Draw Custom shapes (Geofences) zones on MKMapView - ios

I'm creating an Universal app and I have to create custom safe zones on the map view.
What I do is:
Add a new UIView as superview of map view called squareZone.
To the squareZone view I add UIPanGestureRecognizer, UIPinchGestureRecognizer and UIRotationGestureRecognizer so I can move, rotate and zoom (in and out).
Here is the code of SquareZone
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame{
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
if (self) {
self.opaque = NO;
self.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0f;
}
return self;
}
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
[super drawRect:rect];
UIColor *color = [UIColor colorWithRed: 0.765 green: 0.439 blue: 0.443 alpha: 0.658];
UIBezierPath *rectanglePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect: rect];
[color setFill];
[rectanglePath fill];
[UIColor.whiteColor setStroke];
rectanglePath.lineWidth = 5;
CGFloat rectanglePattern[] = {2, 3};
[rectanglePath setLineDash: rectanglePattern count: 2 phase: 0];
[rectanglePath stroke];
}
Now, when the user adjust the squareZone I have to show on a UILabel the distance between each point in meters. For that task I'm using
- (CLLocationDistance)distanceFromLocation:(const CLLocation *)location
How can I add/show the four UILabels when the user interacts with the squareZone.
I need some light here. I had seen many tutorials but I cannot imagine how can this is posible. For reference, there is an app called
Trax: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/trax-gps-tracker/id647170688?mt=8
I have to do the same Drawing Geofence Zone.
Thanks in advance.

First thing to mention is that Trax has two different modes:
1) editing -- where you draw the path
2) live -- where it shows the result.
Editing mode
While in editing, you cannot move and zoom inside of your MKMapView. This happens because they are using the same approach as you do -- they are adding a UIView on top of MKMapView, so that gestures do not conflict with each other.
All you need to do is add CGPoints to some array and use them in the future.
Of course, there are a few difficulties with using CoreGraphics framework, but it is not that tricky.
Live mode
After user added all CGPoints, you now have to convert these points into actual CLLocationCoordinate2D instances.
CGPoint thePoint = ...
CLLocationCoordinate2D theLocationCoordinate2D = [theMapView convertPoint:thePoint toCoordinateFromView:theDrawingView];
What Trax have in their app are probably (almost certainly) instances of MKPolygon class.
You can add it like so:
NSUInteger theCount = self.theMainDrawingView.thePointsArray.count;
CLLocationCoordinate2D theLocationCoordinatesArray[theCount];
for (NSUInteger theIndex = 0; theIndex < theCount; theIndex++)
{
CGPoint thePoint = self.theMainDrawingView.thePointsArray[theIndex].CGPointValue;
CLLocationCoordinate2D theLocationCoordinate2D = [self.theMainMapView convertPoint:thePoint toCoordinateFromView:self.theMainDrawingView];
theLocationCoordinatesArray[theIndex] = theLocationCoordinate2D;
}
MKPolygon *thePolygon = [MKPolygon polygonWithCoordinates:theLocationCoordinatesArray count:theCount];
[self.theMainMapView addOverlay:thePolygon];
However, this is not the end. This will trigger a delegate method of your MKMapView (don't forget to set its .delegate property)
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
if (![overlay isKindOfClass:[MKPolygon class]])
{
return nil;
}
MKPolygonView *thePolygonView = [[MKPolygonView alloc] initWithPolygon:(MKPolygon *)overlay];
thePolygonView.fillColor = [[UIColor cyanColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.2];
thePolygonView.strokeColor = [[UIColor redColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.6];
thePolygonView.lineWidth = 4;
return thePolygonView;
}
Result looks like this:
Summary
Of course, this doesn't fully solve the issue, because you would have to add pinch and pan gestures too, but I hope that I could point into the right direction.

Related

Circular UIButtons Getting Distorted on Rotation Animation Due to Resize

I have this 10 keypad on iPhone that has basically the same screen as the iPhone unlock screen, only mine rotates which resizes the buttons to fit the screen. The problem is that the animation of rotating the device distorts the round shape because they have changed size, but the cornerRadius is the same until it completes the animation. Once the rotation animation has completed, the buttons get the radius set again, thus making them round. I don't know how to have the UIButtons always round, specifically during the rotation animation. Here's basically what I have:
- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
[self setupButtons];
}
- (void)setupButtons {
for (UIButton *button in self.touchPadButtons) {
[self roundifyButton:button withRadius:radius];
}
}
- (void)roundifyButton:(UIButton *)button {
NSInteger height = button.frame.size.height;
radius = height/2;
button.layer.cornerRadius = radius;
button.layer.borderWidth = .6f;
button.layer.borderColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
button.clipsToBounds = YES;
}
I've tried using:
- (void)viewWillTransitionToSize:(CGSize)size withTransitionCoordinator:(id<UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator>)coordinator
but it seems like in order for setting the radius to work from that method, I'd have to set the size of my buttons programmatically instead of using autolayout. Does anyone have any magical suggestions on handling this? I would sure love to not rotate, like Apple, but unfortunately that decision was not mine.
