I have a problem that my app crashes when it is opening a file from iCloud. If I open this file from my app with a Document Picker, everything is fine. But if I try to open from outside my app, for example from iCloud or safari download it crashes. If I open it from local storage "my iphone" it is also working. It is interesting because it was good one week ago :)
So in AppDelegate, I've implemented the following method:
func application(_ app: UIApplication, open url: URL, options: [UIApplication.OpenURLOptionsKey : Any] = [:]) -> Bool {}
According to the logs the crash occurs because the file does not exist.
file:///private/var/mobile/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Desktop/twic1121.pgn
This is the result if I print the URL from the parameter. I think this means that the file is there.
But if i do this: print(fm.fileExists(atPath: url.path)) then this is false.
So it is obvious that after let dataFromFile = fm.contents(atPath: url.path)
this is nil.
I have no idea what could be the problem here. So the real question here is why this is nil?
It appears that the error can be many things, all not related to the class you are applying the code (AppDelegate) nor the methods you are calling.
My guess is that the URL you are calling is not correctly built (not pointing to the correct object you are trying to point to). For many reasons.
See if one of this reasons fix your issue:
(1) The end of the URL you are calling had the suffix "pgn". If you are looking to load a picture, maybe the suffix is wrong. In that case it could have been some known and supported format like "png", "jpeg" or "jpg".
(2) The "%20"symbol at the middle of your code also lifts a flag. Does not seem to be a correct URL object of swift. Maybe the URL you are using is not represented in the correct way.
(3) com~apple~CloudDocs also lifts a flag, since it would unlikely have a "~" symbol in a URL passed. This also strongly suggests that maybe the URL you are using is not represented in the correct way.
I think your URL is not pointing to where you are trying to point to, resulting in the "does exist" method return false and the loading resulting in nil.
If all of this does not fix your issue, post more details of the code. Specially what method you are calling to build/create this URL object you are using, that points to: file:///private/var/mobile/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Desktop/twic1121.pgn
Apple's recommendation:
In apps that run in iOS 8 and later, use the WKWebView class instead of using UIWebView.
Thus, I have replaced my good old UIWebView with a shiny new WKWebView. But what I thought to be an easy exercise (simply swapping the classes and replacing the delegate methods) turned out to be a real mess.
The Problem
When I load an HTML string using
loadHTMLString(String, baseURL: URL?)
the web view loads and renders the pure HTML but it doesn't load any images or CSS files referenced inside the htmlString.
This happens only on a real device!
In Simultor all referenced resources are loaded correctly.
Example
I have defined a simple htmlString in my view controller class:
let imageName = "image.png"
let libraryURL: URL // The default Library URL
var htmlString: String {
return "<html> ... <img src=\"\(imageName)\" /> ... </html>"
// "..." represents more valid HTML code incl. header and body tags
}
The image is stored in the root Library folder so its URL is:
let imageURL = libraryURL.appendingPathComponent(imageName)
Now I load the htmlString into the web view:
webView.loadHTMLString(htmlString, baseURL: libraryURL)
and it doesn't load the image even though the baseURL is set correctly.
Ideas for a Solution
Maybe WKWebView has a problem with resolving relative paths so my first idea was to use absolute paths inside the HTML string instead.
→ ❌ Doesn't work.
Two answers to another SO post suggested that using
loadFileURL(URL, allowingReadAccessTo: URL)
instead of loadHTMLString(...) works in iOS 9+.
→ ✅ That works.
However, I cannot use solution 2 because my HTML files are encrypted and the decrypted files must not be stored on the disk.
Question
Is there any way to load local resources like images and styles using the WKWebView's
loadHTMLString(String, baseURL: URL?)
function? Or is still a bug in iOS 9+?
(I just cannot believe that Apple provides and recommends using a web view that cannot load any local web content from inside an HTML string?!)
Without taking a look at your actual project it's difficult to give some hundreed percent sure advices.
