Introduction
I have a CGPath I create from a SVG file using PocketSVG API. It all works fine.
The Problem
The problem is that the shape stretches for some reason, please take a look on this picture (the blue color is just to make is more visible to you, please ignore it, it should be ClearColor):
The Target
What do I want to achieve? I want to achieve a shape that goes all over the screen's width (I don't care about the height, it should modify itself according to the width), and sticks to the bottom of the screen, please take a look on this picture as well (please ignore the circular button):
The Code
The important part ;)
I have a subclass of UIView that draws this shape from the SVG file, it called CategoriesBarView. Then, on my MainViewController (a subclass of UIViewController) I'm creating an object of CategoriesBarView and setting it programmatically as a subview.
CategoriesBarView:
class CategoriesBarView: UIView {
override func layoutSubviews() {
let myPath = PocketSVG.pathFromSVGFileNamed("CategoriesBar").takeUnretainedValue()
var transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(self.frame.size.width / 750.0, self.frame.size.height / 1334.0)
let transformedPath = CGPathCreateCopyByTransformingPath(myPath, &transform)
let myShapeLayer = CAShapeLayer()
myShapeLayer.path = transformedPath
let blur = UIBlurEffect(style: .Light)
let effectView = UIVisualEffectView(effect: blur)
effectView.frame.size = self.frame.size
effectView.frame.origin = CGPointMake(0, 0)
effectView.layer.mask = myShapeLayer
self.addSubview(effectView)
}
}
MainViewController:
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let testHeight = UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.height / 6 // 1/6 of the screen’s height, that is the height in the target picture approximately, doesn’t it?
let categoriesBarView = CategoriesBarView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.height - testHeight , width: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.size.width, height: testHeight))
categoriesBarView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor() // AS I said, it should be ClearColor
self.view.addSubview(categoriesBarView)
}
Does anyone of you know what is the problem here and why the shape is stretching like that? I'll really appreciate if someone could help me here.
Thank you very much :)
Consider following code which draws a Square of 100x100 dimension. What i have done here is taken 100x100 as a base dimension(Because its easy to calculate respective ratio or scale dimension), as you can see i have defined scaleWidth and scaleHeight variable which represents your current scale for path. Scale is 1.0 at the moment which means it draws a square of 100x100, if you change it to 0.5 and 0.75 respectively it will draw a rectangle of 50X75 pixels. Refer Images which clearly depicts difference between scale width and height as 1.0 and 0.5 and 0.75 respectively.
CGFloat scaleWidth = 0.50f;
CGFloat scaleHeight = 0.75f;
//// Square Drawing
UIBezierPath* bezierSquarePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
// ***Starting point of path ***
[bezierSquarePath moveToPoint: CGPointMake(1, 1)];
// *** move to x and y position to draw lines, calculate respective x & y position using scaleWidth & scaleHeight ***
[bezierSquarePath addLineToPoint: CGPointMake(100*scaleWidth, 1)];
[bezierSquarePath addLineToPoint: CGPointMake(100*scaleWidth, 100*scaleHeight)];
[bezierSquarePath addLineToPoint: CGPointMake(1, 100*scaleHeight)];
// *** end your path ***
[bezierSquarePath closePath];
[UIColor.blackColor setStroke];
bezierSquarePath.lineWidth = 1;
[bezierSquarePath stroke];
Image 1 : Represents 100x100 square using scaleWidth = 1.0 and scaleHeight = 1.0
Image 2 : Represents 50x75 square using scaleWidth = 0.50 and scaleHeight = 0.75
Note: In given images all the drawing is done in UIView's - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect method as only UIView is capable to draw. I have placed a UIView which is highlighted with GrayColor in images.
I believe it gives you a perspective about scaling a path to solve your problem as you can not use the same code but you can generate one using it.
Helpful Tool : If you are not expert in Graphics coding you can recommend to use PaintCode software which generates Objective-C code with UI. Thought there might be other softwares you can opt for.