Wow, this was tougher than I thought it would be. Fortunately, WWDC is going on right now and I was able to get a solution from the Interface Builder lab. His solution was to subclass UIButton and overwrite the drawRect: method. So this is the only method you should have in the CircleButton class. One issue I found is that the lineWidth property doesn't get set before it's initialized by the nib. I overwrote the init method and set a default value, but it doesn't get hit the first time when the nib initializes the buttons. So I had to add the default value in the drawRect: method. I hope this helps people who need circular UIButtons that can resize.
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
[[UIColor whiteColor] set];
if (!self.lineWidth) {
self.lineWidth = 0.75;
}
CGRect bounds = [self bounds];
CGRect circleRect = CGRectMake(CGRectGetMidX(bounds), CGRectGetMidY(bounds), 0, 0);
CGFloat radius = MIN(bounds.size.width, bounds.size.height) / 2.0;
circleRect = CGRectInset(circleRect, -radius, -radius);
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectInset(circleRect, self.lineWidth / 2.0, self.lineWidth / 2.0)];
[path setLineWidth:self.lineWidth];
[path stroke];
}
In case you want to animate the button click the way iPhone lock-screen does, you'll need to add this to the CircleButton class. Otherwise only the titleLabel will be highlighted.
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
[[UIColor whiteColor] set];
if (!self.lineWidth) {
self.lineWidth = 0.75;
}
CGRect bounds = [self bounds];
CGRect circleRect = CGRectMake(CGRectGetMidX(bounds), CGRectGetMidY(bounds), 0, 0);
CGFloat radius = MIN(bounds.size.width, bounds.size.height) / 2.0;
circleRect = CGRectInset(circleRect, -radius, -radius);
self.layer.cornerRadius = radius;
self.clipsToBounds = YES;
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectInset(circleRect, self.lineWidth / 2.0, self.lineWidth / 2.0)];
[path setLineWidth:self.lineWidth];
[path stroke];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
// highlight button on click
self.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
[super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event];
}
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event];
// remove highlight
self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
}

dynamically change lineWidth of mkpolyline

I have Map in my app in which is moving as per user location.I have successfully drawn a polyline for source and destination.
Using following code
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id < MKOverlay >)overlay{
MKPolylineView *view1 = [[MKPolylineView alloc] initWithOverlay:overlay];
view1.lineWidth = 27.0;
view1.strokeColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:55.0/255.0 green:168.0/255.0 blue:219.0/255.0 alpha:1];
return view1;
}
But my problem is when map is moving , mean i am changing region of map as user moves , then some times polyline is not shown good some time its show thicker than actual size as you can see in below image.
i am attaching the image below, please let me know what can i do for smooth polyline when map is moving.
EDIT
As Matt suggested i create a subclass of MKPolylineRenderer and implement drawMapRect method as below:
-(void)drawMapRect:(MKMapRect)mapRect zoomScale:(MKZoomScale)zoomScale inContext:(CGContextRef)context{
CGMutablePathRef fullPath = CGPathCreateMutable();
BOOL pathIsEmpty = YES;
//merging all the points as entire path
for (int i=0;i< self.polyline.pointCount;i++){
CGPoint point = [self pointForMapPoint:self.polyline.points[i]];
if (pathIsEmpty){
CGPathMoveToPoint(fullPath, nil, point.x, point.y);
pathIsEmpty = NO;
} else {
CGPathAddLineToPoint(fullPath, nil, point.x, point.y);
}
}
//get bounding box out of entire path.
CGRect pointsRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(fullPath);
CGRect mapRectCG = [self rectForMapRect:mapRect];
//stop any drawing logic, cuz there is no path in current rect.
if (!CGRectIntersectsRect(pointsRect, mapRectCG))return;
UIColor *darker = [UIColor blackColor];
CGFloat baseWidth = 10 / zoomScale;
// draw the dark colour thicker
CGContextAddPath(context, self.path);
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, darker.CGColor);
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, baseWidth * 1.5);
CGContextSetLineCap(context, self.lineCap);
CGContextStrokePath(context);
// now draw the stroke color with the regular width
CGContextAddPath(context, self.path);
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [UIColor redColor].CGColor);
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, baseWidth);
CGContextSetLineCap(context, self.lineCap);
CGContextStrokePath(context);
[super drawMapRect:mapRect zoomScale:zoomScale inContext:context];
}
But Same problem
See below image:
ok, i think i got problem , my polyline is added once, but as user's speed i changing zoom level of MKMapView, zoom level is changed , but polyline width is not refresh,
SO how can i dynamically change lineWidth of mkpolyline ??
