Docker Sidekiq Starting - Rails App with Puma - ruby-on-rails

The following Dockerfile it's supposed to start sidekiq when the container it's started:
FROM phusion/baseimage:0.9.18
ENV RUBY_MAJOR "2.0"
ENV RUBY_VERSION "2.0.0-p643"
ENV RUBYGEMS_VERSION "2.5.2"
ENV BUNDLER_VERSION "1.11.2"
ENV NODE_VERSION "5.5.0"
ENV BOWER_VERSION "1.7.6"
ENV APT_PACKAGES " \
git imagemagick \
gcc g++ make patch binutils libc6-dev \
libjemalloc-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev zlib1g-dev libgmp-dev \
libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libpq-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev htop \
"
ENV APT_REMOVE_PACKAGES "openssh-server"
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade
RUN apt-get install -y $APT_PACKAGES
RUN apt-get remove --purge -y $APT_REMOVE_PACKAGES
RUN apt-get autoremove --purge -y
WORKDIR /tmp
RUN curl -o ruby.tgz \
"https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/${RUBY_MAJOR}/ruby-${RUBY_VERSION}.tar.gz" && \
tar -xzf ruby.tgz && \
cd ruby-${RUBY_VERSION} && \
./configure --enable-shared --with-jemalloc --disable-install-doc && \
make -j4 && \
make install && \
rm /usr/local/lib/libruby-static.a
ENV GEM_SPEC_CACHE "/tmp/gemspec"
RUN echo 'gem: --no-document' > $HOME/.gemrc
RUN gem update --system ${RUBYGEMS_VERSION}
RUN gem install -v ${BUNDLER_VERSION} bundler
RUN curl https://nodejs.org/dist/v${NODE_VERSION}/node-v${NODE_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz \
|tar -xz -C /usr --strip-components=1
RUN npm install bower#${BOWER_VERSION} -g
RUN rm /etc/my_init.d/00_regen_ssh_host_keys.sh
RUN rm -r /etc/service/sshd
RUN useradd -m app
RUN mkdir /home/app/webapp && chown app:app -R /home/app
RUN rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* /var/lib/apt /var/lib/dpkg /usr/share/man /usr/share/doc
WORKDIR /home/app/webapp
# Copy the Gemfile as well as the Gemfile.lock and install
# the RubyGems. This is a separate step so the dependencies
# will be cached unless changes to one of those two files
# are made.
COPY Gemfile Gemfile.lock ./
RUN gem install bundler && bundle install --jobs 20 --retry 5 --without development test
# Copy the main application.
COPY . ./
COPY .cron/daily_run_app /etc/cron.daily/
RUN chmod a+x /etc/cron.daily/daily_run_app
# Precompile Rails assets
RUN bundle exec rake assets:precompile
EXPOSE 3000
COPY .conf_files/sidekiq.sh /etc/service/sidekiq/run
COPY .conf_files/appserver.sh /etc/service/appserver/run
# Start puma
RUN chmod a+x /etc/service/appserver/run
ENTRYPOINT /etc/service/appserver/run
#ENTRYPOINT bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
# Start sidekiq
#ENTRYPOINT bundle exec sidekiq -L log/sidekiq.log
#RUN chmod a+x /etc/service/sidekiq/run
#ENTRYPOINT /etc/service/sidekiq/run
The script /etc/service/appserver/run:
#!/bin/bash
SIDEKIQ_THREADS=${SIDEKIQ_THREADS:-16}
cd /home/app/webapp
exec chpst -u app bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb \
2>&1 |logger -t appserver
SIDEKIQ_CONFIG="/home/app/webapp/config/sidekiq.yml"
exec chpst -u root bundle exec sidekiq -t 5 -c $SIDEKIQ_THREADS -C $SIDEKIQ_CONFIG \
2>&1 |logger -t sidekiq
You can enquequed jobs because you can see that in the sidekiq dasboard, but they are not going to be processed because sidekiq it's not started, but it should be started with the Dockerfile and Script that are shown above. So when you type manually:
bundle exec sidekiq
Right here sidekiq it's started and the jobs now could be processed. what could be happening?