Happy coding :)
Related
I've encountered a problem with code I'd written to cut off the corners of a UILabel (or, indeed, any UIView-derived object to which you can add sublayers) -- I do have to thank Kurt Revis for his answer to Use a CALayer to add a diagonal banner/badge to the corner of a UITableViewCell that pointed me in this direction.
I don't have a problem if the corner overlays a solid color -- it's simple enough to make the cut-off corner match that color. But if the corner overlays an image, how would you let the image show through?
I've searched SO for anything similar to this problem, but most of those answers have to do with cells in tables and all I'm doing here is putting a label on a screen's view.
Here's the code I use:
-(void)returnChoppedCorners:(UIView *)viewObject
{
NSLog(#"Object Width = %f", viewObject.layer.frame.size.width);
NSLog(#"Object Height = %f", viewObject.layer.frame.size.height);
CALayer* bannerLeftTop = [CALayer layer];
bannerLeftTop.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
// or whatever color the background is
bannerLeftTop.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 25, 25);
bannerLeftTop.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 1.0);
bannerLeftTop.position = CGPointMake(10, 10);
bannerLeftTop.affineTransform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-45.0 / 180.0 * M_PI);
[viewObject.layer addSublayer:bannerLeftTop];
CALayer* bannerRightTop = [CALayer layer];
bannerRightTop.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
bannerRightTop.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 25, 25);
bannerRightTop.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 1.0);
bannerRightTop.position = CGPointMake(viewObject.layer.frame.size.width - 10.0, 10.0);
bannerRightTop.affineTransform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(45.0 / 180.0 * M_PI);
[viewObject.layer addSublayer:bannerRightTop];
}
I'll be adding similar code to do the BottomLeft and BottomRight corners, but, right now, those are corners that overlay an image. The bannerLeftTop and bannerRightTop are actually squares that are rotated over the corner against a black background. Making them clear only lets the underlying UILabel background color appear, not the image. Same for using the z property. Is masking the answer? Oo should I be working with the underlying image instead?
I'm also encountering a problem with the Height and Width being passed to this method -- they don't match the constrained Height and Width of the object. But we'll save that for another question.
What you need to do, instead of drawing an opaque corner triangle over the label, is mask the label so its corners aren't drawn onto the screen.
Since iOS 8.0, UIView has a maskView property, so we don't actually need to drop to the Core Animation level to do this. We can draw an image to use as a mask, with the appropriate corners clipped. Then we'll create an image view to hold the mask image, and set it as the maskView of the label (or whatever).
The only problem is that (in my testing) UIKit won't resize the mask view automatically, either with constraints or autoresizing. We have to update the mask view's frame “manually” if the masked view is resized.
I realize your question is tagged objective-c, but I developed my answer in a Swift playground for convenience. It shouldn't be hard to translate this to Objective-C. I didn't do anything particularly “Swifty”.
So... here's a function that takes an array of corners (specified as UIViewContentMode cases, because that enum includes cases for the corners), a view, and a “depth”, which is how many points each corner triangle should measure along its square sides:
func maskCorners(corners: [UIViewContentMode], ofView view: UIView, toDepth depth: CGFloat) {
In Objective-C, for the corners argument, you could use a bitmask (e.g. (1 << UIViewContentModeTopLeft) | (1 << UIViewContentModeBottomRight)), or you could use an NSArray of NSNumbers (e.g. #[ #(UIViewContentModeTopLeft), #(UIViewContentModeBottomRight) ]).
Anyway, I'm going to create a square, 9-slice resizable image. The image will need one point in the middle for stretching, and since each corner might need to be clipped, the corners need to be depth by depth points. Thus the image will have sides of length 1 + 2 * depth points:
let s = 1 + 2 * depth
Now I'm going to create a path that outlines the mask, with the corners clipped.
let path = UIBezierPath()
So, if the top left corner is clipped, I need the path to avoid the top left point of the square (which is at 0, 0). Otherwise, the path includes the top left point of the square.
