I am following this tutorial
I am trying to authorize user only If user is admin he should be able to see all post and comments otherwise the normal user can see its own post only .I have read github page but was quite confusing
[post_controller.rb]
class PostsController < ApplicationController
before_action :authenticate_user!, except: [:index, :show]
def index
#posts = Post.all.order('created_at DESC')
end
def new
#post = Post.new
end
def show
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
end
def create
#post = Post.new(post_params)
#post.user = current_user
if #post.save
redirect_to #post
else
render 'new'
end
end
def edit
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
end
def update
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
if #post.update(params[:post].permit(:title, :body))
redirect_to #post
else
render 'edit'
end
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
#post.destroy
redirect_to posts_path
end
private
def post_params
params.require(:post).permit(:title, :body)
end
end
[comments_controller]
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
def create
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.create(params[:comment].permit(:name, :body))
#comment.user = current_user
redirect_to post_path(#post)
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.find(params[:id])
#comment.destroy
redirect_to post_path(#post)
end
end
[ability.rb]
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
unless user
else
case user.roles
when 'admin'
can :manage, Post
can :manage, Comment
when 'user' # or whatever role you assigned to a normal logged in user
can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
can :manage, Comment, user_id: user.id
end
end
[comment.rb]
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :post
end
[post.rb]
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :comments, dependent: :destroy
validates :title, presence: true, length: {minimum: 5}
validates :body, presence: true
end
[user.rb]
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# Include default devise modules. Others available are:
# :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
:recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable
end
[migration]
class DeviseCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table(:users) do |t|
## Database authenticatable
t.string :email, null: false, default: ""
t.string :encrypted_password, null: false, default: ""
## Recoverable
t.string :reset_password_token
t.datetime :reset_password_sent_at
## Rememberable
t.datetime :remember_created_at
## Trackable
t.integer :sign_in_count, default: 0, null: false
t.datetime :current_sign_in_at
t.datetime :last_sign_in_at
t.string :current_sign_in_ip
t.string :last_sign_in_ip
t.timestamps
end
add_index :users, :email, unique: true
add_index :users, :reset_password_token, unique: true
end
end
[migration]
class CreateComments < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :comments do |t|
t.string :name
t.text :body
t.references :post, index: true
t.timestamps
end
end
end
[migration]
class CreatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :posts do |t|
t.string :title
t.text :body
t.timestamps
end
end
end
It seems you do not yet have a user relationship to post and comment in which you need in order to identify if the user owns/created the comment/post
Run:
rails generate migration AddUserToPost user:belongs_to
rails generate migration AddUserToComment user:belongs_to
bundle exec rake db:migrate
Then add the association relationships:
post.rb
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
# ..
end
comment.rb
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
# ..
end
user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :posts
has_many :comments
# ..
end
Now you can identify who owns the post/comment, and what posts/comments a user owned/created with something like the following pseudo-code:
# rails console
post = Post.find(1)
post_owner = post.user
comment = Comment.find(1)
comment_owner = comment.user
user = User.find(1)
user_comments = user.comments
user_posts = user.posts
Now, the next step is to auto-associate the logged-in user to newly created posts/comments. This is done through the controllers:
posts_controller.rb
class PostsController < ApplicationController
authorize_resource
# ..
def create
#post = Post.new(post_params)
#post.user = current_user # I assume you have a variable current_user, or if you are using Devise current_user is already accessible
if #post.save
redirect_to #post
else
render :new
end
end
end
comments_controller.rb
class CommentsController < Application
authorize_resource
# ..
def create
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.build(params[:comment].permit(:name, :body))
#puts "hhhhhhhhhh#{#comment}"
#comment.user = current_user # I assume you have a variable current_user, or if you are using Devise current_user is already accessible
#comment.save
redirect_to post_path(#post)
end
end
Now, at this point. Whenever a post/comment gets created, the logged-in user is automatically associated to it (as the owner).
Finally, we could just update the Ability class to only authorize users to :edit, :update, :show, and :destroy actions, if the user_id: current_user (logged-in user).
ability.rb
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
# if not logged in (Guest)
unless user
# cant do anything unless you add more `can` here
# else if logged in
else
case user.role
when 'admin'
can :manage, Post
can :manage, Comment
when 'normal' # or whatever role you assigned to a normal logged in user
can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
can :manage, Comment, user_id: user.id
# If you don't have a role name for a normal user, then use the else condition like Rich Peck's answer. Uncomment the following instead, and then comment the `when 'normal' block of code just above
# else
# can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
# can :manage, Comment, user_id: user.id
end
end
end
end
Just a final helpful information to the Ability above:
can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
This is just a shorthand equal to:
can [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy], Post, user_id: user.id
can [:index, :new, :create], Post
You will notice that user_id: user.id is not taken into consideration for :index, :new, and :create because these are :collection methods, and not :member methods. More info here
If you want readability and customizability, you may opt to use the longer one above instead of the shorthand :manage.
