application that is a macOS-App with a corresponding Web-App, and we would love links clicked by the user to open in the Mac-App instead of opening the browser with the target-link.
Is that anyhow possible on macOS? I just found samples for iOS, but none for macOS?!?
Supporting Universal Links on macOS requires support from both your app and your website (and macOS 10.15+).
See Apple's documentation Allowing Apps and Websites to Link to Your Content for details (the article deals with iOS, tvOS and macOS deep links), and its sub-articles Enabling Universal Links as well as Handling Universal Links.
Quick overview:
Basically, it's the same as on iOS: you need to create an apple-app-site-association file that is hosted on your server either in the root directory or in the .well-known directory (described in "Enabling Universal Links" linked above). It describes which URL paths can be passed to your app. It's important that this file is valid JSON (validate it!) and is served via HTTPS with a valid certificate and without any redirects!
You need to enable the "Associated Domains" capability in your provisioning profile. Details depend on whether Xcode manages your profiles or not. In your entitlements file (usually editable via the "Signing & Capabilities" tab of your target in Xcode) you need add the corresponding associated domain, like applinks:my.domain.example (no https:// or anything, just the raw domain name).
Then you need to implement application(_:continue:restorationHandler:) in your app delegate to handle the Universal Link.
It can be annoying to make macOS pick up the association for the first time during development. Debugging hints:
Open Console.app and filter for swcd, that's the daemon responsible for associated web credentials and Universal Links. Sometimes you see hints why it did not work (like refusing the apple-app-site-association file).
Also I had to kill the swcd daemon to make it get restarted by launchd and then pick up changes/fixes I did to the apple-app-site-association file. Both iOS and macOS should usually reload this file on "app installation"1 (haven't seen this getting specified more clearly; I guess they mean App Store installs/updates but I don't know about when this is loaded for macOS apps distributed outside the App Store).
Also, be aware that entering a Universal Link in Safari will not hand off to your app: Apple has stated in the dev forums2 that they believe if a user is already in the browser environment they want to stay there and not suddenly move to an app. Therefor, to test the Universal Link, open Notes.app, create a new note and enter/paste the Universal Link you want to test there. You can then click it and get asked whether you want to open this in your app.
1) Sorry, don't have a dev forum link where I read this.
2) Again, sorry, don't have a link right now. Saw this stated at least two times by Apple employees, both cited the Notes trick. Even though they were talking about iOS there, this behaviour is the same on macOS as well.
I'm having trouble getting universal links to work
We have added the json content to our site https://couchsurfing.com/apple-app-site-association
I have double checked that it's using the correct team ID and bundle ID
Universal links is enabled in itunesConnect
running the apple validation fails with the following error:
Error no apps associated with url
I thought maybe the validator doesn't work, but running on iOS 10 device (universal link capability on, with added correct domain to it) clicking a valid link does not trigger the delegate methods in AppDelegate
Any thoughts?
After 3 weeks... It turned out my path was incorrect. My suggestion:
set paths to ["*", "/"] while debugging, get everything to work and test, then as the final step update the path and only include supported paths.
To be more specific the link I was trying to register was
site.com/events/123123 so I would add a path for /events which is wrong that would register site.com/events. I had to register /events/* instead
Also the easiest way to test it is to enter the expected links into the Notes app, because Safari has some weird logic on when links should be handled as deeplink.
Apple's app-site-association validator is useless, it's still failing for me complaining about my App id, when deeplinks actually work. Instead use https://limitless-sierra-4673.herokuapp.com/
I've recently had issues debugging the Universal Link functionality of my app.
I was able to get deep linking to work but it seemed to only work 10% of the time. Since I had just updated to iOS 12, I wanted to make sure there was nothing else I had to do as a developer to ensure the feature worked.
So what was causing intermittent failure?
It seems that iOS has a somewhat strict policy engine for determining when background threads can run.
I was able to observe this by USB tethering to my phone and opening up the debug console for my device
Xcode –> Windows –> Devices & Simulators
Click on device in the left pane
Click Open Console
From there, I was able to filter on "swcd" (SharedWebCredential Daemon). Keeping this console open, I was able to see the daemon at work during app install which is when iOS attempts to pull down the apple-app-site-association file for my app.
As it turns out, dasd (DuetActivitySchedulerDaemon) was failing to run the SharedWebCredential Daemon because my phone had restarted recently, then later it was determined that my phone was too hot...
e.g.