Related

/bin/bash: 1: ./entrypoint.sh: not found

In Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) based Dockerfile, I tried to use CMD to run an entry point command:
#EDIT
WORKDIR "/tmp"
USER root
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["/bin/bash","-c","/tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh"]
/tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh:
#!/bin/bash
nginx -g 'daemon off;'
cd /tmp
RAILS_ENV=proudction bundle exec rails server -p 3000
service nginx start
But I still getting error
/bin/bash: 1: ./entrypoint.sh: not found
I also tried
ENTRYPOINT /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
CMD ["/bin/bash","-c","/tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh"]
but it always show entrypoint.sh not found, Any idea?
EDIT
full docker file:
FROM ruby:3.0.5
RUN apt update -y
RUN apt install -y nginx
COPY --from=public.ecr.aws/awsguru/aws-lambda-adapter:0.6.1 /lambda-adapter /opt/extensions/lambda-adapter
RUN apt-get update -y
RUN apt-get --assume-yes install autoconf bison patch build-essential rustc libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libgmp-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm6 libgdbm-dev libdb-dev uuid-dev
RUN apt-get install -y rubygems #ruby-dev
RUN gem install bundler -v '2.2.32'
RUN bundle config --local build.sassc --disable-march-tune-native
# UPDATE NODE:
RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
# YARN:
RUN curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add -
RUN echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
RUN apt update && apt install yarn
# Fix issue with sassc gem
RUN bundle config --local build.sassc --disable-march-tune-native
RUN apt-get install -y awscli
#END OF ORIGINAL
#RUN bundle config set without 'development test'
#RUN rm -rf /home/app/webapp/app
RUN mkdir /tmp/rails
COPY . /tmp/rails
WORKDIR "/tmp/rails"
RUN bundle install # --path=vendor
ENV RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES false
ENV EXECJS_RUNTIME=Disabled
ENV WEBPACKER_PRECOMPILE=false
ENV NODE_ENV=production
RUN yarn config set ignore-engines true
#RUN bundle exec rails webpacker:compile
RUN bundle exec rails assets:precompile
ARG GIT_REVISION_ARG
ENV GIT_REVISION=$GIT_REVISION_ARG
#Rails App
RUN rm -f /etc/service/nginx/down
RUN rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
ADD webapp.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/webapp.conf
RUN chmod +x /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
WORKDIR "/tmp"
ADD nginx/app/config/ /etc/nginx/
ADD nginx/app/images/ /usr/share/nginx/html/images
USER root
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT /tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["/bin/bash","-c","/tmp/rails/entrypoint.sh"]

Yarn executable was not detected in the system

Rails with docker gives me error when asset precompiled.
i am trying to setup rails application with docker. everything is fine but asset precompiled issue raise during build image.
Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Dcoker file
`FROM ruby:2.7.2
ENV RAILS_ROOT /var/www/quickcard
ENV BUNDLE_VERSION 2.1.4
ENV BUNDLE_PATH usr/local/bundle/gems
ENV RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT true
ENV RAILS_PORT 5000
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential \
git \
libxml2-dev \
libpq-dev \
libxslt-dev \
nodejs \
yarn \
imagemagick \
tzdata \
less \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
RUN gem install bundler --version "$BUNDLE_VERSION"
RUN bundle config set path $BUNDLE_PATH
RUN mkdir -p $RAILS_ROOT
WORKDIR $RAILS_ROOT
ADD Gemfile Gemfile
ADD Gemfile.lock Gemfile.lock
COPY yarn.lock yarn.lock
RUN bundle install
EXPOSE $RAILS_PORT
RUN ln -s $RAILS_ROOT/config/systemd/puma.service /etc/systemd/system/quickcard
COPY . .
ENTRYPOINT ["entrypoint.sh"]
RUN bundle exec rake assets:precompile
CMD ["bundle", "exec", "puma", "-C", "config/puma.rb"]
`
How to resolve this error?

