Centre Align CAShape layer in a UIView - ios

The following is a image for which the the code does not align the centre of the UIView , white color.
CAShapeLayer *layer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
layer.anchorPoint=CGPointMake(0.5, 0.5);
layer.path=[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 75.0, 75.0)].CGPath;
layer.fillColor =[UIColor redColor].CGColor;
[self.shapeView.layer addSublayer:layer];

anchorPoint is not for setting the position of CAShapeLayer, use position instead.
let layer = CAShapeLayer()
layer.borderColor = UIColor.blackColor().CGColor
layer.borderWidth = 100
layer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50)
layer.position = myView.center
layer.fillColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor
view.layer.addSublayer(layer)
Edit
Sorry for such a rough answer before, the code above may not work as you want, here is the correct answer I just come out. A important thing to note is: How you draw the oval path did effect the position of your CAShapeLayer
let layer = CAShapeLayer()
myView.layer.addSublayer(layer)
layer.fillColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor
layer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.5)
layer.position = CGPointMake(myView.layer.bounds.midX, myView.layer.bounds.midY)
layer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: CGRectMake(-75.0 / 2, -75.0 / 2, 75.0, 75.0)).CGPath
From Apple Document,
The oval path is created in a clockwise direction (relative to the default
coordinate system)
In other word, the oval path is drawn from the edge instead of the center, so you must take into accound the radius of the oval you are drawing. In your case, you need to do this:
layer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: CGRectMake(-75.0 / 2, -75.0 / 2, 75.0, 75.0)).CGPath
Now we ensure that the center of drawn path is equal to the center of CAShapeLayer. Then we can use position property to move the CAShapeLayer as we want. The image below could help you understand.

CAShapeLayer *layer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
layer.anchorPoint=CGPointMake(0.5, 0.5);
layer.path=[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake((self.shapeView.frame.size.width/2)-37.5, (self.shapeView.frame.size.height/2)-37.5, 75.0, 75.0)].CGPath;
//37.5 means width & height divided by 2
layer.fillColor =[UIColor redColor].CGColor;
[self.shapeView.layer addSublayer:layer];

For those still have issue with centering this approach worked for me:
1- Set the shape layer frame equal to parent view frame.
shapeLayer.frame = view.frame
2- remove the shape layer position property.
// shapeLayer.position = CGPoint(x: ,y: )
3- set x and y value of your bezier path equal to zero.
UIBezierPath(ovalIn: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: self.width, height:
self.height))
Only these should be enough, get rid of the rest.
======
If that didn't work, then try this one:
#IBDesignable class YourView: UIView {
private var shapeLayer: CAShapeLayer!
override func draw(_ rect: CGRect) {
self.shapeLayer = CAShapeLayer()
self.shapeLayer.path = bezierPath.cgPath
self.shapeLayer.fillColor = UIColor.blue.cgColor
let bezierPathHeight = self.bezierPath.cgPath.boundingBox.height
let bezierPathWidth = self.bezierPath.cgPath.boundingBox.width
self.shapeLayer.setAffineTransform(CGAffineTransform.init(translationX: self.bounds.width / bezierPathWidth, y: self.bounds.height / bezierPathHeight))
self.shapeLayer.setAffineTransform(CGAffineTransform.init(scaleX: self.bounds.width / bezierPathHeight, y: self.bounds.height / bezierPathHeight))
self.layer.addSublayer(self.shapeLayer)
}

I've encounter same case like this. The final resolution is shapeLayer.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = true and update CAShapeLayer frame in layoutSubviews, CenteredAlignShapeView can adjust when using Auto Layout.
class CenteredAlignShapeView: UIView {
public let dot = CAShapeLayer()
init() {
super.init(frame: .zero)
dot.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = true
layer.insertSublayer(dot, at: 0)
dot.fillColor = UIColor.red.cgColor
}
override func layoutSubviews() {
super.layoutSubviews()
dot.frame = bounds
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(arcCenter: CGPoint(x: bounds.width/2, y: bounds.height/2), radius: 4, startAngle: 0, endAngle: CGFloat.pi*2, clockwise: true)
dot.path = circlePath.cgPath
}
required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
}
}

Related

how to set boarder for only top, left and right with corner radius with top-left and top-right in UIView?