{name: ThunderingHerdPolicy, policyWeight: 1.000, response: {Decision: Must Not Proceed, Score: 0.00, Rationale: [{deviceInUse == 1 AND timeSinceThunderingHerdTriggerEvent < 900}]}}
], FinalDecision: Must Not Proceed}
{name: ThermalPolicy, policyWeight: 5.000, response: {Decision: Absolutely Must Not Proceed, Score: 0.00, Rationale: [{thermalLevel >= 20}]}}
], FinalDecision: Absolutely Must Not Proceed}
Developers beware!
I step through Apple's troubleshooting universal links procedure as already mentioned in other answers.
If still not working, and long-pressing the link in mail or notes app fails to show "Open with [your app]" then try restarting your phone. More than a few times this has been the solution for me!
The Apple validator checks some other things that are not necessary for Universal Links to work, and unfortunately that often results on false positive error messages. The file at https://couchsurfing.com/apple-app-site-association looks good to me, and it passes this validator just fine.
When clicking on a valid link, does the app not open, or just the delegate methods don't fire? These are two very different issues and would have different solutions. There are some troubleshooting steps you could try here, though some of those are specific to the Branch.io (full disclosure: I'm on the Branch team) linking platform.
As some sort of completion to the answers above (took me hours to find out):
The app needs to be installed AFTER you added your "apple-app-site-association" file to the server, as the file initially got fetched / checked after the installation.
So I followed this tutorial exactly and use the same values as the ones provided:
https://blog.branch.io/how-to-setup-universal-links-to-deep-link-on-apple-ios-9
The Apple Association file is also ready in the link directory:
WEB_PAGE:PORT_NUMBER/apple-app-site-association
Everything seems to be set up on this side.
I've added the entitlements, updated the provisioning profile, and everything's set up.
When I run the app on my device, and open the link http://WEB_PAGE:PORT_NUMBER, this always opens Safari.
I even have breakpoints in the following method:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application continueUserActivity:(NSUserActivity *)userActivity restorationHandler:(void(^)(NSArray * __nullable restorableObjects))restorationHandler
But zilch.
Has anyone perfected this? Is there something I'm missing?
There are a few possible issues.
Try pasting your domain into this link validator and make sure there are no issues: https://limitless-sierra-4673.herokuapp.com/ (credit to ShortStuffSushi -- see repo)
iOS logs an error message in the system logs if you don't have TLS set up properly on the domain specified in your entitlements. It's buried in the OS logs, not application logs. The error message will look like Sep 21 14:27:01 Derricks-iPhone swcd[2044] <Notice>: 2015-09-21 02:27:01.878907 PM [SWC] ### Rejecting URL 'https://examplecustomdomain.com/apple-app-site-association' for auth method 'NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust': -6754/0xFFFFE59E kAuthenticationErr. Error message pulled from here, quick (incomplete) instructions on using CloudFlare for TLS here.
In my personal testing, clicking/typing in a link in Safari has never once opened the app directly. Clicking from other apps (iMessage, Mail, Slack, etc.) has worked. Others have reported that clicking links in Google search results have opened the app directly.
Note that if a Universal Link succeeds in opening your app and then you click through to Safari (by tapping your site in the top right corner of the nav bar in app), then iOS stops opening the app when you visit that URL. Then in Safari, you can pull down to reveal a banner at the top of the page with "Open". I wasted a lot of time on this. Note that clicking through to the site => disabling UL seems path specific, based on the paths you specify in the apple-app-site-assocation file. So if you have separate routes, yoursite.com/a/* and yoursite.com/b/*, if you click yoursite.com/a/* and it opens your app directly, you then have the option in the top right corner of the app to click through to yoursite.com/a/*. If you do that, subsequent visits to yoursite.com/a/* will open in browser, not app. However, yoursite.com/b/* should be unaffected and still open your app directly.
Let me know if you discover what the issue is. I'm personally very curious about how Universal Links work and what edge cases exist.
There are a lot of ways this can go wrong. Two points caused me trouble:
In Xcode, when you add the Associated Domains entitlement, each entry needs to start with applinks: and then your domain name. E.g. applinks:www.apple.com.
Though Xcode created an entitlements file for me, it did not include in my build: I had to click that box manually.
And yes, after doing that, it wasn't necessary to sign the apple-app-site-association file: it is just plain text, and it works, as long as it's served over HTTPS. (You'll still need to sign it if you're supporting iOS 8, though.)