Deploy Rails app into Heroku with Docker using heroku.yml

After following the tutorial at: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/build-docker-images-heroku-yml it was not clear which contents we should put in the Dockerfile.
For a Rails app what do we need in our Dockerfile?
There is a Rails 5 example that you can base your solution: https://github.com/jahangiranwari/rails5-docker-heroku/
For a Rails 6 project I've used the following Dockerfile:
FROM ruby:2.6.6
# Install node & yarn
RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
RUN curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add -
RUN echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y yarn
# Install base deps or additional (e.g. tesseract)
ARG INSTALL_DEPENDENCIES
RUN apt-get update -qq \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ${INSTALL_DEPENDENCIES} \
build-essential libpq-dev git \
&& apt-get clean autoclean \
&& apt-get autoremove -y \
&& rm -rf \
/var/lib/apt \
/var/lib/dpkg \
/var/lib/cache \
/var/lib/log
# Install deps with bundler
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app
COPY Gemfile* /app/
ARG BUNDLE_INSTALL_ARGS
RUN gem install bundler:2.1.4
RUN bundle config set without 'development test'
RUN bundle install ${BUNDLE_INSTALL_ARGS} \
&& rm -rf /usr/local/bundle/cache/* \
&& find /usr/local/bundle/gems/ -name "*.c" -delete \
&& find /usr/local/bundle/gems/ -name "*.o" -delete
COPY . /app/
# Compile assets
ARG RAILS_ENV=development
RUN if [ "$RAILS_ENV" = "production" ]; then SECRET_KEY_BASE=$(rake secret) bundle exec rake assets:precompile; fi
And this heroku.yml file:
build:
docker:
web: Dockerfile
config:
BUNDLE_INSTALL_ARGS: --jobs 10 --retry=3
RAILS_ENV: production
# Put extra deps here
INSTALL_DEPENDENCIES: curl openssh-server python
run:
web: bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
Update 20-1-22:
It works for Rails 7