if corners.contains(.TopLeft) {
path.moveToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0 + depth))
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0 + depth, y: 0))
} else {
path.moveToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0))
}
Do the same for each corner in turn, going around the square:
if corners.contains(.TopRight) {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s - depth, y: 0))
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s, y: 0 + depth))
} else {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s, y: 0))
}
if corners.contains(.BottomRight) {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s, y: s - depth))
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s - depth, y: s))
} else {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: s, y: s))
}
if corners.contains(.BottomLeft) {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0 + depth, y: s))
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0, y: s - depth))
} else {
path.addLineToPoint(CGPoint(x: 0, y: s))
}
Finally, close the path so I can fill it:
path.closePath()
Now I need to create the mask image. I'll do this using an alpha-only bitmap:
let colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceGray()
let scale = UIScreen.mainScreen().scale
let gc = CGBitmapContextCreate(nil, Int(s * scale), Int(s * scale), 8, 0, colorSpace, CGImageAlphaInfo.Only.rawValue)!
I need to adjust the coordinate system of the context to match UIKit:
CGContextScaleCTM(gc, scale, -scale)
CGContextTranslateCTM(gc, 0, -s)
Now I can fill the path in the context. The use of white here is arbitrary; any color with an alpha of 1.0 would work:
CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(gc, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor)
CGContextAddPath(gc, path.CGPath)
CGContextFillPath(gc)
Next I create a UIImage from the bitmap:
let image = UIImage(CGImage: CGBitmapContextCreateImage(gc)!, scale: scale, orientation: .Up)
If this were in Objective-C, you'd want to release the bitmap context at this point, with CGContextRelease(gc), but Swift takes care of it for me.
Anyway, I convert the non-resizable image to a 9-slice resizable image:
let maskImage = image.resizableImageWithCapInsets(UIEdgeInsets(top: depth, left: depth, bottom: depth, right: depth))
Finally, I set up the mask view. I might already have a mask view, because you might have clipped the view with different settings already, so I'll reuse an existing mask view if it is an image view:
let maskView = view.maskView as? UIImageView ?? UIImageView()
maskView.image = maskImage
Finally, if I had to create the mask view, I need to set it as view.maskView and set its frame:
if view.maskView != maskView {
view.maskView = maskView
maskView.frame = view.bounds
}
}
OK, how do I use this function? To demonstrate, I'll make a purple background view, and put an image on top of it:
let view = UIImageView(image: UIImage(named: "Kaz-256.jpg"))
view.autoresizingMask = [ .FlexibleWidth, .FlexibleHeight ]
let backgroundView = UIView(frame: view.frame)
backgroundView.backgroundColor = UIColor.purpleColor()
backgroundView.addSubview(view)
XCPlaygroundPage.currentPage.liveView = backgroundView
Then I'll mask some corners of the image view. Presumably you would do this in, say, viewDidLoad:
maskCorners([.TopLeft, .BottomRight], ofView: view, toDepth: 50)
Here's the result:
You can see the purple background showing through the clipped corners.
If I were to resize the view, I'd need to update the mask view's frame. For example, I might do this in my view controller:
override func viewDidLayoutSubviews() {
super.viewDidLayoutSubviews()
self.cornerClippedView.maskView?.frame = self.cornerClippedView.bounds
}
Here's a gist of all the code, so you can copy and paste it into a playground to try out. You'll have to supply your own adorable test image.
UPDATE
Here's code to create a label with a white background, and overlay it (inset by 20 points on each side) on the background image:
let backgroundView = UIImageView(image: UIImage(named: "Kaz-256.jpg"))
let label = UILabel(frame: backgroundView.bounds.insetBy(dx: 20, dy: 20))
label.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(50)
label.text = "This is the label"
label.lineBreakMode = .ByWordWrapping
label.numberOfLines = 0
label.textAlignment = .Center
label.autoresizingMask = [ .FlexibleWidth, .FlexibleHeight ]
backgroundView.addSubview(label)
XCPlaygroundPage.currentPage.liveView = backgroundView
maskCorners([.TopLeft, .BottomRight], ofView: label, toDepth: 50)
Result:
I've got the following screen design :
I want to render MKMapView in UIImage, than apply elipsis UIBezierPath and clip top part of UIImage. How can i achieve this? Thanks in advance.