However:
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var webView = WKWebView()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
webView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
let views = [
"webView" : webView
]
view.addSubview(webView)
var constraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:|[webView]|", options: [.AlignAllLeading, .AlignAllTrailing], metrics: nil, views: views)
constraints.appendContentsOf(NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|[webView]|", options: [.AlignAllTop, .AlignAllBottom], metrics: nil, views: views))
NSLayoutConstraint.activateConstraints(constraints)
let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("ios - WKWebView fails to load images and CSS using loadHTMLString(_, baseURL_) - Stack Overflow", ofType: "htm")
let url = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: path!)
webView.loadHTMLString(try! String(contentsOfURL: url), baseURL: url.URLByDeletingLastPathComponent)
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
}
I think the key point here is baseUrl parameter, you should setup it correctly. In my case i've used html's url without last path component - e.g. containing folder. This works fine on both device & simulator - check device snapshot. I've uploaded sample project to https://github.com/soxjke/WKWebViewTest so you can take a look (i've removed codesigning info from git)
So, to recap - method is working, functionality is working, just you do something wrong with it. To help you get what's wrong with your solutions, i'll add some suggestions:
1. Remember, that simulator filesystem is case-insensitive, device filesystem is case-sensitive. So if you have your filenames in html in lowercase - this won't work on device. 8fFsD.png != 8ffsd.png
2. Remember, that when copying resources, XCode ignores your folder structure. So if your html has <img src="./img/1.png"> and your XCOde project has folder structure like
test.htm
img/
1.png
2.png
After build it will be flattened, so test.htm and 1.png and 2.png will reside on same level
test.htm
1.png
2.png
I'm almost sure, after you verify these two assumptions, you'll get this method working.
I had this problem today, I've found the solution and potentially the cause:
loadHTMLString(String, baseURL: URL?)
This function doesn't allow the rendered HTML to access local media, as far as I'm aware, this is because it would be an injection risk, this could allow rendered HTML to access and manipulate your local file system. With a html string, that could come from anywhere or anyone.
loadFileURL(URL, allowingReadAccessTo: URL)
With this function, you point the WKWebview to the html file in your FileManager, and to the containing folder with 'allowingReadAccessTo'. Because the html is stored within the FileManager, it will allow the rendered HTML to access locally stored media.
If you don't have the html file stored locally for some reason(I assume you do), You could write the html sting into a .html file, then point to the URL of that file. However, this is just subverting Apple's protection, so do it at your own peril (don't do it).
This is just the solution that worked for me and my understanding of why we're having the problem to begin with.
Edit #1: Typo.
Edit #2: I've since found another nuance, When stating the 'allowingReadAccessTo:' URL, if the HTML itself needs to access things in parent folders (ie: .css, .js files), you need to specify the parent folder, not necessarily the location of the HTML itself, this will then implicitly allow access to the child folders as required also. For me, this problem was only apparent on a physical device, this didn't seem to have an effect whilst running in simulator, likely another discrepancy between how permissions work on simulator and a physical device.
Personally, I had to switch to using XWebView as the out-of-the-box behavior of WKWebView does not allow loading of local files. XWebView tricks it by loading up a local web server in the background and directing local traffic thru it. (XWebView is based on top of WKWebView)
Seems a bit overkill, but that is what I ended up having to do.
I've been experimenting with this as well, with similar restrictions, and the problem appears to be that paths aren't resolved unless baseURL references the application bundle. It doesn't work if you, for example, have something in the application's documents.
Edit: I have filed a radar for this rdar://29130863
Well you should be able to use local images and CSS files (and JavaScript files for that matter) with WKWebViews with the function that you have already found. My guess is that the problem is with your baseURL variable.
Update 7.5.2017:
I have completely updated the code from another SO answer of mine that used to be linked to my answer here. I have a working project for loadHTMLString() and .loadFileURL()
Try to create baseURL using:
let baseURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "#path#")
instead of:
let baseURL = URL(string: "#path#")
The main difference is that the first method adds file:// prefix before the path.
You can base64 encode the images... I know that works. Not sure if it will be appropriate for your use case though.
Kind of funny, I just ran into this problem while doing the opposite - moving from base64 encoded to image files.
When I used UIWebview, I used baseURL as,
let baseUrl = NSURL(string: Bundle.main.path(forResource: "cms", ofType: "html")!)! as URL
webView.loadHTMLString(bodyPage, baseURL: baseUrl)
But for the WKWebView, I used baseURL as
let baseUrl = Bundle.main.bundleURL
webView.loadHTMLString(bodyPage, baseURL: baseUrl)
This works for me.