#app/models/ability.rb
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
user ||= User.new # guest user (not logged in)
case user.role
when "admin"
can :manage, :all
else
can :read, Post #-> cannot read comments
end
end
end
The above is how the ability class should look. You can replace the switch/case with if/else.
--
You're missing the evaluation of your objects, specifically with the can? & authorize methods:
#app/controllers/comments_controller.rb
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
def create
#post = Post.find params[:post_id]
#comment = #post.comments.new comment_params
#comment.save if authorize! :create, #comment
redirect_to #post
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find params[:post_id]
#comment = #post.comments.find params[:id]
#comment.destroy if authorize! :destroy, #comment
redirect_to #post
end
private
def comment_params
params.require(:comment).permit(:name, :body)
end
end
#app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
class PostsController < ApplicationController
def show
#post = Post.find params[:id]
end
end
#app/views/posts/show.html.erb
<%= #post.title %>
<%= render #post.comments if can? :read, #post.comments %>
1) Change this line in PostsController, delete this condition: except [index, show]. Or user could see pages without authorization.
before_action :authenticate_user!
2) Change index action and other with this style. Use - current_user.
def index
if current_user.has_role? :admin
#posts = Post.all.order('created_at DESC')
else
#posts = current_user.posts.order('created_at DESC')
end
end
You can write you abilities in this way
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
user ||= User.new # guest user (not logged in)
case user.role
when "admin"
can :manage, :all
else
can :read, Post, :user_id => user.id
end
end
end
And just load resources of post using ability resource so that it only load post of current user if other than admin
class CommentsController < Application
load_and_authorize_resource
def index
#posts = #posts
end
end
Related
I am trying to build a blog where there will be 2 users admin and normal user.Admin can view every post and comment .Whereas normal user can view his only post and comment .I have applied my logic but it is not working .In my code every user can view each other post and comment which I don't want .I have uploaded my code at github
link
[ability.rb]
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
unless user
else
case user.roles
when 'admin'
can :manage, Post
can :manage, Comment
when 'user'
can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
can :manage, Comment, user_id: user.id
end
end
class PostsController < ApplicationController
before_action :authenticate_user!
authorize_resource
def index
#posts = Post.all.order('created_at DESC')
end
def new
#post = Post.new
end
def show
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
end
def create
#post = Post.new(post_params)
#post.user = current_user
if #post.save
redirect_to #post
else
render 'new'
end
end
def edit
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
end
def update
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
if #post.update(params[:post].permit(:title, :body))
redirect_to #post
else
render 'edit'
end
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
#post.destroy
redirect_to posts_path
end
private
def post_params
params.require(:post).permit(:title, :body)
end
end
[comment_controller]
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
authorize_resource
def create
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.build(params[:comment].permit(:name, :body))
#comment.user = current_user
#comment.save
redirect_to post_path(#post)
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.find(params[:id])
#comment.destroy
redirect_to post_path(#post)
end
end
[user.rb]
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# Include default devise modules. Others available are:
# :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
:recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable
has_many :posts
has_many :comments
end
[post.rb]
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :comments, dependent: :destroy
validates :title, presence: true, length: {minimum: 5}
validates :body, presence: true
belongs_to :user
end
[comment.rb]
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :post
belongs_to :user
end
Firstly...
CanCan is no longer maintained; CanCanCan should be added to your Gemfile:
#Gemfile
gem "cancancan"
--
You'll be able to use the following:
#app/models/ability.rb
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
user ||= User.new # guest user (not logged in)
case user.roles
when "admin" #-> use double quotes for evaluating strings
can :manage, [Post, Comment]
when "user"
can :manage, [Post, Comment], user_id: user.id
end
end
end
--
You also need to make sure you're calling authorize!.
Although authorize_resource is good, in your case, you need to make sure you're sticking to convention...
#app/controllers/comments_controller.rb
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
authorize_resource :post
authorize_resource :comment
def create
#post = Post.find params[:post_id]
#comment = #post.comments.new comment_params
#comment.user = current_user
#comment.save
redirect_to #post
end
def destroy
#post = Post.find(params[:post_id])
#comment = #post.comments.find params[:id]
#comment.destroy
redirect_to #post
end
private
def comment_params
params.require(:comment).permit(:name, :body)
end
end
Most likely you just need to add :read instruction along with :manage to disallow user to view other users posts.