Here is a simple implementation that you can follow to have the similar effect using CAShapeLayer.
Create sufficiently ellipse path to fit height of your image view, but width can be adjusted to control curve.
Create rectangular path to fit the size of the imageView, width and height should be match the size of imageView.
Transform the circle in such a way that rectangular path is exactly at the middle of the circle.
Now, if you look at the image above, the rectangle has the same size as your imageView. If you somehow manage to remove the portion of shapes which are not intersected, you will have your desired effect.
And this will be the portion of the image that you will be masking,
This can be achieved quite easily using CAShapeLayer.
Here is a simple implementation that you can use,
let image = UIImage(named: "image.jpg")
let imageSize = image!.size
let imageView = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(origin: CGPoint.zero, size: imageSize))
imageView.clipsToBounds = true
imageView.image = image
let curveRadius: CGFloat = imageSize.width * 0.005
let invertedRadius: CGFloat = 1.0 / curveRadius
// draw ellipse in rect with big width, but same height
let ellipticalPath = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: CGRectMake(0, 0, imageSize.width + 2 * invertedRadius * imageSize.width, imageSize.height))
// transform it to center of imageView
ellipticalPath.applyTransform(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-imageSize.width * invertedRadius, 0))
// create rectangle path exactly similar to imageView
let rectanglePath = UIBezierPath(rect: imageView.bounds)
// translate it by 0.5 ratio in order to create intersection between circle and rectangle
rectanglePath.applyTransform(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, -imageSize.height * CGFloat(0.5)))
// append rectangle to elliptical path
ellipticalPath.appendPath(rectanglePath)
// create mask
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.frame = imageView.bounds
maskLayer.path = ellipticalPath.CGPath
imageView.layer.mask = maskLayer
And here is how it looks,
You can adjust the value of curveRadius to suit your need.
Note: That the shape layer intersection is possible due to something called fillRule property on CAShapeLayer, which has a default value of kCAFillRuleNonZero. Read more about it here, https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Reference/CAShapeLayer_class/#//apple_ref/occ/instp/CAShapeLayer/fillRule
We have a CALayer which shows image with edit information. Such as rotate, scale and translate. I want to make a CGPath which exactly match the layer bounds. When the layer rotate, my path should also rotate and its four corners should match the CALayer's four corners. The CGPath is actually used as a gray mask to show the clipped area of the image.
I try following code, but it does not work.
f = self.imageLayer.frame;
t = self.imageLayer.affineTransform;
CGPathAddRect(path, &t, f);
The CALayer has its own CGAffineTransform. All edit information are applied via the CGAffineTransform.
Any hint will be appreciated, Thanks a lot.
If I got your question right you could be using UIBezierPath's usesEvenOddFillRule to cut around your image layer bounds dimming the rest of the visible screen. Basically you create a very large rectangular path (for some reasons CGRectInfinite doesn't work here) and cut out the area around your image layer. The trick is to use kCAFillRuleEvenOdd which flips what is considered inside and outside.
Something like should work:
let cutPath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: imageLayer.bounds, cornerRadius: 0)
let clipPath = UIBezierPath(rect: CGRectMake(-10e6, -10e6, 10e7, 10e7)) // CGRectInfinite isn't working here ?
clipPath.appendPath(cutPath)
clipPath.usesEvenOddFillRule = true
let shape = CAShapeLayer()
shape.contentsScale = UIScreen.mainScreen().scale
shape.lineWidth = 2
shape.fillColor = UIColor(red:0.1, green:0.1, blue:0.1, alpha:0.5).CGColor
shape.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
shape.strokeColor = UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor
shape.path = clipPath.CGPath
imageLayer.addSublayer(shape)
// do a transformations here
imageLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(10.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.8)
Which results
The simple UIView below draws a rounded rectangle. When I pass a corner radius of 65 or below it rounds correctly, but 66 and above and it generates a perfect circle! What is going on here? It should only show a circle when the corner radius is equal to 1/2 the frame width, but it seems that it is drawing a circle when the radius is about 1/3rd, no matter what the size of the view is. This behavior appears on iOS 7. On iOS 6 I get expected behavior.