The problem is that you are setting your lineWidth at a fixed width (a really big fixed width). This gets larger or smaller as the map is zoomed larger or smaller.
Instead, implement your own MKOverlayRenderer subclass, and override drawMapRect:zoomScale:inContext:. It receives a zoomScale parameter, and so you can adjust the width of your line to look good at what the current scale may be.
Subclass MKPolylineRenderer and override applyStrokePropertiesToContext:atZoomScale: so that it ignores the scale, and draws lines at constant width:
#interface ConstantWidthPolylineRenderer : MKPolylineRenderer
#end
#implementation ConstantWidthPolylineRenderer
- (void)applyStrokePropertiesToContext:(CGContextRef)context
atZoomScale:(MKZoomScale)zoomScale
{
[super applyStrokePropertiesToContext:context atZoomScale:zoomScale];
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, self.lineWidth);
}
#end
Now use it and admire its smooth rendering:
- (MKOverlayRenderer *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView rendererForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
MKPolyline *polyline = (MKPolyline *)overlay;
ConstantWidthPolylineRenderer *renderer = [[ConstantWidthPolylineRenderer alloc] initWithPolyline:polyline];
renderer.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor];
renderer.lineWidth = 40;
return renderer;
}
You need to use MKPolylineRenderer instead of MKPolylineView
- (MKOverlayRenderer *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView rendererForOverlay:(id < MKOverlay >)overlay {
#try {
MKPolylineRenderer *renderer = [[[MKPolylineRenderer alloc] initWithOverlay:overlay];
renderer.lineWidth = 27.0;
renderer.strokeColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:55.0/255.0 green:168.0/255.0 blue:219.0/255.0 alpha:1];
return renderer;
}
#catch (NSException *exception) {
NSLog(#"exception :%#",exception.debugDescription);
}
}
Read this one:
The MKPolylineRenderer class provides the visual representation for an MKPolyline overlay object. This renderer strokes the line only; it does not fill it. You can change the color and other drawing attributes of the polygon by modifying the properties inherited from the parent class. You typically use this class as is and do not subclass it.
From Apple library
The MKPolylineView class provides the visual representation for an MKPolyline annotation object. This view strokes the path represented by the annotation. (This class does not fill the area enclosed by the path.) You can change the color and other drawing attributes of the path by modifying the properties inherited from the MKOverlayPathView class. This class is typically used as is and not subclassed.
From Apple library

Updating and organizing overlays on an MKMapView

I want to do overlays on an MKMapView. So I created my custom object:
#interface Spot : NSObject
#property int spot_id;
#property CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
#property float radius;
#property NSObject<MKOverlay> * overlay;
- (id) initWithSpotId:(int)spot_id position:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate andRadius:(float)radius;
#end
There is a backend, that constantly updates the Spots and delivers them to the phone. So I have to:
Check if the currently rendered spots are still valid and there
If yes, have they moved or changed radius? If so, update them (move? / delete + redraw?!)
Delete if they don't exist anymore.
Is there a better way of keeping track of the overlays? Keeping an NSObject<MKoverlay> * reference attached to each spot and constantly reassigning it feels a bit strange to me.
It seems like there are three questions here:
How to detect changes in spots in your server?
The ugly way to do this would be iterate through your spots and see if the coordinate and/or radius changed. A little better would be to have the server update create, modify, and delete timestamps or some other identifier so the client would have the ability to retrieve all creations, modifications, and/or deletions since the last update. Best would be to marry that with some form of push notification, so the client would also be proactively notified of these changes.
This question is difficult to answer in the abstract. It depends a lot upon the capabilities of your server and the nature of the database (e.g. how many "spots", how frequently do they change, etc.). This impacts both the client-server architecture, but also the client implementation.
How to update the map when a spot changes?
This is a far easier question. Insertions and deletions are easy. You just do addOverlay: (or, in iOS 7, addOverlay:level: and removeOverlay:. For updates, while it's inelegant, I think the easiest way is to just remove the old overlay and add it back in and viewForOverlay will take care of the user interface for you.
What is the right structure of the Spot class?