Like this:
class Ability
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
unless user
else
case user.roles
when 'admin'
can :manage, Post
can :manage, Comment
when 'user'
can :manage, Post, user_id: user.id
can :manage, Comment, user_id: user.id
can :read, Post, user_id: user.id
can :read, Comment, user_id: user.id
end
end
end
end
please refer to this page: https://github.com/ryanb/cancan/wiki/defining-abilities
Hope you have maintain the roles for each users as admin or normal.
you can try this
in ability.rb
include CanCan::Ability
def initialize(user)
case user.role
when User::Roles::ADMIN
can :manage, :all
end
when User::Roles::USER
can :create, Comment, :user_id => user.id
end
end
Hope this will help
I clearly made the role for users (as you can see down below) but it says it doesn't exist. Help please? By the way, you can see how I'm hardcoding myself.
app/controllers/application-controller.rb:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery with: :exception
helper_method :current_user
def current_user
#current_user ||= User.find(session[:user_id]) if session[:user_id]
end
def require_user
redirect_to '/login' unless current_user
end
def require_admin
redirect_to '/' unless current_user.admin
end
end
User.create(first_name: "Johnny", last_name: "Appleseed", email: "j.appleseed#example", password: "MY AWESOME PASSWORD THAT NOBODY KNOWS", role: "admin")
db/migrate/20160109170743_create_users:
class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :users do |t|
t.string :first_name
t.string :last_name
t.string :email
t.string :password_digest
t.string :role, :default => "reader"
t.timestamps null: false
end
end
end
app/controllers/users-controller:
class UsersController < ApplicationController
def new
#user = User.new
end
def create
#user = User.new(user_params)
if #user.save
session[:user_id] = #user.id
redirect_to '/'
else
redirect_to '/signup'
end
end
private
def user_params
params.require(:user).permit(:first_name, :last_name, :email, :password, :role)
end
end
Without knowing the specific error message, I can only speculate that your error is here:
def require_admin
redirect_to '/' unless current_user.admin
end
Regardless of the attributes you have in your model / db, you'll only get instance methods you've defined. You don't have admin in your User object, thus making current_user.admin invalid.
You'd need to use the following:
#app/models/user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
def admin?
self.role == "admin"
end
end
current_user.admin? #-> true / false
Whilst the question mark isn't required, it denotes the evaluation of an object's properties (true / false).
As an aside, you may want to look at adding an enum to your User model:
#app/models/user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
enum role: [:reader, :admin]
end
This will give you a series of instance & class methods to better help your logic:
#user = User.find params[:id]
if #user.admin?
...
#admins = User.admin
#-> collection of "admin" users
To do it, you'll need to change your role column from string to integer
I would suggest that you use boolean for the column role.
User.rb
def admin?
self.role == true
end
so you can do
redirect_to '/' unless current_user.admin?
I have 1:N relationship between user and post model. I want to access user_id in post model. I tried it by accessing current_user but it's throwing cannot find current_user variable.
My userModel class:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable, :validatable
has_many :post
validates_format_of :email, with: /\A([^#\s]+)#((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i
end
MyPostModel class:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
before_create :fill_data
validates_presence_of :name, :message => 'Name field cannot be empty..'
def fill_data
self.is_delete = false
self.user_id = current_user # here I am getting the error
end
end
MyPostController class
class PostController < ApplicationController
before_action :authenticate_user!
def index
#post = Post.all
end
def new
#post = Post.new
end
def create
#post = Post.new(post_params)
if #post.save
redirect_to action: 'index'
else
render 'new'
end
end
.....
private
def post_params
params.require(:post).permit(:name,:user_id,:is_delete)
end
end
I can access the before_action :authenticate_user! in Post controller but not current_user in post model or controller. What I am doing wrong here in Post.fill_data. self.user_id?
Rest of the code is working fine and I can see the new entry of :name and :is_delete in sqlite3 database (when I am commenting self.user_id line in Post class).
Edit-1
I already have migration class for post
class CreatePosts < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :posts do |t|
t.string :name
t.boolean :is_delete
t.references :user, index: true, foreign_key: true
t.timestamps null: false
end
end
end
In Rails your models should not be aware of the apps current user or any other state. They only need to know about themselves and the objects they are directly related to.
The controller on the other hand is aware of the current user.