I am using below methods to add boarder to left , right and top of the view after that I am set the corner radius to view and I won't give appropriate result.
-(void)addLeftBorder:(UIView *)viewName
{
CALayer *leftBorder = [CALayer layer];
leftBorder.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
leftBorder.frame = CGRectMake(0,0,1.0,viewName.frame.size.height);
viewName.clipsToBounds = true;
leftBorder.cornerRadius = 25.0;
[viewName.layer addSublayer:leftBorder];
}
-(void)addRightBorder:(UIView *)viewName
{
CALayer *rightBorder = [CALayer layer];
rightBorder.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
rightBorder.frame = CGRectMake(viewName.frame.size.width - 1.0,0,1.0,viewName.frame.size.height);
viewName.clipsToBounds = true;
rightBorder.cornerRadius = 25.0;
[viewName.layer addSublayer:rightBorder];
}
-(void)addtopBorder:(UIView *)viewName
{
CALayer *topBorder = [CALayer layer];
topBorder.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
topBorder.frame = CGRectMake(0,0,viewName.frame.size.width,1.0);
viewName.clipsToBounds = true;
topBorder.cornerRadius = 25.0;
[viewName.layer addSublayer:topBorder];
}
Here we are setting corner radius to view.
-(void)setupUI{
[self addLeftBorder:self.replyContainerView];
[self addRightBorder:self.replyContainerView];
[self addtopBorder:self.replyContainerView];
self.replyContainerView.layer.cornerRadius = self.comment.bounds.size.height/2;
self.replyContainerView.clipsToBounds = true;
self.replyContainerView.layer.maskedCorners = kCALayerMaxXMinYCorner | kCALayerMinXMinYCorner;
}
For reference purpose , I attached screen shot for above issue.
Help in swift also appreciated.
Here is a demo in swift iOS Playground of possible approach
import UIKit
import PlaygroundSupport
class MyViewController : UIViewController {
override func loadView() {
let view = UIView()
view.backgroundColor = .yellow
// example view to have top-side rounded borders
let label = UILabel()
label.frame = CGRect(x: 100, y: 200, width: 200, height: 200)
label.textColor = .black
label.backgroundColor = .white
// radius constant
let radius: CGFloat = 25
// initial part of path to have rounded top cornders
let path = UIBezierPath()
path.move(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: radius * 2)) // << border height just for demo
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: radius))
path.addArc(withCenter: CGPoint(x: radius, y: radius), radius: radius, startAngle: -.pi, endAngle: -.pi/2, clockwise: true)
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: label.bounds.maxX - radius, y: 0))
path.addArc(withCenter: CGPoint(x: label.bounds.maxX - radius, y: radius), radius: radius, startAngle: -.pi/2.0, endAngle: 0, clockwise: true)
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: label.bounds.maxX, y: radius * 2)) // << border height just for demo
// shape layer to drop rounded corners
var shape = CAShapeLayer()
shape.path = path.cgPath
shape.strokeColor = UIColor.red.cgColor
shape.lineWidth = 2.0
shape.fillColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
label.layer.addSublayer(shape)
// ... extending path to complete view bounds to mask
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: label.bounds.maxX, y: label.bounds.maxY))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: label.bounds.maxY))
path.close()
// ... shape to mask target view
shape = CAShapeLayer()
shape.path = path.cgPath
shape.fillColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
label.layer.mask = shape
view.addSubview(label)
self.view = view
}
}
// Present the view controller in the Live View window
PlaygroundPage.current.liveView = MyViewController()
I don't think this is possible in the Storyboard. However you can extend UIView to automatically draw the top-left and top-right border and border-colors on init. Then assign it in your storyboard.
#IBDesignable class BottomSheetView: UIView {
override func layoutSubviews() {
super.layoutSubviews()
drawBorder()
}
override func prepareForInterfaceBuilder() {
super.prepareForInterfaceBuilder()
drawBorder()
}
private func drawBorder() {
let path = UIBezierPath(
roundedRect: bounds,
byRoundingCorners: [.topRight, .topLeft],
cornerRadii: CGSize(width: 16, height: 16))
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.path = path.cgPath
layer.mask = maskLayer
}
}
For drawing borders on one-side, you can have a look here. You can choose which sides, which section of the side and size of the border.
let topBorder: CALayer = CALayer()
topBorder.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: myView.frame.size.width, height: 1)
topBorder.backgroundColor = UIColor.purple.cgColor
myView.layer.addSublayer(topBorder)