Just as a thought, but it seems duplicative to have your coordinate and radius properties, and then have a id<MKOverlay> overlay object too (because that's presumably a MKCircle with the same two properties). If your overlays are going to be MKCircle objects, it might be easier to just have a Spot class, itself, to conform to MKOverlay:
#interface Spot : NSObject <MKOverlay>
#property (nonatomic) int spot_id;
#property (nonatomic) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
#property (nonatomic) CLLocationDistance radius;
#property (nonatomic, readonly) MKMapRect boundingMapRect;
- (id) initWithSpotId:(int)spot_id position:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate andRadius:(CLLocationDistance)radius;
#end
Then, all you need to do is to implement boundingMapRect and intersectsMapRect:
- (MKMapRect) boundingMapRect
{
MKMapPoint point = MKMapPointForCoordinate(self.coordinate);
CLLocationDistance distance = self.radius * MKMetersPerMapPointAtLatitude(self.coordinate.latitude);
MKMapRect rect = MKMapRectMake(point.x, point.y, distance * 2.0, distance * 2.0);
rect = MKMapRectOffset(rect, -distance, -distance);
return rect;
}
- (BOOL)intersectsMapRect:(MKMapRect)mapRect
{
return MKMapRectIntersectsRect(mapRect, [self boundingMapRect]);
}
You might want to double-check that boundingMapRect logic, but I think it's right.
Then you can just add and remove Spot objects as overlays themselves. And all you need to do is to implement a viewForOverlay in your MKMapViewDelegate, for example, in iOS versions prior to 7, that would be:
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
if ([overlay isKindOfClass:[Spot class]])
{
Spot *spot = (id)overlay;
MKCircle *circle = [MKCircle circleWithCenterCoordinate:spot.coordinate
radius:spot.radius];
MKCircleView *overlayView = [[MKCircleView alloc] initWithCircle:circle];
overlayView.fillColor = [[UIColor cyanColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.2];
overlayView.strokeColor = [[UIColor blueColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.7];
overlayView.lineWidth = 3.0;
return overlayView;
}
return nil;
}
In iOS 7, that would be:
- (MKOverlayRenderer *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView rendererForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
if ([overlay isKindOfClass:[Spot class]])
{
Spot *spot = (id)overlay;
MKCircle *circle = [MKCircle circleWithCenterCoordinate:spot.coordinate
radius:spot.radius];
MKCircleRenderer *renderer = [[MKCircleRenderer alloc] initWithCircle:circle];
renderer.fillColor = [[UIColor cyanColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.2];
renderer.strokeColor = [[UIColor blueColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.7];
renderer.lineWidth = 3;
return renderer;
}
return nil;
}
Another approach would be to define your Spot as:
#interface Spot : NSObject <MKOverlay>
#property (nonatomic) int spot_id;
#property (nonatomic, strong) MKCircle *overlay;
- (id) initWithSpotId:(int)spot_id position:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate andRadius:(CLLocationDistance)radius;
And you could then just define boundingMapRect and coordinate return the appropriate values from the MKCircle (saving you from having to write your own):
- (MKMapRect)boundingMapRect
{
return [self.circle boundingMapRect];
}
- (CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate
{
return [self.circle coordinate];
}
Clearly the init method would change:
- (id) initWithSpotId:(int)spot_id position:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate andRadius:(CLLocationDistance)radius;
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_spot_id = spot_id;
_circle = [MKCircle circleWithCenterCoordinate:coordinate radius:radius];
}
return self;
}
As would the viewForOverlay (iOS versions prior to 7.0) in the MKMapViewDelegate:
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
if ([overlay isKindOfClass:[SpotCircle class]])
{
SpotCircle *spot = (id)overlay;
MKCircleView *overlayView = [[MKCircleView alloc] initWithCircle:spot.circle];
overlayView.fillColor = [[UIColor cyanColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.2];
overlayView.strokeColor = [[UIColor blueColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.7];
overlayView.lineWidth = 3.0;
return overlayView;
}
return nil;
}
In iOS 7, that would be:
- (MKOverlayRenderer *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView rendererForOverlay:(id<MKOverlay>)overlay
{
if ([overlay isKindOfClass:[SpotCircle class]])
{
SpotCircle *spot = (id)overlay;
MKCircleRenderer *renderer = [[MKCircleRenderer alloc] initWithCircle:spot.circle];
renderer.fillColor = [[UIColor cyanColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.2];
renderer.strokeColor = [[UIColor blueColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.7];
renderer.lineWidth = 3;
return renderer;
}
return nil;
}
I hope that helps.

Cut Out Shape with Animation

I want to do something similar to the following:
How to mask an image in IOS sdk?
I want to cover the entire screen with translucent black. Then, I want to cut a circle out of the translucent black covering so that you can see through clearly. I'm doing this to highlight parts of the screen for a tutorial.
I then want to animate the cut-out circle to other parts of the screen. I also want to be able to stretch the cut-out circle horizontally & vertically, as you would do with a generic button background image.
(UPDATE: Please see also my other answer which describes how to set up multiple independent, overlapping holes.)
Let's use a plain old UIView with a backgroundColor of translucent black, and give its layer a mask that cuts a hole out of the middle. We'll need an instance variable to reference the hole view:
#implementation ViewController {
UIView *holeView;
}
After loading the main view, we want to add the hole view as a subview:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
[self addHoleSubview];
}
Since we want to move the hole around, it will be convenient to make the hole view be very large, so that it covers the rest of the content regardless of where it's positioned. We'll make it 10000x10000. (This doesn't take up any more memory because iOS doesn't automatically allocate a bitmap for the view.)
