I'm parsing the request_uri from a log file:
_sourceName="/opt/zazma/var/logs/AuditRequest.log"
| parse "method=*, statusCode=*, requestURI=*," as method, status_code, request_uri
| count by method, request_uri, status_code
| sort by request_uri
The URI includes IDs and email addresses. I want to replace all existing IDs with '{Id}' or '*', and all existing emails with '{email}', but Sumo's REPLACE function doesn't support regex.
Is there any other way to replace the value in the URI?
You can match the start and end bits each side of the part you want to replace and join them back together later:
parse regex "(?<start>.*)(?<guid>[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}?)(?<end>.*?)$" nodrop | concat(start, "{id}", end) as result
Related
I have a SQl language where it allows strings that are double- or single-quoted, i.e., 'hello' and "hello". Additionally, it may have a JSON object, and within a JSON object, only a double-quoted string is valid, so we can have something like this in SQL:
SELECT "one", 'two', JSON "hello", JSON {"x": 2}
In other words, I'd like to have two string-constructions:
String_Literal_SQL: " ... " | ' ... ';
String_Literal_JSON: " ... ";
But, these would be 'fighting' to pick up the double-quoted string. Is the answer to this to push the rule from the Lexer to the Parser, and have different tokens for the strings, i.e., doing:
string_literal_SQL: Double_Quoted_String | Single_Quoted_String;
string_literal_JSON: Double_Quoted_String;
For whatever reason the above feels a bit hack-ish, but then again I don't think there's a way to consume a single token two ways.
I am using karate 0.6.1 version and facing issue with get request with queryparam.
Scenario Outline: Verify the response Data with account details when there are filter values are provided with wildcard
Given params { <paramName>: <paramValue> }
When method get
Then status 200
Examples:
| paramName | paramValue |
| Name | 'Volvo%' |
| Name | 'test data'|
in the request url with queryparam becomes like url?Name=Volvo%25
And url?Name=test+data
which is not correct, how should i resolve that.
It is actually not wrong,
Url encoding is required to differentiate between special characters in your data vs special characters that are reserved to construct the URL.
Reserved Characters URL Encoding:
: Separate protocol (http) from address encoded as %3B
/ Separate domain and directories encoded as %2F
# Separate anchors encoded as %23
? Separate query string encoded as %3F
& Separate query elements encoded as %24
# Separate username and password from domain encoded as %40
% Indicates an encoded character encoded as %25
+ Indicates a space encoded as %2B
<space> Not recommended in URLs encoded as %20 or +
so if you are going to pass any special characters as data via URL you need to % encode them to avoid conflicts.
In karate, if you want to avoid your URL getting encoded, don't construct your URL using path, params, param definitions.
Instead, build your entire URL as a string and pass it to url. like,
* url 'http://httpbin.org/get?Name=Stark'
You might get an exception if you are trying to pass any special
characters in this.
so consider encoding the URL if you are going to pass any special characters.
I have the following piece of Code that I need to execute
URI uri = new URI("http://localhost:8080/rest/{data}");
The URI in the above example is from axis2-adb-1.5.1.jar - org.apache.axis2.databinding.types.URI
I tired using axis2-adb-1.6.1.jar as well. I get a MalformedURIException stating "Path Contains invalid character:{".
I can use a workaround and modify the URI to make it work
URI uri = new URI("http://localhost:8080/rest/%7Bdata%7D");
However, I am looking for options wherein I dont need to modify my input.
Moreover, can anyone answer me why does the axis jar have this limitation. I tried looking for explanations but could not find any.
Found few days ago that its not a valid scenario to add curly braces in URL. That can be added only after proper encoding
http://axis.apache.org/axis2/java/core/api/org/apache/axis2/databinding/types/URI.html
states
Parsing of a URI specification is done according to the URI syntax described in RFC 2396, and amended by RFC 2732.
Both RFC 2396 and RFC 2732 prescribes the following
Other characters are excluded because gateways and other transport
agents are known to sometimes modify such characters, or they are
used as delimiters.
unwise = "{" | "}" | "|" | "\" | "^" | "[" | "]" | "`"
Data corresponding to excluded characters must be escaped in order to
be properly represented within a URI.
When is a space in a URL encoded to +, and when is it encoded to %20?