docker-compose.yml not working for rails app

I have developed a simple rails app that uses Redis, sidekiq, and mysql2. I'm trying to run the app using docker-compose. I wrote a docker-compose.yml which is working fine. I've made a few changes to the docker file which isn't working and when I see the logs the webapp container is exiting with exit code 1.
These are my files
Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:16.04
ENV RUBY_MAJOR="2.6" \
RUBY_VERSION="2.6.3" \
RUBYGEMS_VERSION="3.0.8" \
BUNDLER_VERSION="1.17.3" \
RAILS_VERSION="5.2.1" \
RAILS_ENV="production" \
GEM_HOME="/usr/local/bundle"
ENV BUNDLE_PATH="$GEM_HOME" \
BUNDLE_BIN="$GEM_HOME/bin" \
BUNDLE_SILENCE_ROOT_WARNING=1 \
BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG="$GEM_HOME"
ENV PATH="$BUNDLE_BIN:$GEM_HOME/bin:$GEM_HOME/gems/bin:$PATH"
USER root
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get -y install sudo
RUN echo "%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers && \
addgroup --gid 1024 stars && \
useradd -G stars,sudo -d /home/user --shell /bin/bash -m user
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/etc \
&& echo 'install: --no-document' >> /usr/local/etc/gemrc \
&& echo 'update: --no-document' >> /usr/local/etc/gemrc
USER user
RUN sudo apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends vim make gcc zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev \
curl htop unzip mc openssh-server openssl bison libgdbm-dev ruby git libmysqlclient-dev tzdata mysql-client
RUN sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& sudo curl -fSL -o ruby.tar.gz "http://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/$RUBY_MAJOR/ruby-$RUBY_VERSION.tar.gz" \
&& sudo mkdir -p /usr/src/ruby \
&& sudo tar -xzf ruby.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ruby --strip-components=1 \
&& sudo rm ruby.tar.gz
USER root
RUN cd /usr/src/ruby \
&& { sudo echo '#define ENABLE_PATH_CHECK 0'; echo; cat file.c; } > file.c.new && mv file.c.new file.c \
&& autoconf \
&& ./configure --disable-install-doc
USER user
RUN cd /usr/src/ruby \
&& sudo make -j"$(nproc)" \
&& sudo make install \
&& sudo gem update --system $RUBYGEMS_VERSION \
&& sudo rm -r /usr/src/ruby
RUN sudo gem install bundler --version "$BUNDLER_VERSION"
RUN sudo mkdir -p "$GEM_HOME" "$BUNDLE_BIN" \
&& sudo chmod 777 "$GEM_HOME" "$BUNDLE_BIN" \
&& sudo gem install rails --version "$RAILS_VERSION"
RUN mkdir -p ~/.ssh && \
chmod 0700 ~/.ssh && \
ssh-keyscan github.com > ~/.ssh/known_hosts
ARG ssh_pub_key
ARG ssh_prv_key
RUN echo "$ssh_pub_key" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub && \
echo "$ssh_prv_key" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa && \
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub && \
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
USER root
RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
USER user
WORKDIR /data
RUN sudo mkdir /data/checklist
WORKDIR /data/checklist
ADD Gemfile Gemfile.lock ./
RUN sudo chown -R user /data/checklist
RUN bundle install
ADD . .
RUN sudo chown -R user /data/checklist
EXPOSE 3001
ENV RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES true
ENV RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT true
RUN chmod +x ./config/docker/compile.sh && ./config/docker/compile.sh
CMD ["bundle", "exec", "rails", "s", "-p", "3001"]
compile.sh
bundle exec rake assets:precompile
bundle exec rake db:migrate 2>/dev/null || bundle exec rake db:create db:migrate
echo "Assets Pre-compiled!"
This is my docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
db:
image: mysql:5.7
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_DATABASE: "list"
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "Mission2019"
MYSQL_USERNAME: "root"
webapp:
build: .
ports:
- '3001:3001'
volumes:
- '.:/data/checklist'
depends_on:
- db
- redis
command: rails db:migrate
environment:
DB_USERNAME: "root"
DB_PASSWORD: "Mission2019"
DB_DATABASE: "list"
DB_PORT: 3306
DB_HOST: db
RAILS_ENV: production
RAILS_MAX_THREADS: 5
redis:
image: redis:4.0-alpine
command: redis-server
ports:
- '6379:6379'
sidekiq:
build: .
command: bundle exec sidekiq -C config/sidekiq.yml
depends_on:
- "db"
- "redis"
Working Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:16.04
ENV RUBY_MAJOR="2.6" \
RUBY_VERSION="2.6.3" \
RUBYGEMS_VERSION="3.0.8" \
BUNDLER_VERSION="1.17.3" \
RAILS_VERSION="5.2.1" \
RAILS_ENV="production" \
GEM_HOME="/usr/local/bundle"
ENV BUNDLE_PATH="$GEM_HOME" \
BUNDLE_BIN="$GEM_HOME/bin" \
BUNDLE_SILENCE_ROOT_WARNING=1 \
BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG="$GEM_HOME"
ENV PATH="$BUNDLE_BIN:$GEM_HOME/bin:$GEM_HOME/gems/bin:$PATH"
USER root
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get -y install sudo
RUN echo "%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers && \
addgroup --gid 1024 stars && \
useradd -G stars,sudo -d /home/user --shell /bin/bash -m user
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/etc \
&& echo 'install: --no-document' >> /usr/local/etc/gemrc \
&& echo 'update: --no-document' >> /usr/local/etc/gemrc
USER user
RUN sudo apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends vim make gcc zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev \
curl htop unzip mc openssh-server openssl bison libgdbm-dev ruby git libmysqlclient-dev tzdata mysql-client
RUN sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& sudo curl -fSL -o ruby.tar.gz "http://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/$RUBY_MAJOR/ruby-$RUBY_VERSION.tar.gz" \
&& sudo mkdir -p /usr/src/ruby \
&& sudo tar -xzf ruby.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ruby --strip-components=1 \
&& sudo rm ruby.tar.gz
USER root
RUN cd /usr/src/ruby \
&& { sudo echo '#define ENABLE_PATH_CHECK 0'; echo; cat file.c; } > file.c.new && mv file.c.new file.c \
&& autoconf \
&& ./configure --disable-install-doc
USER user
RUN cd /usr/src/ruby \
&& sudo make -j"$(nproc)" \
&& sudo make install \
&& sudo gem update --system $RUBYGEMS_VERSION \
&& sudo rm -r /usr/src/ruby
RUN sudo gem install bundler --version "$BUNDLER_VERSION"
RUN sudo mkdir -p "$GEM_HOME" "$BUNDLE_BIN" \
&& sudo chmod 777 "$GEM_HOME" "$BUNDLE_BIN" \
&& sudo gem install rails --version "$RAILS_VERSION"
RUN mkdir -p ~/.ssh && \
chmod 0700 ~/.ssh && \
ssh-keyscan github.com > ~/.ssh/known_hosts
ARG ssh_pub_key
ARG ssh_prv_key
RUN echo "$ssh_pub_key" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub && \
echo "$ssh_prv_key" > ~/.ssh/id_rsa && \
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub && \
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
USER root
RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
USER user
WORKDIR /data
RUN sudo mkdir /data/checklist
WORKDIR /data/checklist
ADD Gemfile Gemfile.lock ./
RUN sudo chown -R user /data/checklist
RUN bundle install
ADD . .
RUN sudo chown -R user /data/checklist
EXPOSE 3001
ENV RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES true
ENV RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT true
ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "./config/docker/startup.sh"]
startup.sh for the working Dockerfile
kill -9 `cat /data/checklist/tmp/pids/server.pid`
bundle exec rake assets:precompile
bundle exec rake db:migrate 2>/dev/null || bundle exec rake db:create db:migrate
rails s -p 3001 -b 0.0.0.0 -e PRODUCTION
echo "Assets Pre-compiled!"
The reason for changing the Dockerfile from the one which works is, since I'm using sidekiq and I want sidekiq to run in another separate container all together. If I give command option in the docker-compose.yml it's not picking up and bundle exec sidekiq -C config/sidekiq.yml is not running in the sidekiq container.
I've kubernetes yaml files for the same app. Facing same problem there as well. I'm not able to overwrite the entrypoint instruction from the YAML for sidekiq pod.
Please let me know if any other info is needed.
You should use CMD in the second Dockerfile too, and then it can be overridden by the Docker Compose command:.
# CMD, not ENTRYPOINT
CMD ["sh", "./config/docker/startup.sh"]
One common use for ENTRYPOINT is to be a wrapper program that does some environment or other first-time setup, then executes the CMD that's passed in as the remainder of the command-line arguments. Then you can separately replace the command part, while keeping the setup part. In a Ruby environment bundle exec ... has the right semantics, so you can also consider:
# Note: MUST be JSON-array syntax
ENTRYPOINT ["bundle", "exec"]
# Can be either string or JSON-array form
CMD ["./config/docker/startup.sh"]
version: '3.8'
services:
webapp:
build: .
# Use default CMD/ENTRYPOINT from image
sidekiq:
build: .
# Overrides CMD, leaves ENTRYPOINT in place
command: sidekiq -C config/sidekiq.yml
There is a separate Compose entrypoint: override, but you should rarely need it.
(Your Dockerfile can be much much simpler. In general you do not need to configure sudo or user passwords, and Dockerfiles run as root by default unless you explicitly use USER to switch the current user IDs. Adding ssh credentials into a Dockerfile where they can be trivially docker cp'd out is also not a best practice. Also consider using the Docker Hub ruby image over building your own from source.)