- (void)addHoleSubview {
holeView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 10000, 10000)];
holeView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.0 alpha:0.5];
holeView.autoresizingMask = 0;
[self.view addSubview:holeView];
[self addMaskToHoleView];
}
Now we need to add the mask that cuts a hole out of the hole view. We'll do this by creating a compound path consisting of a huge rectangle with a smaller circle at its center. We'll fill the path with black, leaving the circle unfilled and therefore transparent. The black part has alpha=1.0 and so it makes the hole view's background color show. The transparent part has alpha=0.0, so that part of the hole view is also transparent.
- (void)addMaskToHoleView {
CGRect bounds = holeView.bounds;
CAShapeLayer *maskLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
maskLayer.frame = bounds;
maskLayer.fillColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
static CGFloat const kRadius = 100;
CGRect const circleRect = CGRectMake(CGRectGetMidX(bounds) - kRadius,
CGRectGetMidY(bounds) - kRadius,
2 * kRadius, 2 * kRadius);
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:circleRect];
[path appendPath:[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:bounds]];
maskLayer.path = path.CGPath;
maskLayer.fillRule = kCAFillRuleEvenOdd;
holeView.layer.mask = maskLayer;
}
Notice that I've put the circle at the center of the 10000x10000 view. This means that we can just set holeView.center to set the center of the circle relative to the other content. So, for example, we can easily animate it up and down over the main view:
- (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
CGRect const bounds = self.view.bounds;
holeView.center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(bounds), 0);
// Defer this because `viewDidLayoutSubviews` can happen inside an
// autorotation animation block, which overrides the duration I set.
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[UIView animateWithDuration:2 delay:0
options:UIViewAnimationOptionRepeat
| UIViewAnimationOptionAutoreverse
animations:^{
holeView.center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(bounds),
CGRectGetMaxY(bounds));
} completion:nil];
});
}
Here's what it looks like:
But it's smoother in real life.
You can find a complete working test project in this github repository.
This is not a simple one. I can get you a good bit of the way there. It's the animating that is tricky. Here's the output of some code I threw together:
The code is like this:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Create a containing layer and set it contents with an image
CALayer *containerLayer = [CALayer layer];
[containerLayer setBounds:CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 500.0f, 320.0f)];
[containerLayer setPosition:[[self view] center]];
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:#"cool"];
[containerLayer setContents:(id)[image CGImage]];
// Create your translucent black layer and set its opacity
CALayer *translucentBlackLayer = [CALayer layer];
[translucentBlackLayer setBounds:[containerLayer bounds]];
[translucentBlackLayer setPosition:
CGPointMake([containerLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f,
[containerLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f)];
[translucentBlackLayer setBackgroundColor:[[UIColor blackColor] CGColor]];
[translucentBlackLayer setOpacity:0.45];
[containerLayer addSublayer:translucentBlackLayer];
// Create a mask layer with a shape layer that has a circle path
CAShapeLayer *maskLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
[maskLayer setBorderColor:[[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor]];
[maskLayer setBorderWidth:5.0f];
[maskLayer setBounds:[containerLayer bounds]];
// When you create a path, remember that origin is in upper left hand
// corner, so you have to treat it as if it has an anchor point of 0.0,
// 0.0
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:
CGRectMake([translucentBlackLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f - 100.0f,
[translucentBlackLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f - 100.0f,
200.0f, 200.0f)];
// Append a rectangular path around the mask layer so that
// we can use the even/odd fill rule to invert the mask
[path appendPath:[UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:[maskLayer bounds]]];
// Set the path's fill color since layer masks depend on alpha
[maskLayer setFillColor:[[UIColor blackColor] CGColor]];
[maskLayer setPath:[path CGPath]];
// Center the mask layer in the translucent black layer
[maskLayer setPosition:
CGPointMake([translucentBlackLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f,
[translucentBlackLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f)];
// Set the fill rule to even odd
[maskLayer setFillRule:kCAFillRuleEvenOdd];
// Set the translucent black layer's mask property
[translucentBlackLayer setMask:maskLayer];
// Add the container layer to the view so we can see it
[[[self view] layer] addSublayer:containerLayer];
}
You would have to animate the mask layer which you could build up based on user input, but it will be a bit challenging. Notice the lines where I append a rectangular path to the circle path and then set the fill rule a few lines later on the shape layer. These are what make the inverted mask possible. If you leave those out you will instead show the translucent black in the center of the circle and then nothing on the outer part (if that makes sense).
Maybe try to play with this code a bit and see if you can get it animating. I'll play with it some more as I have time, but this is a pretty interesting problem. Would love to see a complete solution.