#import "ViewController.h"
#interface MyView : UIView
#end
#implementation MyView
-(void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200) cornerRadius:65];
CGContextRef c = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextAddPath(c, path.CGPath);
[[UIColor redColor] set];
CGContextStrokePath(c);
}
#end
#interface ViewController ()
#end
#implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
MyView *v = [[MyView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200)];
[self.view addSubview:v];
}
#end
This will probably never be fixed. Here is why.
The math to calculate if you can make a squircle is: radius * magicMultiplier * 2. If the result is longer than the side, it can't make a squircle so it makes a circle.
The magicMultiplier is required because to make it look like a squircle, the bezier curve needs to start from a longer distance than the radius. The magic multiplier provides that extra distance.
From my research and playing around with the bezier function, I believe the magic multiplier might be something around 1.0 + 8.0 / 15.0 = 1.533.
So 66*(1+8/15)*2 is 202.4 which is longer than the shortest side (200), thus it makes it a circle.
However! 65*(1+8/15)*2 is 199.33 which is smaller than 200, so it squircles it correctly.
Possible solutions
Code your own bezier curve function (or get one online)
Use the view's layer.cornerRadius to achieve the same thing since Apple doesn't clamp the corner radius here.
layer.cornerCurve = .continuous
layer.cornerRadius = min(radius, min(bounds.width, bounds.height)/2.0)
// You might want to clamp it yourself
Bear in mind that draw(in ctx) doesn't work with layer.maskedCorners. So you can't use SnapshotTesting with those.
FYI, to->circle bug happens at approx. 65%:
- "INFO --- width/height (SQUARE): 12.121212121212121"
- "INFO --- halfSize == maxRadius: 6.0606060606060606"
- "INFO --- cornerRadius: 3.967272727272727"
- "INFO --- ratioBug: 0.6546"
extension CGRect
{
// For generic Rectangle
// 28112022 (bug happens at 65%) (cornerRadius / maxRadius)
// radiusFactor: [0, 1]
func getOptimalCornerRadius(radiusFactor: CGFloat) -> CGFloat
{
let minSize = self.sizeMin()
let maxRadius = minSize / 2
let cornerRadius = maxRadius * radiusFactor
return cornerRadius
}
}
I've been trying to figure out a way to draw segments as illustrated in the following image:
I'd like to:
draw the segment
include gradients
include shadows
animate the drawing from 0 to n angle
I've been attempting to do this with CGContextAddArc and similar calls but not getting very far.
Can anyone help ?
There are many parts to your question.
Getting the path
Creating the path for such a segment shouldn't be too hard. There are two arcs and two straight lines. I've previously explained how you can break down a path like that so I won't do it here. Instead I'm going to be fancy and create the path by stroking another path. You can of course read the breakdown and construct the path yourself. The arc I'm talking about stroking is the orange arc inside the gray dashed end-result.
To stroke the path we first need it. that is basically as simple as moving to the start point and drawing an arc around the center from the current angle to the angle you want the segment to cover.
CGMutablePathRef arc = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathMoveToPoint(arc, NULL,
startPoint.x, startPoint.y);
CGPathAddArc(arc, NULL,
centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y,
radius,
startAngle,
endAngle,
YES);
Then when you have that path (the single arc) you can create the new segment by stroking it with a certain width. The resulting path is going to have the two straight lines and the two arcs. The stroke happens from the center an equal distance inwards and outwards.
CGFloat lineWidth = 10.0;
CGPathRef strokedArc =
CGPathCreateCopyByStrokingPath(arc, NULL,
lineWidth,
kCGLineCapButt,
kCGLineJoinMiter, // the default
10); // 10 is default miter limit
Drawing
Next up is drawing and there are generally two main choices: Core Graphics in drawRect: or shape layers with Core Animation. Core Graphics is going to give you the more powerful drawing but Core Animation is going to give you the better animation performance. Since paths are involved pure Cora Animation won't work. You will end up with strange artifacts. We can however use a combination of layers and Core Graphics by drawing the the graphics context of the layer.