How to set UITextField border with gradient from left to right with rounded corners using Swift 4

I am trying to implement a UITextField activity with rounded gradient border from left to right like below sample: -
Requirement:
Here I have 2 text fields. On load view controller 'Email' will be active with the gradient border. When user resigns 'Email' field then the border will change to white color and again if user click in 'Email' text field then the border will change to the gradient.
I tried below code but not working properly: -
class CustomTextField: UITextField {
var gradient:CAGradientLayer! = nil
func canBecomeFirstResponder() -> Bool {
return true
}
override func becomeFirstResponder() -> Bool {
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: self.bounds, byRoundingCorners: [.topLeft, .bottomLeft, .topRight, .bottomRight], cornerRadii: CGSize(width: frame.size.height / 2, height: frame.size.height / 2))
gradient = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.frame = CGRect(origin: CGPoint.zero, size: frame.size)
gradient.colors = [UIColor.green.cgColor, UIColor.red.cgColor]
let shape = CAShapeLayer()
shape.lineWidth = 10
shape.path = path.cgPath
shape.strokeColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
shape.fillColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
gradient.mask = shape
layer.addSublayer(gradient)
super.becomeFirstResponder()
return true
}
override func resignFirstResponder() -> Bool {
gradient.colors = [UIColor.white.cgColor]
super.resignFirstResponder()
return true
}
}
class ViewController: UIViewController, UITextFieldDelegate {
#IBOutlet weak var txtEmail: CustomTextField!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
func textFieldShouldReturn(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
txtEmail.resignFirstResponder()
return true
}
}
There is three problem which I am not able to resolve: -
1- I have set lineWidth 10 but its showing width 10 at corners and at horizontal/vertical only 5.
2- I want to show the gradient from left to right not top to bottom.
3- When I resign, it is not setting white border
Please help, thanks in advance.
The line is stroked centrally to the path, so 10 pixel width means 5 pixels either side. Your shape is being clipped at the sides, so you need to inset the path.
Problem 1
let lineWidth: CGFloat = 10
let rect = bounds.inset.bounds.insetBy(dx: lineWidth / 2, dy: lineWidth / 2)
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: rect, cornerRadius: frame.size.height / 2)
shape.lineWidth = lineWidth
Alternatively, if you want the line to be stroked centrally on the path, you'll need to set your CustomTextField's clipsToBounds = false
Problem 2
To change the angle of the gradient, use the startPoint and endPoint
gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0.5)
gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1, y: 0.5)
Problem 3
Possibly try
gradient.colors = [UIColor.white.cgColor, UIColor.white.cgColor]
First select "NO Border in XCode's element inspector"
then use below code
let lineWidth: CGFloat = 1
let rect = myTextField.bounds.insetBy(dx: lineWidth / 2, dy: lineWidth / 2)
let path = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: rect, cornerRadius: myTextField.frame.size.height / 2)
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.frame = CGRect(origin: CGPoint.zero, size: myTextField.frame.size)
gradient.colors = [UIColor.green.cgColor, UIColor.red.cgColor, UIColor.green.cgColor]
gradient.startPoint = CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0.5)
gradient.endPoint = CGPoint(x: 1, y: 0.5)
let shape = CAShapeLayer()
shape.lineWidth = lineWidth
shape.path = path.cgPath
shape.strokeColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
shape.fillColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
gradient.mask = shape
myTextField.layer.addSublayer(gradient)
P.S. This answer is fully inspired by #Ashley's answer.