From Wikipedia (emphasis and link added):
When data that has been entered into HTML forms is submitted, the form field names and values are encoded and sent to the server in an HTTP request message using method GET or POST, or, historically, via email. The encoding used by default is based on a very early version of the general URI percent-encoding rules, with a number of modifications such as newline normalization and replacing spaces with "+" instead of "%20". The MIME type of data encoded this way is application/x-www-form-urlencoded, and it is currently defined (still in a very outdated manner) in the HTML and XForms specifications.
So, the real percent encoding uses %20 while form data in URLs is in a modified form that uses +. So you're most likely to only see + in URLs in the query string after an ?.
This confusion is because URLs are still 'broken' to this day.
From a blog post:
Take "http://www.google.com" for instance. This is a URL. A URL is a Uniform Resource Locator and is really a pointer to a web page (in most cases). URLs actually have a very well-defined structure since the first specification in 1994.
We can extract detailed information about the "http://www.google.com" URL:
+---------------+-------------------+
| Part | Data |
+---------------+-------------------+
| Scheme | http |
| Host | www.google.com |
+---------------+-------------------+
If we look at a more complex URL such as:
"https://bob:bobby#www.lunatech.com:8080/file;p=1?q=2#third"
we can extract the following information:
+-------------------+---------------------+
| Part | Data |
+-------------------+---------------------+
| Scheme | https |
| User | bob |
| Password | bobby |
| Host | www.lunatech.com |
| Port | 8080 |
| Path | /file;p=1 |
| Path parameter | p=1 |
| Query | q=2 |
| Fragment | third |
+-------------------+---------------------+
https://bob:bobby#www.lunatech.com:8080/file;p=1?q=2#third
\___/ \_/ \___/ \______________/ \__/\_______/ \_/ \___/
| | | | | | \_/ | |
Scheme User Password Host Port Path | | Fragment
\_____________________________/ | Query
| Path parameter
Authority
The reserved characters are different for each part.
For HTTP URLs, a space in a path fragment part has to be encoded to "%20" (not, absolutely not "+"), while the "+" character in the path fragment part can be left unencoded.
Now in the query part, spaces may be encoded to either "+" (for backwards compatibility: do not try to search for it in the URI standard) or "%20" while the "+" character (as a result of this ambiguity) has to be escaped to "%2B".
This means that the "blue+light blue" string has to be encoded differently in the path and query parts:
"http://example.com/blue+light%20blue?blue%2Blight+blue".
From there you can deduce that encoding a fully constructed URL is impossible without a syntactical awareness of the URL structure.
This boils down to:
You should have %20 before the ? and + after.
Source
I would recommend %20.
Are you hard-coding them?
This is not very consistent across languages, though.
If I'm not mistaken, in PHP urlencode() treats spaces as + whereas Python's urlencode() treats them as %20.
EDIT:
It seems I'm mistaken. Python's urlencode() (at least in 2.7.2) uses quote_plus() instead of quote() and thus encodes spaces as "+".
It seems also that the W3C recommendation is the "+" as per here: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1
And in fact, you can follow this interesting debate on Python's own issue tracker about what to use to encode spaces: http://bugs.python.org/issue13866.
EDIT #2:
I understand that the most common way of encoding " " is as "+", but just a note, it may be just me, but I find this a bit confusing:
import urllib
print(urllib.urlencode({' ' : '+ '})
>>> '+=%2B+'
A space may only be encoded to "+" in the "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content-type key-value pairs query part of an URL. In my opinion, this is a may, not a must. In the rest of URLs, it is encoded as %20.
In my opinion, it's better to always encode spaces as %20, not as "+", even in the query part of an URL, because it is the HTML specification (RFC 1866) that specified that space characters should be encoded as "+" in "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content-type key-value pairs (see paragraph 8.2.1. subparagraph 1.)
This way of encoding form data is also given in later HTML specifications. For example, look for relevant paragraphs about application/x-www-form-urlencoded in HTML 4.01 Specification, and so on.
Here is a sample string in a URL where the HTML specification allows encoding spaces as pluses: "http://example.com/over/there?name=foo+bar". So, only after "?", spaces can be replaced by pluses. In other cases, spaces should be encoded to %20. But since it's hard to determine the context correctly, it's the best practice to never encode spaces as "+".
I would recommend to percent-encode all character except "unreserved" defined in RFC 3986, p.2.3
unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
The implementation depends on the programming language that you chose.
If your URL contains national characters, first encode them to UTF-8 and then percent-encode the result.