Filling and stroking the segment
We already have the basic shape but before we add gradients and shadows to it I will do a basic fill and stroke (you have a black stroke in your image).
CGContextRef c = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextAddPath(c, strokedArc);
CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(c, [UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor);
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(c, [UIColor blackColor].CGColor);
CGContextDrawPath(c, kCGPathFillStroke);
That will put something like this on screen
Adding shadows
I'm going to change the order and do the shadow before the gradient. To draw the shadow we need to configure a shadow for the context and draw fill the shape to draw it with the shadow. Then we need to restore the context (to before the shadow) and stroke the shape again.
CGColorRef shadowColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.0 alpha:0.75].CGColor;
CGContextSaveGState(c);
CGContextSetShadowWithColor(c,
CGSizeMake(0, 2), // Offset
3.0, // Radius
shadowColor);
CGContextFillPath(c);
CGContextRestoreGState(c);
// Note that filling the path "consumes it" so we add it again
CGContextAddPath(c, strokedArc);
CGContextStrokePath(c);
At this point the result is something like this
Drawing the gradient
For the gradient we need a gradient layer. I'm doing a very simple two color gradient here but you can customize it all you want. To create the gradient we need to get the colors and the suitable color space. Then we can draw the gradient on top of the fill (but before the stroke). We also need to mask the gradient to the same path as before. To do this we clip the path.
CGFloat colors [] = {
0.75, 1.0, // light gray (fully opaque)
0.90, 1.0 // lighter gray (fully opaque)
};
CGColorSpaceRef baseSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceGray(); // gray colors want gray color space
CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColorComponents(baseSpace, colors, NULL, 2);
CGColorSpaceRelease(baseSpace), baseSpace = NULL;
CGContextSaveGState(c);
CGContextAddPath(c, strokedArc);
CGContextClip(c);
CGRect boundingBox = CGPathGetBoundingBox(strokedArc);
CGPoint gradientStart = CGPointMake(0, CGRectGetMinY(boundingBox));
CGPoint gradientEnd = CGPointMake(0, CGRectGetMaxY(boundingBox));
CGContextDrawLinearGradient(c, gradient, gradientStart, gradientEnd, 0);
CGGradientRelease(gradient), gradient = NULL;
CGContextRestoreGState(c);
This finishes the drawing as we currently have this result
Animation
When it comes to the animation of the shape it has all been written before: Animating Pie Slices Using a Custom CALayer. If you try doing the drawing by simply animating the path property you are going to see some really funky warping of the path during the animation. The shadow and gradient has been left intact for illustrative purposes in the image below.
I suggest that you take the drawing code that I've posted in this answer and adopt it to the animation code from that article. Then you should end up with the what you are asking for.
For reference: the same drawing using Core Animation
Plain shape
CAShapeLayer *segment = [CAShapeLayer layer];
segment.fillColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor;
segment.strokeColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
segment.lineWidth = 1.0;
segment.path = strokedArc;
[self.view.layer addSublayer:segment];
Adding shadows
The layer has some shadow related properties that it's up to you to customize. Howerever you should set the shadowPath property for improved performance.
segment.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
segment.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0, 2);
segment.shadowOpacity = 0.75;
segment.shadowRadius = 3.0;
segment.shadowPath = segment.path; // Important for performance
Drawing the gradient
CAGradientLayer *gradient = [CAGradientLayer layer];
gradient.colors = #[(id)[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.75 alpha:1.0].CGColor, // light gray
(id)[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.90 alpha:1.0].CGColor]; // lighter gray
gradient.frame = CGPathGetBoundingBox(segment.path);
If we drew the gradient now it would be on top of the shape and not inside it. No, we can't have a gradient fill of the shape (I know you were thinking of it). We need to mask the gradient so that it go outside the segment. To do that we create another layer to be the mask of that segment. It has to be another layer, the documentation is clear that the behavior is "undefined" if the mask is part of the layer hierarchy. Since the mask's coordinate system is going to be the same as that of sublayers to the gradient we will have to translate the segment shape before setting it.