So the proper way to do this would be to remove the fill_data callback from Post. And do it in the controller:
class PostController < ApplicationController
before_action :authenticate_user!
def index
#post = Post.all
end
def new
#post = current_user.posts.build
end
def create
#post = current_user.posts.build(post_params)
if #post.save
redirect_to action: 'index'
else
render 'new'
end
end
private
def post_params
params.require(:post).permit(:name,:user_id,:is_delete)
end
end
You should also set the default for your is_delete column in the database instead, but if you want to rock it like a pro use an enum instead.
Create a migration rails g migration AddStateToUsers and fill it with:
class AddStateToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_column :users, :state, :integer, default: 0
remove_column :users, :is_delete
add_index :users, :state
end
end
We then use the rails enum macro to map state to a list of symbols:
class Post
enum state: [:draft, :published, :trashed]
# ...
end
That lets you do Post.trashed to get all posts in the trash or post.trashed? to check if a specific post is trashed.
notice that I use trashed instead of deleted because ActiveRecord has build in deleted? methods that we don't want to mess with.
You are trying to add current_user.id in post model using before_create call back. but better to do is use this
In posts_controller.rb
def new
#post = current_user.posts.new
end
def create
#post = current_user.posts.create(posts_params)
end
This will create a post for the current user.
Your fill_data method would be
def fill_data
self.is_delete = false
end
While using Cancan, I'm not able to edit or delete Comments - Comments are related to Jobs.
Cancan is working fine for Jobs but for Comments the edit and delete are not shown. Is this because the Comments are shown in Jobs?
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :job
belongs_to :user
end
class Job < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :jobcategory
has_many :comments, dependent: :destroy
end
ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20150522132410) do
# These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
enable_extension "plpgsql"
create_table "comments", force: true do |t|
t.text "content"
t.integer "job_id"
t.integer "user_id"
t.datetime "created_at"
t.datetime "updated_at"
end
add_index "comments", ["job_id"], name: "index_comments_on_job_id", using: :btree
add_index "comments", ["user_id"], name: "index_comments_on_user_id", using: :btree
user ||= User.new # guest user (not logged in)
if user.admin?
can :access, :rails_admin # only allow admin users to access Rails Admin
can :dashboard
can :manage, :all
else
can :read, :all
can [ :edit, :update, :destroy ], Comment do |comment|
comment.try(:user_id) == user.id
end
can [ :edit, :update, :destroy ], Job do |job|
job.user_id == user.id
end
can :create , Comment
can :create , Job
end
- if can? :update, #comment
= link_to "Edit", edit_job_comment_path(comment.job, comment)
- if can? :destroy, #comment
= link_to "Delete", [comment.job, comment], method: :delete, data: { confirm: "Are you sure?" }
class JobsController < ApplicationController
before_action :find_job, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
before_action :authenticate_user!,except:[:index]
def show
#comments =Comment.where(job_id: #job)
end
UPDATED:
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
before_action :authenticate_user!
def show
end
def create
#job = Job.find(params[:job_id])
#comment = #job.comments.create(params[:comment].permit(:content))
#comment.user_id = current_user.id if current_user
#comment.save
if #comment.save
redirect_to job_path(#job)
else
render 'new'
end
end
def edit
#job = Job.find(params[:job_id])
#comment = Comment.find(params[:id])
authorize! :update, #comment
end
def update
#job = Job.find(params[:job_id])
#comment = #job.comments.find(params[:id])
if #comment.update(params[:comment].permit(:comment))
redirect_to job_path(#job)
else
render 'edit'
end
authorize! :update, #comment
end
def destroy
#job = Job.find(params[:job_id])
#comment = #job.comments.find(params[:id])
#comment.destroy
redirect_to job_path(#job)
authorize! :destroy, #comment
end
end
It seems to be your object is comment but you used #comment
I would like to create relationships between three models: user, post and comment.
User have many posts and comments
Post have only one user and many comments
Comment have one user and one post
so i create next migrations:
class Users < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :users do |t|
t.string :name
t.string :email
t.timestamps
end
end
end
class Posts < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :posts do |t|
t.string :content
t.integer :user_id
t.timestamps
end
end
end
class Comments < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :comments do |t|
t.string :title
t.string :content
t.integer :user_id
t.integer :post_id
t.timestamps
end
end
end
=============================================
models are next:
user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :posts
has_many :comments
end
post.rb
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
has_many :comments
end
comment.rb
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :user
belongs_to :post
end
===============================================
My users_controller.rb
class UsersController < ApplicationController
before_action :signed_in_user, only: [:index, :edit, :update, :destroy]
before_action :correct_user, only: [:edit, :update]
before_action :admin_user, only: :destroy
def index
#users = User.paginate(page: params[:page])
end
def show
#user = User.find(params[:id])
#posts = #user.posts.paginate(page: params[:page])
#comments = #user.comments.paginate(page: params[:page])
end
def new
#user = User.new(params[:user])
end
def edit
##user = User.find(params[:id])
end
def update
##user = User.find(params[:id])
if #user.update_attributes(user_params)
flash[:success] = "Profile updated"
redirect_to #user
else
render 'edit'
end
end
def destroy
User.find(params[:id]).destroy
flash[:success] = "User deleted."