I know this is quite old already, but I ran into the exact same problem and it took me hours of trials and even to find this thread with the same problem (Xamarin Forms App)
My issue was: parsing remote HTML content into a string and also adding locally saved images (also downloaded dynamically, no resource of the app). On the simulator all works well, but on acutal device the local images are not showing (also no ? or anything indicating an error, just a blank frame). The Xamarin webview also offers the "BaseURL" option which didn't help, also not to use the BaseURL on the custom iOS wkWebView.
The only working solution as pointed out by Scott above, is to write the HTML into a file and then use the "LoadFileUrl" function and allow read access to the base directory. This also works with absolute file paths for images in the HTML (not only relative to the basedir, but of course somewhere within the basedir).
My custom webview renderer to load web and local content looks like this now:
protected override void OnElementPropertyChanged(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e) {
base.OnElementPropertyChanged(sender, e);
NSUrl baseURL = new NSUrl(App.dirNews, true);
string viewFile = Path.Combine(App.dirNews, "view.html");
NSUrl fileURL = new NSUrl(viewFile, false);
switch (e.PropertyName) {
case "Url":
System.Console.WriteLine("--- Loading Web page ---");
System.Console.WriteLine("--- " + Element.Url + " ---");
NSUrlRequest myRequest = new NSUrlRequest(new NSUrl(Element.Url), NSUrlRequestCachePolicy.ReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData, 120);
Control.LoadRequest(myRequest);
break;
case "HTML":
System.Console.WriteLine("--- Showing HTTP content ---");
File.WriteAllText(viewFile, Element.HTML, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
Control.LoadFileUrl(fileURL, baseURL);
break;
}
}
I was able to reproduce a similar issue. WKWebView loads my images specially if they are located remotely, apart from my app server.
For servers that are not SSL-secured (http instead of https), you can set your info.plist as per below:
App Transport Security Settings
- Allow Arbitrary Loads in Web Content (Set to YES)
- Allow Arbitrary Loads (Set to YES)
The problem was actually in the server. The server application was either:
Changing the image src from "http://IP-or-domain/uploads/file.jpg" to "../../uploads/file.jpg"
- OR -
The image src was "http://localhost/uploads/file.jpg" or "http://127.0.0.1/uploads/file.jpg" instead of "http://YOUR-SERVER-IP-ADDRESS/uploads/file.jpg"
In these cases, the actual device wont be able to locate the image. This only works with iOS Simulator because the virtual device is the same as the server and development machine. It can read LOCALHOST and 127.0.0.1.
In my server, I was using a Rich Text Editor (TinyMCE) and it automatically removes the IP address after it detects that it's the same source.
WKWebView can load image or css file from NSTemporaryDirectory, so you can copy your files to NSTemporaryDirectory, and then load it. It works for me on iOS 14! see this issue. ios-wkwebview-loadhtmlstring-baseurl-fails-to-load-images-and-read-css
It took me a while to figure this out, but based on this answer I got it working:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/73519282/5868066
Try this:
let htmlPath = URL(fileURLWithPath: "")
let htmlDirectory = htmlPath.deletingLastPathComponent()
let htmlString = try! String(contentsOfFile: htmlPath.path, encoding: .utf8)
let baseURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: htmlDirectory)
let documentsDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[.zero]
webView.loadFileURL(htmlPath, allowingReadAccessTo: documentsDirectory)
webView.loadHTMLString(htmlString, baseURL: baseURL)
I am trying to open a pdf from my Swift application but I cannot make it to work.
I know that there are a lot of questions related with this and in most of them they use this code:
UIApplication.shared.openURL(URL(string: "http://www.url.com" + id)!)
But I am getting the following error:
fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value
so I thought that the error was because the id was nil so I made two prints to see what was retrieved: one for url and one for id. Both of them are correct and if I copy the url on the browser navigation bar it works perfectly (I cannot provide the real url because it is of a client).
I have this function wrapped inside an #IBAction to detect when a button is clicked so I looked if the connection had been broken. It is also correct.
So I cannot understand why this error is happening. I spent some hours but cannot figure out what is causing this error.
Am I missing something? Should I codify the url in some way?
P.S: I am using Xcode8 and Swift3.
UPDATE: If I set www.google.es it is working perfectly. Can it be a problem using variables inside of the url?
Thanks in advance!
Finally, after some hours searching about the problem and following the recommendation of #rmaddy (Thanks!) I have split my function in three parts and I could see that the URL was returning nil value.