To help debugging this issue, search for "swcd" in your device's console output when installing your app to see if registering your universal link worked or failed.
Use an actual device, not the simulator.
Delete the app from you device.
Connect the device to your computer, and view the device's console output in xcode. (window -> devices -> [your device] -> open console). Keep this window open.
Install your app and let it launch.
Filter the console output to "swcd". If it's sucessful you will see something like the folowing screenshot. If it fails you'll see something else. If you don't see anything then you messed something fundamental like adding the Associated Domains entitlement.
There is apparently an error in the documentation for making the association file for Universal Links.
Where it says:
The value of the appID key is the app’s team ID and the bundle ID
it should say
The value of the appID key is the app’s Prefix and the bundle ID
For most apps, it seems that the Team ID and app prefixes are the same, but if your app has been in the store for many years, these values can be different.
To find this value, open the Member Center on https://developer.apple.com and look at "Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles", click "Identifiers", then "App IDs" in the table under "Identifiers". Find your app, and use the Prefix value and Bundle ID there to create your AppID for the association file.
To validate apple-app-site-association on the server side, you can
use Apple's official validator.
https://search.developer.apple.com/appsearch-validation-tool/
St.derrick's Answer is informative.
But to enable universal links again to open in app instead of safari we need to do the following thing.
Long press on Universal link in Mail or iMessage, then you will see options whether to open in safari or in App.
I realized that be problem for me was that links to the root directory a (eg. http://example.com/) did not open my app but if I added a path (eg. http://example.com/mypath) it worked. Adding "/" to the paths list sovled it:
{
"applinks": {
"apps": [],
"details": [
{
"appID": "TEAM_ID.BundleIdentifier",
"paths": [ "*", "/" ]
}
]
}
}
As answered by slutsker in this Apple Developer Forums thread.
For anyone who needs to easily test opening (Universal) Links, you can also open the link in your Simulator from the terminal with this command:
xcrun simctl openurl booted yourapp_or_http://yourlink
for example:
xcrun simctl openurl booted https://www.google.com
Quick steps to check whether you have implemented Universal Link correctly.
Tap and hold on the link that you expect to launch the app. You should see a "Open in [your app name]" in the Context Menu.
Open Notes app, type the link you expect to open the app. Tap Done. The link will turn yellow and tapping on the link should open your app, and not Safari.
If the link http://yourDomain.com is not launching the app, try http://yourDomain.com/yourFolder/
In Safari, If the Context Menu shows "Open in [your app name]" in safari, but tapping the link opens the link in safari itself instead of launching the app,
a. Try pulling down on the safari page that opened when the link was clicked like the way you 'pull to refresh'. A banner should appear that can open your app. Tap the banner to open the app, close the app by pressing home button, get back to safari and try launching the app by tapping the link again. This time on, the app should get launched because tapping the banner should have saved the preference to open the link in app.
b. If the app still don't get launched after the step a., try mailing the link to a webmail such as gmail and open the webmail site in safari and try clicking the link. If this works, you may have been trying to launch the app from the same domain as the link. From what I have seen, launching the app from the same domain mostly fails. Probably safari wont care to check whether the destination url is a universal link, when the link is into the same domain that user is on. So try to launch the app from another domain.
It's also super important to increment the project version or build number after integrating universal links. Even if you delete/reinstall, iOS won't pickup the links unless you bump the version.
Universal Links will not work if you paste the link into the browser URL field.
Universal Links work with a user driven <a href="..."> element click across domains. Example: if there is a Universal Link on google.com pointing to bnc.lt, it will open the app.
Universal Links will not work with a user driven <a href="..."> element click on the same domain. Example: if there is a Universal Link on google.com pointing to a different Universal Link on google.com, it will not open the app.
Universal Links cannot be triggered via Javascript (in window.onload or via a .click() call on an <a> element), unless it is part of a user action.
source: https://dev.branch.io/getting-started/universal-app-links/support/ios/#appsbrowsers-that-support-universal-links
The 3rd bullet cost me about a day to figure out.
Incase people here are looking for other solutions, we put together a whole step-by-step on debugging Universal Links as we've seen a lot of issues pop up, causing a LOT of headaches.
Check it out:
Universal Links Debugging Guide
If you're just looking to set up Universal Links fresh, this guide is really helpful:
iOS Deep Linking Setup Guide
Hope they're helpful!