redirect_to users_url
end
def create
#user = User.new(user_params)
if #user.save
flash[:success] = "Welcome to the Sample App!"
redirect_to #user
else
render 'new'
end
end
private
def user_params
params.require(:user).permit(:name, :email, :password,
:password_confirmation)
end
# Before filters
def correct_user
#user = User.find(params[:id])
redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user?(#user)
end
def admin_user
redirect_to(root_url) unless current_user.admin?
end
end
now i want to create some actions for next tasks:
For posts_controller.rb
1.1 create a post by user
1.2 delete a post by user
1.3 show user post with all comments
1.4 show all user posts
class PostsController < ApplicationController
before_action :signed_in_user, only: [:create, :destroy]
before_action :correct_user, only: :destroy
def create
#post = user.post.build(post_params)
#post = post.save
end
def destroy
#post.destroy
end
def show_user_post_with_all_comments
???
end
def show_all_user_posts
???
end
private
def post_params
params.require(:post).permit(:title, :content)
end
def correct_user
#post = current_user.posts.find_by(id: params[:id])
redirect_to root_url if #post.nil?
end
end
For comments_controller.rb
2.1 create a comment by user in post
2.2 delete a comment by user in post
2.3 show all user comments
2.4 find and show a post by user comment
class CommentsController < ApplicationController
before_action :signed_in_user, only: [:create, :destroy]
before_action :correct_user, only: :destroy
def create
#comment = user.comment.build(comment_params)
#comment = comment.save
end
def destroy
#comment.destroy
end
def show_comment
???
end
def show_all_user_comments
???
end
def find_and_show_post_by_user_comment
???
end
private
def comment_params
params.require(:comment).permit(:content)
end
def correct_user
#comment = current_user.comments.find_by(id: params[:id])
redirect_to root_url if #comment.nil?
end
end
Pls check for correct my migrations and models and help me with creating of actions with "???" in bodies
Thank you much for your answers.
PostsController
def show_user_post_with_all_comments
#post = Post.find(params[:id]).eager_load(:comments)
end
def show_all_user_posts
#posts = current_user.posts
end
CommentsController
def show_comment
#comment = Comment.find(params[:id])
end
def show_all_user_comments
#comments = current_user.comments
end
def find_and_show_post_by_user_comment
#comment = Comment.find(params[:id]).eager_load(:post)
#post = #comment.post
end
What I've done in the past in a similar situation would be to put all this work in the UsersController and add a few new actions to it:
class UsersController < ApplicationController
...
def new_post
#user = User.find(params[:id])
end
def create_post
#user = User.find(params[:id])
if #user.update_attributes user_post_params
redirect_to somewhere_path
else
render 'new_post'
end
end
def show_post
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
# Not sure how you are implementing sessions, but say you have current_user defined
# for sessions, then your view could have a delete link conditional on
# #post.user_id == current_user.id
#comments = #post.comments
end
def show_all_posts
#user = User.find(params[:id])
#posts = #user.posts
end
def new_comment
#user = current_user
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
end
def create_comment
#user = current_user
#post = Post.find(params[:id])
#comment = Comment.new(comment_params)
if #post.update_attributes comment_params
#user.comments << #comment
if #user.save
redirect_to somewhere
else
render 'new_comment'
end
else
render 'new_comment'
end
end
def show_comments
#user = User.find(params[:id])
#comments = #user.comments
end
...
private
def user_post_params
params.require(:user).permit(:id, posts_attributes: [:title, :content])
end
def comment_params
params.require(:post).permit(:id, comments_attributes: [:content, :user_id])
end
In show_post.html.erb:
<% if #post.user_id == current_user.id %>
<%= link_to 'delete', post, method: :delete, data: { confirm: "you sure?" }
<% end %>
in your routes.rb:
get '/user/:id/new_post' => 'users#new_post', as: :user_new_post
put '/user/:id/create_post' => 'test_takers#create_post', as: :user_create_post
...and similar lines for the other actions.
Hopefully this can get you started...