It was strange because I could copy the string into my browser navigation bar and it worked well so I thought that it could be something about encoding. One time I have encoded it I noticed that the id of the pdf was retrieved with a \r at the final of the id. Like this:
id004.pdf\r
The solution that I have done is the following:
var string = "http://www.url.com" + id
var index1 = string.index(string.endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
var substring1 = string.substring(to: index1)
let encodedString = substring1.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryAllowed)
UIApplication.shared.openURL(NSURL(string: encodedString!) as! URL)
Encoded string is necessary because if not the link no longer work.
I have an app that generates a small amount of information in a WatchKit app. I then want to hand the user off to Safari on another device to pursue more information at a website, with specific information in a url query string. I've written this:
var QueryVar = SomeArray.description
var website = NSURL(string: "http://www.example.com/index.html?query="+QueryVar)
updateUserActivity("com.example.myapp.anactivity", userInfo: nil, webpageURL: website)
When I println(website) it comes up nil, and the console warns that both userInfo and webpageURL cannot be nil. I've tried a number of different ways of formatting that URL as a string, nothing seems to work.
The Swift documentation is good but lacks examples.
Most of the examples out there don't bother with the webpageURL element.
What's worse is even if I get this to not generate an error message, I won't be sure that it works because webpageURL isn't supported in the IOS simulator. Does anyone have some working code, ideally tested on an actual watch, they can share?
Thanks to Schemetrical who pointed out my error in thinking that
QueryVar.description
would yield only the elements of an array stringified. As that variable contained brackets and commas it was illegal content for an NSURL type. I cleaned up the code and got to a working solution:
var URLwithQuery = "http://www.example.com?query="+QueryVar
var urlPath: String = URLwithQuery
var website: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
updateUserActivity("com.example.myapp.anactivity", userInfo: nil, webpageURL: website)
I am having some issues when trying to run my app on an iPad (or any device) it runs as expected on the emulator so it is weird that it doesn't work on a device. I was wondering if some one could point me in the correct direction. I spend many hours reading all the other posts on here about the same issues, however none of the suggested solutions worked.
I have a WKWebView into which I am loading a local html file. On the emulator the file loads and everything works fine but on a device I am getting a message in the log:
Could not create a sandbox extension for '/'
Here is the code I have that loads the file into the
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
var path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Login_UK",
ofType: "html")
var url = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: path!)
var request = NSURLRequest(URL: url!)
var theConfiguration = WKWebViewConfiguration()
theConfiguration.userContentController.addScriptMessageHandler(self,
name: "callbackHandler")
webView = WKWebView(frame: self.view.frame,
configuration: theConfiguration)
webView!.loadRequest(request)
self.view.addSubview(webView!)
}
Any help will be greatly appreciated
Kind Regards,
Dimitar
Thank you for any one who tried to answer my question. I have released that this is an error with the WebKit lib that Apple are trying to fix. However I have found a good workaround that required little work.
I open the local file and read its content and then send that string into a webView.loadHTMLString method that compiles the hmtl that was in the file. That way you avoid the issues with iOS not being able to find the path to the local file.
Here is an example of reading a file and then opening it for any one who has the same issues:
let path2 = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("index", ofType: "html")
var text = String(contentsOfFile: path2!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding, error: nil)!
webView!.loadHTMLString(text, baseURL: url)
Kind regards,
Dimitar
Just do this:
if url.isFileURL {
webView.loadFileURL(url, allowingReadAccessTo: url)
} else {
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
webView.load(request)
}
There is a function loadFileURL on the WKWebView starting iOS 9 that apparently has to be used when reading data from a file URL.
Strange enough using the load function with an URLRequest for the file URL does work in the simulators, but not on device - the web view stays blank on the device. Using the loadFileURL works on device and the simulator.
Using loadHTMLString unfortunately introduces another problem (local anchors that jump to another position in the same web view are not working anymore) and probably should be avoided until Apple releases a fix for that issue.
Actually the problem is caused by the webView.load() function, if we test it on simulators it will work perfectly, but for the real device it may cause some problems and it will not load the webview perfectly. You may check it by calling the didFinish() function.
What you need to do is call webView.loadFileURL() rather than webView.load(). It will work in both simulators and real devices. This is very useful when you load any file from the local file directory.