Just thought I would add some things I discovered in case more people encounter the same issues as me in the future. These are mostly related to authentication errors.
Even though apple doesn't explicitly state it, the apple-app-site-association file must be served over https, even if signed. The certificate used for https must also be trusted by apple. So while a certificate added to the device in Settings -> General -> Profiles will allow https in safari, it will not allow universal links to work.
In the device logs, on an authentication error between the device and the server, there will be a value printed like "TrustResultValue" : 4. A TrustResultValue of 5 means the certificate is for the wrong domain (Eg. test.com served from www.test.com). A TrustResultValue of 4 means the certificate is not trusted for this use.
There may be some helpful steps for debugging here. The "Testing access to apple-app-site-association" section is a step by step guide for how to make sure the device is getting the apple-app-site-association file. The steps boil down to:
Uninstall the app. This is necessary because the file is downloaded on install.
Stop the server from properly serving apple-app-site-association.
In xcode, open Window -> Devices and then select your device.
Open the device logs by clicking the triangle at the bottom of the window.
Clear the logs by clicking the trashcan to clear any previous logs that might be related.
Reinstall the app with xcode by clicking the play button.
After the app has launched, if the device is correctly requesting the file then the device logs should contain an error that can be found by searching for "apple-app-site-association".
If the apple-app-site-association file is properly served (step 2 is left out) then there should be no error. An authentication error may instead be displayed if that is the problem.
We've added apple-app-site-association file to this location:
https://example.com/apple-app-site-association
On iOS 9 it worked fine, but on iOS 10 it didn't work.
It appeared that problem was with .well-known path:
https://example.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association
Because of https://example.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association path redirected to https://example.com
<Notice>: Allowing redirect 'https://example.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association' -> 'https://example.com/'
<Notice>: ### Rejecting AASA file size 154466 for URL https://example.com/.well-known/apple-app-site-association
In my opinion if somehow .well-known path doesn't work correctly it breaks universal links.
The most common cause is when user tap on the top right, thus telling iOS to NOT open the app (in this case Uber) in the future.
To fix, pull down to reveal the smart banner and tap on OPEN:
This will subsequently "remember" to open the app.
For ios13, there is a new format - check out here https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/supporting_associated_domains_in_your_app?language=objc
I updated my file to look like this:
{
"applinks": {
"apps": [],
"details": [
{
"appIDs": ["1234.app.company.appname"],
"appID": "1234.app.company.appname",
"components": [
{
"/": "/login"
}
],
"paths": [ "/login" ]
}
]
},
"webcredentials": {
"apps": ["1234.app.company.appname"]
}
}
After spending a day trying to get this to work, Restarting my phone solved the problem.
Uninstalling/Reinstalling the app didn't work either.
I've managed to make it work, but it took quite some time and struggle. Note that unless you sign the apple-app-site-association file (signing is optional!) tapping on a link in Safari will not open your app (it has caused me a lot of headache).
Sometimes I find that everything is fine with the association file but iOS decides to always open the universal link in Safari. To test if the app recognises the app link I add the URL to Notes or a Calendar entry and then long press it so the contextual menu appears. If it says "Open in {YOUR APP}" then the link is working but iOS is deciding to open it in Safari. Tapping "Open in {YOUR APP}" will tell iOS to open valid universal links via your app from then on.
Took me close to a day to figure this out.
The issue I had was not downloading the updated provisioning profiles in XCode (I also restarted XCode after this).
(Preferences > Accounts > View Details > Download All)
You can test universal links in simulator
From the App Search Programming Guide: Support Universal Links
After two days it turned out for me, that these kind of links (from branch)
applinks:xxxx.app.link
work only after Archiving (also Ad-hoc) the application and install it to the phone.
Hope this helps someone because this took me about two days to figure out.
We had to add www. to our associated-domains in our .entitlements file.
<string>applinks:www.yourdomain.com</string>
<string>activitycontinuation:www.yourdomain.com</string>
Because if we used yourdomain.com instead of www.yourdomain.com our servers did a redirect -> 304 and then didn't include the content-type: application/json for the apple-app-site-association file.