CAShapeLayer with gradient

I have a problem with adding gradient to CAShapeLayer. I've created circle layer and I want to add a gradient to it. So, I created a CAGradientLayer and set it frames to layer bounds and mask to layer and it doesn't appear. What can I do?
private func setupCircle() -> CAShapeLayer {
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(arcCenter: CGPoint(x: progressView.frame.size.width / 2.0, y: progressView.frame.size.height / 2.0), radius: (progressView.frame.size.width - 10)/2, startAngle: 0.0, endAngle: CGFloat(M_PI * 2.0), clockwise: true)
let circleLayer = CAShapeLayer()
circleLayer.path = circlePath.CGPath
circleLayer.fillColor = nil
circleLayer.strokeColor = UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor
circleLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor
circleLayer.lineWidth = configurator.lineWidth
circleLayer.strokeEnd = 1.0
return circleLayer
}
private func setupGradient() -> CAGradientLayer {
let gradient = CAGradientLayer()
gradient.colors = [UIColor.clearColor().CGColor, UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor, UIColor.greenColor().CGColor]
gradient.locations = [0.0, 0.25, 1.0]
gradient.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0)
gradient.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1)
return gradient
}
let circle = setupCircle()
let gradient = setupGradient()
gradient.frame = circle.bounds
gradient.mask = circle
progressView.layer.addSublayer(circle)
progressView.layer.insertSublayer(gradient, atIndex: 0)
EDIT:
I've changed setupCircle method to:
private func setupCircle() -> CAShapeLayer {
let circleLayer = CAShapeLayer()
circleLayer.frame = progressView.bounds.insetBy(dx: 5, dy: 5)
circleLayer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: CGRectMake(progressView.center.x, progressView.center.y, progressView.bounds.size.width, progressView.bounds.size.height)).CGPath
circleLayer.fillColor = nil
circleLayer.strokeColor = UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor
circleLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor
circleLayer.lineWidth = configurator.lineWidth
circleLayer.strokeEnd = 1.0
return circleLayer
}
And here the effect, did I do it properly?:
EDIT 2:
I've changed circleLayer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: CGRectMake(progressView.center.x, progressView.center.y, progressView.bounds.size.width, progressView.bounds.size.height)).CGPath to circleLayer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalInRect: circleLayer.bounds).CGPath and it's better but still not what I want:
It's ok that you create layers and add them to layer hierarchy in viewDidLoad, but you shouldn't do any frame logic there since layout is not updated at that moment.
Try to move all the code which is doing any frame calculations to viewDidLayoutSubviews.
This should also be done every time layout is updated, so move it from setupCircle to viewDidLayoutSubviews:
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(...)
circleLayer.path = circlePath.cgPath
Edit:
Also I can't see where do you set circleLayer's frame? It's not enough to set it's path. If you have CGRect.zero rect for a mask, it will completely hide it's parent layer.
I would recommend to replace this:
let circlePath = UIBezierPath(arcCenter: CGPoint(x: progressView.frame.size.width / 2.0, y: progressView.frame.size.height / 2.0), radius: (progressView.frame.size.width - 10)/2, startAngle: 0.0, endAngle: CGFloat(M_PI * 2.0), clockwise: true)
with this:
circleLayer.bounds = progressView.frame.insetBy(dx: 5, dy: 5)
circleLayer.path = UIBezierPath(ovalIn: circleLayer.bounds).cgPath
This way you'll have both frame and path set. Also be careful about coordinate system. I'm not sure about where is progressView in your view hierarchy, perhaps you'll need it's bounds instead.
Edit 2:
Also you should delete a few lines of code there.
This makes your circle layer completely opaque, it makes the shape itself unvisible.
circleLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor
You shouldn't add circle as a sublayer since you're going to use it as a mask:
progressView.layer.addSublayer(circle)

How do I create a UIView with a transparent circle inside (in swift)?