CAShapeLayer *mask = [CAShapeLayer layer];
CGAffineTransform translation = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-CGRectGetMinX(gradient.frame),
-CGRectGetMinY(gradient.frame));
mask.path = CGPathCreateCopyByTransformingPath(segment.path,
&translation);
gradient.mask = mask;
Everything you need is covered in the Quartz 2D Programming Guide. I suggest you look through it.
However, it can be difficult to put it all together, so I'll walk you through it. We'll write a function that takes a size and returns an image that looks roughly like one of your segments:
We start the function definition like this:
static UIImage *imageWithSize(CGSize size) {
We'll need a constant for the thickness of the segment:
static CGFloat const kThickness = 20;
and a constant for the width of the line outlining the segment:
static CGFloat const kLineWidth = 1;
and a constant for the size of the shadow:
static CGFloat const kShadowWidth = 8;
Next we need to create an image context in which to draw:
UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(size, NO, 0); {
I put a left brace on the end of that line because I like an extra level of indentation to remind me to call UIGraphicsEndImageContext later.
Since a lot of the functions we need to call are Core Graphics (aka Quartz 2D) functions, not UIKit functions, we need to get the CGContext:
CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
Now we're ready to really get started. First we add an arc to the path. The arc runs along the center of the segment we want to draw:
CGContextAddArc(gc, size.width / 2, size.height / 2,
(size.width - kThickness - kLineWidth) / 2,
-M_PI / 4, -3 * M_PI / 4, YES);
Now we'll ask Core Graphics to replace the path with a “stroked” version that outlines the path. We first set the thickness of the stroke to the thickness we want the segment to have:
CGContextSetLineWidth(gc, kThickness);
and we set the line cap style to “butt” so we'll have squared-off ends:
CGContextSetLineCap(gc, kCGLineCapButt);
Then we can ask Core Graphics to replace the path with a stroked version:
CGContextReplacePathWithStrokedPath(gc);
To fill this path with a linear gradient, we have to tell Core Graphics to clip all operations to the interior of the path. Doing so will make Core Graphics reset the path, but we'll need the path later to draw the black line around the edge. So we'll copy the path here:
CGPathRef path = CGContextCopyPath(gc);
Since we want the segment to cast a shadow, we'll set the shadow parameters before we do any drawing:
CGContextSetShadowWithColor(gc,
CGSizeMake(0, kShadowWidth / 2), kShadowWidth / 2,
[UIColor colorWithWhite:0 alpha:0.3].CGColor);
We're going to both fill the segment (with a gradient) and stroke it (to draw the black outline). We want a single shadow for both operations. We tell Core Graphics that by beginning a transparency layer:
CGContextBeginTransparencyLayer(gc, 0); {
I put a left brace on the end of that line because I like to have an extra level of indentation to remind me to call CGContextEndTransparencyLayer later.
Since we're going to change the context's clip region for filling, but we won't want to clip when we stroke the outline later, we need to save the graphics state:
CGContextSaveGState(gc); {
I put a left brace on the end of that line because I like to have an extra level of indentation to remind me to call CGContextRestoreGState later.