UPDATE: So here's another stab at it. The trouble here is that this one makes the translucent mask look white instead of black, but the upside is that circle can be animated pretty easily.
This one builds up a composite layer with the translucent layer and the circle layer being siblings inside of a parent layer that gets used as the mask.
I added a basic animation to this one so we could see the circle layer animate.
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
CGRect baseRect = CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 500.0f, 320.0f);
CALayer *containerLayer = [CALayer layer];
[containerLayer setBounds:baseRect];
[containerLayer setPosition:[[self view] center]];
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:#"cool"];
[containerLayer setContents:(id)[image CGImage]];
CALayer *compositeMaskLayer = [CALayer layer];
[compositeMaskLayer setBounds:baseRect];
[compositeMaskLayer setPosition:CGPointMake([containerLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f, [containerLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f)];
CALayer *translucentLayer = [CALayer layer];
[translucentLayer setBounds:baseRect];
[translucentLayer setBackgroundColor:[[UIColor blackColor] CGColor]];
[translucentLayer setPosition:CGPointMake([containerLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f, [containerLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f)];
[translucentLayer setOpacity:0.35];
[compositeMaskLayer addSublayer:translucentLayer];
CAShapeLayer *circleLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 200.0f, 200.0f)];
[circleLayer setBounds:CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 200.0f, 200.0f)];
[circleLayer setPosition:CGPointMake([containerLayer bounds].size.width/2.0f, [containerLayer bounds].size.height/2.0f)];
[circleLayer setPath:[circlePath CGPath]];
[circleLayer setFillColor:[[UIColor blackColor] CGColor]];
[compositeMaskLayer addSublayer:circleLayer];
[containerLayer setMask:compositeMaskLayer];
[[[self view] layer] addSublayer:containerLayer];
CABasicAnimation *posAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:#"position"];
[posAnimation setFromValue:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:[circleLayer position]]];
[posAnimation setToValue:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake([circleLayer position].x + 100.0f, [circleLayer position].y + 100)]];
[posAnimation setDuration:1.0f];
[posAnimation setRepeatCount:INFINITY];
[posAnimation setAutoreverses:YES];
[circleLayer addAnimation:posAnimation forKey:#"position"];
}
Here's an answer that works with multiple independent, possibly overlapping spotlights.
I'll set up my view hierarchy like this:
SpotlightsView with black background
UIImageView with `alpha`=.5 (“dim view”)
UIImageView with shape layer mask (“bright view”)
The dim view will appear dimmed because its alpha mixes its image with the black of the top-level view.
The bright view is not dimmed, but it only shows where its mask lets it. So I just set the mask to contain the spotlight areas and nowhere else.
Here's what it looks like:
I'll implement it as a subclass of UIView with this interface:
// SpotlightsView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#interface SpotlightsView : UIView
#property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
- (void)addDraggableSpotlightWithCenter:(CGPoint)center radius:(CGFloat)radius;
#end
I'll need QuartzCore (also called Core Animation) and the Objective-C runtime to implement it:
// SpotlightsView.m
#import "SpotlightsView.h"
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
I'll need instance variables for the subviews, the mask layer, and an array of individual spotlight paths:
#implementation SpotlightsView {
UIImageView *_dimImageView;
UIImageView *_brightImageView;
CAShapeLayer *_mask;
NSMutableArray *_spotlightPaths;
}
To implement the image property, I just pass it through to your image subviews:
#pragma mark - Public API
- (void)setImage:(UIImage *)image {
_dimImageView.image = image;
_brightImageView.image = image;
}
- (UIImage *)image {
return _dimImageView.image;
}
To add a draggable spotlight, I create a path outlining the spotlight, add it to the array, and flag myself as needing layout:
- (void)addDraggableSpotlightWithCenter:(CGPoint)center radius:(CGFloat)radius {
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:CGRectMake(center.x - radius, center.y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius)];
[_spotlightPaths addObject:path];
[self setNeedsLayout];
}
I need to override some methods of UIView to handle initialization and layout. I'll handle being created either programmatically or in a xib or storyboard by delegating the common initialization code to a private method:
#pragma mark - UIView overrides
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
[self commonInit];
}
return self;
}
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
if (self = [super initWithCoder:aDecoder]) {
[self commonInit];
}
return self;
}
I'll handle layout in separate helper methods for each subview:
- (void)layoutSubviews {
[super layoutSubviews];
[self layoutDimImageView];
[self layoutBrightImageView];
}
To drag the spotlights when they are touched, I need to override some UIResponder methods. I want to handle each touch separately, so I just loop over the updated touches, passing each one to a helper method:
#pragma mark - UIResponder overrides
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
for (UITouch *touch in touches){
[self touchBegan:touch];
}
}
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
for (UITouch *touch in touches){
[self touchMoved:touch];
}
}
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
[self touchEnded:touch];
}
}
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
[self touchEnded:touch];
}
}
Now I'll implement the private appearance and layout methods.