I want to create a view that looks like this:
I figure what I need is a uiview with some sort of mask, I can make a mask in the shape of a circle using a UIBezierpath, however I cannot invert this makes so that it masks everything but the circle. I need this to be a mask of a view and not a fill layer because the view that I intend to mask has a UIBlurEffect on it. The end goal is to animate this UIView overtop of my existing views to provide instruction.
Please note that I am using swift. Is there away to do this? If so, how?
Updated again for Swift 4 & removed a few items to make the code tighter.
Please note that maskLayer.fillRule is set differently between Swift 4 and Swift 4.2.
func createOverlay(frame: CGRect,
xOffset: CGFloat,
yOffset: CGFloat,
radius: CGFloat) -> UIView {
// Step 1
let overlayView = UIView(frame: frame)
overlayView.backgroundColor = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.6)
// Step 2
let path = CGMutablePath()
path.addArc(center: CGPoint(x: xOffset, y: yOffset),
radius: radius,
startAngle: 0.0,
endAngle: 2.0 * .pi,
clockwise: false)
path.addRect(CGRect(origin: .zero, size: overlayView.frame.size))
// Step 3
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
maskLayer.path = path
// For Swift 4.0
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
// For Swift 4.2
maskLayer.fillRule = .evenOdd
// Step 4
overlayView.layer.mask = maskLayer
overlayView.clipsToBounds = true
return overlayView
}
A rough breakdown on what is happening:
Create a view sized to the specified frame, with a black background set to 60% opacity
Create the path for drawing the circle using the provided starting point and radius
Create the mask for the area to remove
Apply the mask & clip to bounds
The following code snippet will call this and place a circle in the middle of the screen with radius of 50:
let overlay = createOverlay(frame: view.frame,
xOffset: view.frame.midX,
yOffset: view.frame.midY,
radius: 50.0)
view.addSubview(overlay)
Which looks like this:
You can use this function to create what you need.
func createOverlay(frame : CGRect)
{
let overlayView = UIView(frame: frame)
overlayView.alpha = 0.6
overlayView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor()
self.view.addSubview(overlayView)
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
// Create a path with the rectangle in it.
var path = CGPathCreateMutable()
let radius : CGFloat = 50.0
let xOffset : CGFloat = 10
let yOffset : CGFloat = 10
CGPathAddArc(path, nil, overlayView.frame.width - radius/2 - xOffset, yOffset, radius, 0.0, 2 * 3.14, false)
CGPathAddRect(path, nil, CGRectMake(0, 0, overlayView.frame.width, overlayView.frame.height))
maskLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor().CGColor
maskLayer.path = path;
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
// Release the path since it's not covered by ARC.
overlayView.layer.mask = maskLayer
overlayView.clipsToBounds = true
}
Adjust the radius and xOffset and yOffset to change the radius and position of the circle.
For Swift 3, here is rakeshbs' answer formatted so it returns the UIView needed:
func createOverlay(frame : CGRect, xOffset: CGFloat, yOffset: CGFloat, radius: CGFloat) -> UIView
{
let overlayView = UIView(frame: frame)
overlayView.alpha = 0.6
overlayView.backgroundColor = UIColor.black
// Create a path with the rectangle in it.
let path = CGMutablePath()
path.addArc(center: CGPoint(x: xOffset, y: yOffset), radius: radius, startAngle: 0.0, endAngle: 2 * 3.14, clockwise: false)
path.addRect(CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: overlayView.frame.width, height: overlayView.frame.height))
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
maskLayer.path = path;
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
// Release the path since it's not covered by ARC.
overlayView.layer.mask = maskLayer
overlayView.clipsToBounds = true
return overlayView
}
The above solution works great.
Say if you are looking for mask with rectangle area here is the snippet below
let fWidth = self.frame.size.width
let fHeight = self.frame.size.height
let squareWidth = fWidth/2
let topLeft = CGPoint(x: fWidth/2-squareWidth/2, y: fHeight/2-squareWidth/2)
let topRight = CGPoint(x: fWidth/2+squareWidth/2, y: fHeight/2-squareWidth/2)
let bottomLeft = CGPoint(x: fWidth/2-squareWidth/2, y: fHeight/2+squareWidth/2)
let bottomRight = CGPoint(x: fWidth/2+squareWidth/2, y: fHeight/2+squareWidth/2)
let cornerWidth = squareWidth/4
// Step 2
let path = CGMutablePath()
path.addRoundedRect(in: CGRect(x: topLeft.x, y: topLeft.y,
width: topRight.x - topLeft.x, height: bottomLeft.y - topLeft.y),
cornerWidth: 20, cornerHeight: 20)
path.addRect(CGRect(origin: .zero, size: self.frame.size))
// Step 3
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
maskLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
maskLayer.path = path
// For Swift 4.0
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
// For Swift 4.2
//maskLayer.fillRule = .evenOdd
// Step 4
self.layer.mask = maskLayer
self.clipsToBounds = true
rectangle mask looks like this