To fill the path with a gradient, we need to create a gradient object:
CGColorSpaceRef rgb = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(rgb, (__bridge CFArrayRef)#[
(__bridge id)[UIColor grayColor].CGColor,
(__bridge id)[UIColor whiteColor].CGColor
], (CGFloat[]){ 0.0f, 1.0f });
CGColorSpaceRelease(rgb);
We also need to figure out a start point and an end point for the gradient. We'll use the path bounding box:
CGRect bbox = CGContextGetPathBoundingBox(gc);
CGPoint start = bbox.origin;
CGPoint end = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMaxX(bbox), CGRectGetMaxY(bbox));
and we'll force the gradient to be drawn either horizontally or vertically, whichever is longer:
if (bbox.size.width > bbox.size.height) {
end.y = start.y;
} else {
end.x = start.x;
}
Now we finally have everything we need to draw the gradient. First we clip to the path:
CGContextClip(gc);
Then we draw the gradient:
CGContextDrawLinearGradient(gc, gradient, start, end, 0);
Then we can release the gradient and restore the saved graphics state:
CGGradientRelease(gradient);
} CGContextRestoreGState(gc);
When we called CGContextClip, Core Graphics reset the context's path. The path isn't part of the saved graphics state; that's why we made a copy earlier. Now it's time to use that copy to set the path in the context again:
CGContextAddPath(gc, path);
CGPathRelease(path);
Now we can stroke the path, to draw the black outline of the segment:
CGContextSetLineWidth(gc, kLineWidth);
CGContextSetLineJoin(gc, kCGLineJoinMiter);
[[UIColor blackColor] setStroke];
CGContextStrokePath(gc);
Next we tell Core Graphics to end the transparency layer. This will make it look at what we've drawn and add the shadow underneath:
} CGContextEndTransparencyLayer(gc);
Now we're all done drawing. We ask UIKit to create a UIImage from the image context, then destroy the context and return the image:
UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
return image;
}
You can find the code all together in this gist.
This is a Swift 3 version of Rob Mayoff's answer. Just see how much more efficient this language is! This could be the contents of a MView.swift file:
import UIKit
class MView: UIView {
var size = CGSize.zero
override init(frame: CGRect) {
super.init(frame: frame)
size = frame.size
}
required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
}
var niceImage: UIImage {
let kThickness = CGFloat(20)
let kLineWidth = CGFloat(1)
let kShadowWidth = CGFloat(8)
UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(size, false, 0)
let gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()!
gc.addArc(center: CGPoint(x: size.width/2, y: size.height/2),
radius: (size.width - kThickness - kLineWidth)/2,
startAngle: -45°,
endAngle: -135°,
clockwise: true)
gc.setLineWidth(kThickness)
gc.setLineCap(.butt)
gc.replacePathWithStrokedPath()
let path = gc.path!
gc.setShadow(
offset: CGSize(width: 0, height: kShadowWidth/2),
blur: kShadowWidth/2,
color: UIColor.gray.cgColor
)
gc.beginTransparencyLayer(auxiliaryInfo: nil)
gc.saveGState()
let rgb = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB()
let gradient = CGGradient(
colorsSpace: rgb,
colors: [UIColor.gray.cgColor, UIColor.white.cgColor] as CFArray,
locations: [CGFloat(0), CGFloat(1)])!
let bbox = path.boundingBox
let startP = bbox.origin
var endP = CGPoint(x: bbox.maxX, y: bbox.maxY);
if (bbox.size.width > bbox.size.height) {
endP.y = startP.y
} else {
endP.x = startP.x
}
gc.clip()
gc.drawLinearGradient(gradient, start: startP, end: endP,
options: CGGradientDrawingOptions(rawValue: 0))
gc.restoreGState()
gc.addPath(path)
gc.setLineWidth(kLineWidth)
gc.setLineJoin(.miter)
UIColor.black.setStroke()
gc.strokePath()
gc.endTransparencyLayer()
let image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
return image
}
override func draw(_ rect: CGRect) {
niceImage.draw(at:.zero)
}
}
Call it from a viewController like this:
let vi = MView(frame: self.view.bounds)
self.view.addSubview(vi)
To do the degrees to radians conversions I have created the ° postfix operator. So you can now use e.g. 45° and this does the conversion from 45 degrees to radians.
This example is for Ints, extend these also for the Float types if you have the need:
postfix operator °
protocol IntegerInitializable: ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral {
init (_: Int)
}
extension Int: IntegerInitializable {
postfix public static func °(lhs: Int) -> CGFloat {
return CGFloat(lhs) * .pi / 180
}
}
Put this code into a utilities swift file.