#pragma mark - Implementation details - appearance/layout
First I'll do the common initialization code. I want to set my background color to black, since that is part of making the dimmed image view dim, and I want to support multiple touches:
- (void)commonInit {
self.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
self.multipleTouchEnabled = YES;
[self initDimImageView];
[self initBrightImageView];
_spotlightPaths = [NSMutableArray array];
}
My two image subviews will be configured mostly the same way, so I'll call another private method to create the dim image view, then tweak it to actually be dim:
- (void)initDimImageView {
_dimImageView = [self newImageSubview];
_dimImageView.alpha = 0.5;
}
I'll call the same helper method to create the bright view, then add its mask sublayer:
- (void)initBrightImageView {
_brightImageView = [self newImageSubview];
_mask = [CAShapeLayer layer];
_brightImageView.layer.mask = _mask;
}
The helper method that creates both image views sets the content mode and adds the new view as a subview:
- (UIImageView *)newImageSubview {
UIImageView *subview = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
subview.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill;
[self addSubview:subview];
return subview;
}
To lay out the dim image view, I just need to set its frame to my bounds:
- (void)layoutDimImageView {
_dimImageView.frame = self.bounds;
}
To lay out the bright image view, I need to set its frame to my bounds, and I need to update its mask layer's path to be the union of the individual spotlight paths:
- (void)layoutBrightImageView {
_brightImageView.frame = self.bounds;
UIBezierPath *unionPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
for (UIBezierPath *path in _spotlightPaths) {
[unionPath appendPath:path];
}
_mask.path = unionPath.CGPath;
}
Note that this isn't a true union that encloses each point once. It relies on the fill mode (the default, kCAFillRuleNonZero) to ensure that repeatedly-enclosed points are included in the mask.
Next up, touch handling.
#pragma mark - Implementation details - touch handling
When UIKit sends me a new touch, I'll find the individual spotlight path containing the touch, and attach the path to the touch as an associated object. That means I need an associated object key, which just needs to be some private thing I can take the address of:
static char kSpotlightPathAssociatedObjectKey;
Here I actually find the path and attach it to the touch. If the touch is outside any of my spotlight paths, I ignore it:
- (void)touchBegan:(UITouch *)touch {
UIBezierPath *path = [self firstSpotlightPathContainingTouch:touch];
if (path == nil)
return;
objc_setAssociatedObject(touch, &kSpotlightPathAssociatedObjectKey,
path, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
When UIKit tells me a touch has moved, I see if the touch has a path attached. If so, I translate (slide) the path by the amount that the touch has moved since I last saw it. Then I flag myself for layout:
- (void)touchMoved:(UITouch *)touch {
UIBezierPath *path = objc_getAssociatedObject(touch,
&kSpotlightPathAssociatedObjectKey);
if (path == nil)
return;
CGPoint point = [touch locationInView:self];
CGPoint priorPoint = [touch previousLocationInView:self];
[path applyTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(
point.x - priorPoint.x, point.y - priorPoint.y)];
[self setNeedsLayout];
}
I don't actually need to do anything when the touch ends or is cancelled. The Objective-C runtime will de-associated the attached path (if there is one) automatically:
- (void)touchEnded:(UITouch *)touch {
// Nothing to do
}
To find the path that contains a touch, I just loop over the spotlight paths, asking each one if it contains the touch:
- (UIBezierPath *)firstSpotlightPathContainingTouch:(UITouch *)touch {
CGPoint point = [touch locationInView:self];
for (UIBezierPath *path in _spotlightPaths) {
if ([path containsPoint:point])
return path;
}
return nil;
}
#end
I have uploaded a full demo to github.
I've been struggling with this same problem and found some great help here on SO so I thought I'd share my solution combining a few different ideas I found online. One additional feature I added was for the cut-out to have a gradient effect. The added benefit to this solution is that it works with any UIView and not just with images.
First subclass UIView to black out everything except the frames you want cut out:
// BlackOutView.h
#interface BlackOutView : UIView
#property (nonatomic, retain) UIColor *fillColor;
#property (nonatomic, retain) NSArray *framesToCutOut;
#end
// BlackOutView.m
#implementation BlackOutView
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetBlendMode(context, kCGBlendModeDestinationOut);
for (NSValue *value in self.framesToCutOut) {
CGRect pathRect = [value CGRectValue];
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRect:pathRect];
// change to this path for a circular cutout if you don't want a gradient
// UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:pathRect];
[path fill];
}
CGContextSetBlendMode(context, kCGBlendModeNormal);
}
#end
If you don't want the blur effect, then you can swap paths to the oval one and skip the blur mask below. Otherwise, the cutout will be square and filled with a circular gradient.