iOS invert mask in drawRect

With the code below, I am successfully masking part of my drawing, but it's the inverse of what I want masked. This masks the inner portion of the drawing, where I would like to mask the outer portion. Is there a simple way to invert this mask?
myPath below is a UIBezierPath.
CAShapeLayer *maskLayer = [[CAShapeLayer alloc] init];
CGMutablePathRef maskPath = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddPath(maskPath, nil, myPath.CGPath);
[maskLayer setPath:maskPath];
CGPathRelease(maskPath);
self.layer.mask = maskLayer;
With even odd filling on the shape layer (maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd;) you can add a big rectangle that covers the entire frame and then add the shape you are masking out. This will in effect invert the mask.
CAShapeLayer *maskLayer = [[CAShapeLayer alloc] init];
CGMutablePathRef maskPath = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathAddRect(maskPath, NULL, someBigRectangle); // this line is new
CGPathAddPath(maskPath, nil, myPath.CGPath);
[maskLayer setPath:maskPath];
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd; // this line is new
CGPathRelease(maskPath);
self.layer.mask = maskLayer;
For Swift 3.0
func mask(viewToMask: UIView, maskRect: CGRect, invert: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGMutablePath()
if (invert) {
path.addRect(viewToMask.bounds)
}
path.addRect(maskRect)
maskLayer.path = path
if (invert) {
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
}
// Set the mask of the view.
viewToMask.layer.mask = maskLayer;
}
Based on the accepted answer, here's another mashup in Swift. I've made it into a function and made the invert optional
class func mask(viewToMask: UIView, maskRect: CGRect, invert: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGPathCreateMutable()
if (invert) {
CGPathAddRect(path, nil, viewToMask.bounds)
}
CGPathAddRect(path, nil, maskRect)
maskLayer.path = path
if (invert) {
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd
}
// Set the mask of the view.
viewToMask.layer.mask = maskLayer;
}
Here's my Swift 4.2 solution that allows a corner radius
extension UIView {
func mask(withRect maskRect: CGRect, cornerRadius: CGFloat, inverse: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGMutablePath()
if (inverse) {
path.addPath(UIBezierPath(roundedRect: self.bounds, cornerRadius: cornerRadius).cgPath)
}
path.addPath(UIBezierPath(roundedRect: maskRect, cornerRadius: cornerRadius).cgPath)
maskLayer.path = path
if (inverse) {
maskLayer.fillRule = CAShapeLayerFillRule.evenOdd
}
self.layer.mask = maskLayer;
}
}
Swift 5
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let red = UIView(frame: view.bounds)
view.addSubview(red)
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.cyan
red.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
red.mask(CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 50, height: 50), invert: true)
}
}
extension UIView{
func mask(_ rect: CGRect, invert: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGMutablePath()
if (invert) {
path.addRect(bounds)
}
path.addRect(rect)
maskLayer.path = path
if (invert) {
maskLayer.fillRule = CAShapeLayerFillRule.evenOdd
}
// Set the mask of the view.
layer.mask = maskLayer
}
}
Thanks #arvidurs
For Swift 4.2
func mask(viewToMask: UIView, maskRect: CGRect, invert: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGMutablePath()
if (invert) {
path.addRect(viewToMask.bounds)
}
path.addRect(maskRect)
maskLayer.path = path
if (invert) {
maskLayer.fillRule = .evenOdd
}
// Set the mask of the view.
viewToMask.layer.mask = maskLayer;
}
In order to invert mask you can to something like this
Here I have mask of crossed rectancles like
let crossPath = UIBezierPath(rect: cutout.insetBy(dx: 30, dy: -5))
crossPath.append(UIBezierPath(rect: cutout.insetBy(dx: -5, dy: 30)))