How can I execute cron task as a non-root user within the rails docker container?

I'm trying to use cron as a non-root user in the docker container.
The container already has rails application by the non-root user and I want to execute cron tasks as the same user while getting rails server running at the same time.
However, when I run docker-compose up -d I get an error saying cron: can't open or create /var/run/crond.pid: Permission denied
So my question is if there is any way to execute cron task as non-root user in the container that has rails application.
Just so you know I tried not to use root account for a security reason.
Thank you in advance!
Here is my dockerfile bedow
...
FROM ruby:2.5
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
build-essential \
libpq-dev \
nodejs \
cron \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& apt-get clean
ENV \
USER=new_user \
GROUP=new_user \
APP_ROOT=/var/www/new_user \
HOME=/home/new_user \
RAILS_PATH=./apps/server/new_user
RUN groupadd $GROUP && \
useradd -g $GROUP $USER
RUN mkdir -p $APP_ROOT && \
mkdir -p $HOME
WORKDIR $APP_ROOT
COPY $RAILS_PATH/Gemfile .
COPY $RAILS_PATH/Gemfile.lock .
COPY $RAILS_PATH/config/puma.rb config/puma.rb
COPY $RAILS_PATH/config/schedule.rb config/schedule.rb
RUN \
gem update --system && \
gem install bundler && \
bundle config --global build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries && \
bundle config --global jobs 2 && \
bundle install --path=vendor/bundler
RUN \
chown -R $USER $HOME && \
chown -R $USER $APP_ROOT && \
chgrp -R $GROUP $APP_ROOT && \
chgrp -R $GROUP $APP_ROOT
USER $USER
RUN bundle exec whenever --update-crontab
CMD cron -f && bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
...
You could use the gem arask instead of whenever. It runs tasks within Rails, so the user is the same. Just reference your tasks from config/initializers/arask.rb instead and forget about running cron.

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