N.B. the universal links still work for yourdomain.com and www.yourdomain.com
If you are hosting your apple-app-site-association on Firebase, make sure to put it in /.well-known/ subdirectory! It appears that Xcode queries that URL first, and if it succeeds, it makes no attempt to query the apple-app-site-association in the root directory. For some reason, firebase engineers made the hosted websites to automatically respond to /.well-known/apple-app-site-association with an empty (but correctly formed) association file that overrides your custom one, leaving you with no clue why nothing works!
Go to developer.apple.com and edit one of your distribution profiles. In the editing page you can open a pop up for App IDs that will show a list of your app names and in () round brackets behind the app's name it reveals all your real App IDs. Some apps might have your team ID as prefix but some do not. Make sure to use exactly what you see in that pop up menu inside the () and put it into the apple-app-site-association details appID field. I had exactly this issue with an app and its universal links.
The issue for me turned out to be the apple-app-site-association file. According to Apple's documentation, only the applinks parameter is required. I added the activitycontinuation parameter and it worked.
{
"activitycontinuation": {
"apps": [
"9JA89QQLNQ.com.apple.wwdc"
]
},
"applinks": {
"apps": [],
"details": [{
"appID": "9JA89QQLNQ.com.apple.wwdc",
"paths": [ "/wwdc/news/", "/videos/wwdc/2015/*" ]
}]
}
}
Haven't really seen the exact same issue/solution combo that got it working for me so might as well add mine incase someone has the same problem!
For my app I am using a custom URL scheme (set in APP_TARGET > Info > URL Types) and set the URL scheme from here into the Firebase console to match but still wasn't working.
My problem was actually two problems:
Watch out if checking Automatically Manage Signing
If you are checking Xcode's "Automatically manage signing" setting like I was, since I was just trying to make a quick demo app, you will want to ensure that the TeamID that is used matches the one in your Firebase console. I originally went to my Apple Developer Account and copied the team ID from my Membership page, but later saw that the actual ID being used by Xcode was different. (You can find this in APP_TARGET > General > Signing > Signing Certificate. For me it looked like iPhone Developer: My Name (TEAM_ID)).
Prefix your TeamID to your Bundle Identifier in your URL Types
After I ensured these matched in my Firebase console and Xcode, my next problem was the identifier for my URL scheme. It's typical to use your bundle identifier here, but Firebase actually prefixes this with the Team ID you gave in your Firebase console, so I had to prefix it to the identifier in the URL types section in Xcode as well.
After these two fixes and re-downloading the GoogleService-Info.plist file I had no problem open up my dynamic links.
After two days of total desperation, I think I've finally fixed it. Here is my solution:
It seems that older apps use a different app prefix than newer apps. Newer apps only use the Team ID for this purpose. If the app prefix and the team ID are not identical, it seems that you need to specify the activity continuation field in the apple app site association file:
{
"activitycontinuation": {
"apps": [
"YOUR_APP_PREFIX.de.company.app"
]
},
"applinks": {
"apps": [],
"details": [
{
"appID": "YOUR_APP_PREFIX.de.company.app",
"paths": ["/*"]
}
]
}
}
Another thing I experienced during my hell ride was that deleting the app and restarting the device seems to be the only way to force refresh this file.
For me, after implementing all the answers from above and testing that the AASA file was indeed being downloaded with mpoisot's answer, my issue was that in Xcode I added the associated domain as:
applinks:example.com
and in my notes app I was trying to use:
Https://example.com
because my AASA is not signed and I wanted to ensure I was serving it through HTTPS. So it worked when in my notes app I tried to use:
example.com
It works for me on a physical device, using iOS 12.1.2 with either a development build from Xcode or a distribution build from Testflight
In my case I needed to make the server serve the apple-app-site-association file using content type: application/pkcs7-mime. In nginx I did it using this approach:
location ~ /.well-known/apple-app-site-association {
default_type application/pkcs7-mime;
}
As other suggested I also had to make sure I:
Use the new iOS apple-app-site-association format https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/supporting_associated_domains
Use the correct TEAM ID so it becomes "appIDs": [ "TEAM_ID.my-app-bundle-id"],
Make sure in Xcode's entitlements, the app associations start with applinks:
Note that I never saw the "success" messages in the Console app as shown in screenshots by another user. In the console I kept getting Entry [...] needs its JSON updated because the app PI changed, but this was not an issue.
Also note that when trying to open the apple-app-site-association in the browser, the file gets downloaded instead of displayed, but this was not an issue in my case.
And as always, use a real device, re-install app whenever you change things, potentially also restart device and maybe increment app version number.