let crossMask = CAShapeLayer()
crossMask.path = crossPath.cgPath
crossMask.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
crossMask.fillRule = .evenOdd
And here I add 3rd rectancle around my crossed rectancles
so using .evenOdd it takes area that is equal to (New Rectancle - Old Crossed Rectangle) so in other words outside area of crossed rectancles
let crossPath = UIBezierPath(rect: cutout.insetBy(dx: -5, dy: -5) )
crossPath.append(UIBezierPath(rect: cutout.insetBy(dx: 30, dy: -5)))
crossPath.append(UIBezierPath(rect: cutout.insetBy(dx: -5, dy: 30)))
let crossMask = CAShapeLayer()
crossMask.path = crossPath.cgPath
crossMask.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor
crossMask.fillRule = .evenOdd
There are many great answers, all of them using even-odd rule for resolving interior and exterior surfaces. Here is Swift 5 approach with non-zero rule:
extension UIView {
func mask(_ rect: CGRect, cornerRadius: CGFloat, invert: Bool = false) {
let maskLayer = CAShapeLayer()
let path = CGMutablePath()
if (invert) {
path.move(to: .zero)
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: bounds.height))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: bounds.width, y: bounds.height))
path.addLine(to: CGPoint(x: bounds.width, y: 0))
path.addLine(to: .zero)
}
path.addPath(UIBezierPath(roundedRect: rect, cornerRadius: cornerRadius).cgPath)
maskLayer.path = path
layer.mask = maskLayer
}
}
For masking operation it is pretty straight forward. We draw rect and use it as masking path.
For inverted masking we use bounds of the view that is going to be masked. Then we draw it counter clockwise. After that we add UIBezierPath rect, which is by default drawn clockwise. That way any point p inside the rect will have one clockwise intersection and one counter clockwise intersection, leading to total winding number of zero, making that point an exterior point.
For 2023. All answers currently here seem wrong as they don't adjust the mask when the layout changes (or - just one example - when the view is animating in size or shape).
It's very simple ..
1. have a layer (perhaps just a square of color, an image, whatever)
lazy var examp: CALayer = {
let l = CALayer()
l.background = UIColor.blue.cgColor
l.mask = shapeAsMask
layer.addSublayer(l)
return l
}()
Note that examp has its mask set already.
2. Whenever you want to mask, you of course need a masking layer on hand
lazy var shapeAsMask: CAShapeLayer = {
let s = CAShapeLayer()
s.fillRule = .evenOdd
layer.addSublayer(s)
layer.mask = s
return s
}()
Note that the fillrule is set as needed.
3. Now make a shape with a bezier curve. Let's just make a circle:
override func layoutSubviews() {
super.layoutSubviews()
examp.frame = bounds
let i = bounds.width * 0.30
let thing = UIBezierPath(ovalIn: bounds.insetBy(dx: i, dy: i))
...
}
So that's a small circle in the middle of the view.
If you want to "have the shape" it's just
override func layoutSubviews() {
super.layoutSubviews()
fill.frame = bounds
let i = bounds.width * 0.30
let thing = UIBezierPath(ovalIn: bounds.insetBy(dx: i, dy: i))
shapeAsMask.path = thing.cgPath
}
If you want to "have the INVERSE OF the shape" it's just
override func layoutSubviews() {
super.layoutSubviews()
fill.frame = bounds
let i = bounds.width * 0.30
let thing = UIBezierPath(ovalIn: bounds.insetBy(dx: i, dy: i))
let p = CGMutablePath()
p.addRect(bounds)
p.addPath(thing.cgPath)
shapeAsMask.path = p
}
In short, the "negative" of this ..
let thing = UIBezierPath( ... some path
is just this:
let neg = CGMutablePath()
neg.addRect(bounds)
neg.addPath(thing.cgPath)
So that's it.
Don't forget that ...
Anytime you have a mask (or a layer!) you have to set it in layoutSubviews. (That's why layoutSubviews is named layoutSubviews !)

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