Create a gradient shape with the center transparent and slowly fading in black:
// BlurFilterMask.h
#interface BlurFilterMask : CAShapeLayer
#property (assign) CGPoint origin;
#property (assign) CGFloat diameter;
#property (assign) CGFloat gradient;
#end
// BlurFilterMask.m
#implementation CRBlurFilterMask
- (void)drawInContext:(CGContextRef)context
{
CGFloat gradientWidth = self.diameter * 0.5f;
CGFloat clearRegionRadius = self.diameter * 0.25f;
CGFloat blurRegionRadius = clearRegionRadius + gradientWidth;
CGColorSpaceRef baseColorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
CGFloat colors[8] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Clear region colour.
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, self.gradient }; // Blur region colour.
CGFloat colorLocations[2] = { 0.0f, 0.4f };
CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColorComponents (baseColorSpace, colors, colorLocations, 2);
CGContextDrawRadialGradient(context, gradient, self.origin, clearRegionRadius, self.origin, blurRegionRadius, kCGGradientDrawsAfterEndLocation);
CGColorSpaceRelease(baseColorSpace);
CGGradientRelease(gradient);
}
#end
Now you just need to call these two together and pass in the UIViews that you want cutout
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
[super viewWillAppear:animated];
[self addMaskInViews:#[self.viewCutout1, self.viewCutout2]];
}
- (void) addMaskInViews:(NSArray *)viewsToCutOut
{
NSMutableArray *frames = [NSMutableArray new];
for (UIView *view in viewsToCutOut) {
view.hidden = YES; // hide the view since we only use their bounds
[frames addObject:[NSValue valueWithCGRect:view.frame]];
}
// Create the overlay passing in the frames we want to cut out
BlackOutView *overlay = [[BlackOutView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.frame];
overlay.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.0 alpha:0.8];
overlay.framesToCutOut = frames;
[self.view insertSubview:overlay atIndex:0];
// add a circular gradients inside each view
for (UIView *maskView in viewsToCutOut)
{
BlurFilterMask *blurFilterMask = [BlurFilterMask layer];
blurFilterMask.frame = maskView.frame;
blurFilterMask.gradient = 0.8f;
blurFilterMask.diameter = MIN(maskView.frame.size.width, maskView.frame.size.height);
blurFilterMask.origin = CGPointMake(maskView.frame.size.width / 2, maskView.frame.size.height / 2);
[self.view.layer addSublayer:blurFilterMask];
[blurFilterMask setNeedsDisplay];
}
}
If you just want something that is plug and play, I added a library to CocoaPods that allows you to create overlays with rectangular/circular holes, allowing the user to interact with views behind the overlay. It is a Swift implementation of similar strategies used in other answers. I used it to create this tutorial for one of our apps:
The library is called TAOverlayView, and is open source under Apache 2.0.
Note: I haven't implemented moving holes yet (unless you move the entire overlay as in other answers).

adding multiple circles around a pin in iOS

How can I add and display multiple circles in different colors inside a map (MKMapView)? I figured out how to add one circle, but can't figure out how to add multiple circles in various sizes and colors ... any help would be appreciated!
Here's some code I use to draw two concentric circles at a given location on the map. The outer one is gray, and the inner one is white. (in my example "range" is the circle radius) Both have some transparency:
- (void)drawRangeRings: (CLLocationCoordinate2D) where {
// first, I clear out any previous overlays:
[mapView removeOverlays: [mapView overlays]];
float range = [self.rangeCalc currentRange] / MILES_PER_METER;
MKCircle* outerCircle = [MKCircle circleWithCenterCoordinate: where radius: range];
outerCircle.title = #"Stretch Range";
MKCircle* innerCircle = [MKCircle circleWithCenterCoordinate: where radius: (range / 1.425f)];
innerCircle.title = #"Safe Range";
[mapView addOverlay: outerCircle];
[mapView addOverlay: innerCircle];
}
Then, make sure your class implements the MKMapViewDelegate protocol, and define how your overlays look in the following method:
- (MKOverlayView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForOverlay:(id <MKOverlay>)overlay {
MKCircle* circle = overlay;
MKCircleView* circleView = [[MKCircleView alloc] initWithCircle: circle];
if ([circle.title compare: #"Safe Range"] == NSOrderedSame) {
circleView.fillColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:1.0 blue:1.0 alpha:0.25];
circleView.strokeColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
} else {
circleView.fillColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.5 green:0.5 blue:0.5 alpha:0.25];
circleView.strokeColor = [UIColor grayColor];
}
circleView.lineWidth = 2.0;
return circleView;
}
And, of course, don't forget to set the delegate on your MKMapView object, or the above method will never get called:
mapView.delegate = self;

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