To summarize the (somewhat conflicting) answers here, I think it can be boiled down to:
| standard | + | %20 |
|---------------+-----+-----|
| URL | no | yes |
| query string | yes | yes |
| form params | yes | no |
| mailto query | no | yes |
So historically I think what happened is:
The RFC specified a pretty clear standard about the form of URLs and how they are encoded. In this context the query is just a "string", there is no specification how key/value pairs should be encoded
The HTTP guys put out a standard of how key/value pairs are to be encoded in form params, and borrowed from the URL encoding standard, except that spaces should be encoded as +.
The web guys said: cool we have a way to encode key/value pairs let's put that into the URL query string
Result: We end up with two different ways how to encode spaces in a URL depending on which part you're talking about. But it doesn't even violate the URL standard. From URL perspective the "query" is just a blackbox. If you want to use other encodings there besides percent encoding: knock yourself out.
But as the email example shows it can be problematic to borrow from the form-params implementation for an URL query string. So ultimately using %20 is safer but there might not be out of the box library support for it.
This question already has answers here:
URL encoding the space character: + or %20?
(5 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
In a URL, should I encode the spaces using %20 or +? For example, in the following example, which one is correct?
www.mydomain.com?type=xbox%20360
www.mydomain.com?type=xbox+360
Our company is leaning to the former, but using the Java method URLEncoder.encode(String, String) with "xbox 360" (and "UTF-8") returns the latter.
So, what's the difference?
Form data (for GET or POST) is usually encoded as application/x-www-form-urlencoded: this specifies + for spaces.
URLs are encoded as RFC 1738 which specifies %20.
In theory I think you should have %20 before the ? and + after:
example.com/foo%20bar?foo+bar
According to the W3C (and they are the official source on these things), a space character in the query string (and in the query string only) may be encoded as either "%20" or "+". From the section "Query strings" under "Recommendations":
Within the query string, the plus sign is reserved as shorthand notation for a space. Therefore, real plus signs must be encoded. This method was used to make query URIs easier to pass in systems which did not allow spaces.
According to section 3.4 of RFC2396 which is the official specification on URIs in general, the "query" component is URL-dependent:
3.4. Query Component
The query component is a string of information to be interpreted by
the resource.
query = *uric
Within a query component, the characters ";", "/", "?", ":", "#",
"&", "=", "+", ",", and "$" are reserved.
It is therefore a bug in the other software if it does not accept URLs with spaces in the query string encoded as "+" characters.
As for the third part of your question, one way (though slightly ugly) to fix the output from URLEncoder.encode() is to then call replaceAll("\\+","%20") on the return value.
This confusion is because URL is still 'broken' to this day
Take "http://www.google.com" for instance. This is a URL. A URL
is a Uniform Resource Locator and is really a pointer to a web page
(in most cases). URLs actually have a very well-defined structure
since the first specification in 1994.
We can extract detailed information about the "http://www.google.com"
URL:
+---------------+-------------------+
| Part | Data |
+---------------+-------------------+
| Scheme | http |
| Host address | www.google.com |
+---------------+-------------------+
If we look at a more
complex URL such as
"https://bob:bobby#www.lunatech.com:8080/file;p=1?q=2#third" we can
extract the following information:
+-------------------+---------------------+
| Part | Data |
+-------------------+---------------------+
| Scheme | https |
| User | bob |
| Password | bobby |
| Host address | www.lunatech.com |
| Port | 8080 |
| Path | /file |
| Path parameters | p=1 |
| Query parameters | q=2 |
| Fragment | third |
+-------------------+---------------------+
The reserved characters are different for each part
For HTTP URLs, a space in a path fragment part has to be encoded to
"%20" (not, absolutely not "+"), while the "+" character in the path
fragment part can be left unencoded.
Now in the query part, spaces may be encoded to either "+" (for
backwards compatibility: do not try to search for it in the URI
standard) or "%20" while the "+" character (as a result of this
ambiguity) has to be escaped to "%2B".
This means that the "blue+light blue" string has to be encoded
differently in the path and query parts:
"http://example.com/blue+light%20blue?blue%2Blight+blue". From there
you can deduce that encoding a fully constructed URL is impossible
without a syntactical awareness of the URL structure.
What this boils down to is
you should have %20 before the ? and + after
Source
It shouldn't matter, any more than if you encoded the letter A as %41.
However, if you're dealing with a system that doesn't recognize one form, it seems like you're just going to have to give it what it expects regardless of what the "spec" says.
You can use either - which means most people opt for "+" as it's more human readable.
When encoding query values, either form, plus or percent-20, is valid; however, since the bandwidth of the internet isn't infinite, you should use plus, since it's two fewer bytes.