I have added a UIButton, and a UILabel to a UIScrollView. I added two constraints to the button using Auto Layout, and none to the label. I can see label moving on the screen, however I do not see the button moving. I figure this has something to do with the Auto Layout constraints I added to the button. I would like to see to the button scroll the same way I see the label scrolling around on the window / screen.
Below is how I set everything up:
_welcomeScroller = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.bounds.size.width, self.view.bounds.size.height)];
_welcomeScroller.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
_welcomeScroller.scrollEnabled = YES;
_welcomeScroller.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = YES;
_welcomeScroller.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = YES;
#ifdef DEBUG
[_welcomeScroller setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
#endif
[self.view addSubview:_welcomeScroller];
CGSize welcomeScrollerSize = CGSizeMake(2000, 2000);
[_welcomeScroller setContentSize:welcomeScrollerSize];
// add test label
_test = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(200, 200, 200, 200)];
[_test setText:#"TEST"];
[_test setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:44]];
[_test setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[_welcomeScroller addSubview:_test];
// add about btn to lower right
_welcomeAbout = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeInfoDark];
[_welcomeAbout addTarget:self action:#selector(showAboutScreen:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[_welcomeAbout setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
[_welcomeScroller addSubview:_welcomeAbout];
NSLayoutConstraint *pullToBottom = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:_welcomeAbout attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_welcomeScroller.superview attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom multiplier:1.0 constant:-10.0];
NSLayoutConstraint *pullToRight = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:_welcomeAbout attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_welcomeScroller.superview attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight multiplier:1.0 constant:-10];
[_welcomeScroller.superview addConstraints:#[pullToBottom, pullToRight]];
From Apple's technical note:
In general, Auto Layout considers the top, left, bottom, and right
edges of a view to be the visible edges. That is, if you pin a view to
the left edge of its superview, you’re really pinning it to the
minimum x-value of the superview’s bounds. Changing the bounds origin
of the superview does not change the position of the view.
The UIScrollView class scrolls its content by changing the origin of
its bounds. To make this work with Auto Layout, the top, left, bottom,
and right edges within a scroll view now mean the edges of its content
view.
The button isn't scrolling because constraints are set relative to the visible left edge of the scrollview.
Apple's solution suggests:
Create a plain UIView content view for your scroll view that will be
the size you want your content to have. Make it a subview of the
scroll view but let it continue to translate the autoresizing mask
into constraints.
Inside this content view, you can use constraints as you would normally.
Related
I am having a strange problem with UIBarButtonItem. I am creating one with a custom view, and the view is of my own MyCustomView type. It contains couple of labels and some other subviews. Whenever I use autolayout in this custom view class to lay out the subviews - the button is displayed on top-left corner of the screen! You can see it in the picture below - MyCustomView just has one subview with gray background and I use autolayout to stretch it to fill the parent MyCustomView:
When I don't use autolayout everything is fine and the button is displayed normally:
Can anyone explain me what is going on here and am I allowed to use autolayout in custom views which are going to be put in UIBarButtonItems (maybe not on the topmost level) ?
UPDATE: this happens after I do
self.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
in MyCustomView - in the top view which should be placed in bar button. I am doing it to make the system call my intrinsicContentSize method. I guess using the old sizeThatFits: instead would still be ok.
UPDATE 2: Here is the test code:
UIControl *cus = [[UIControl alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 22, 22)];
// uncomment the following line to mess everything
//cus.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
cus.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
UILabel *label = [UILabel new];
label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
label.text = #"Q";
[label sizeToFit];
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18];
[cus addSubview:label];
NSLayoutConstraint *centerX1 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cus
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:label
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
multiplier:1
constant:0];
NSLayoutConstraint *centerY1 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cus
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:label
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
multiplier:1
constant:0];
[cus addConstraints:#[centerX1, centerY1]];
UIBarButtonItem *barButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:cus];
controller.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = barButton;
I would be happy to get explanations to understand what is going on.
Simple deal: I'd like to make a UIView's width half of its superview's width. Here's my code:
//Display a red rectangle:
UIView *redBox = [[UIView alloc] init];
[redBox setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[redBox setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
[self.view addSubview:redBox];
//Make its height equal to its superview's,
//minus standard spacing on top and bottom:
NSArray *constraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"V:|-[redBox]-|" options:0 metrics:nil views:#{#"redBox": redBox}];
[self.view addConstraints:constraints];
//Make its width half of its superviews's width (the problem):
NSLayoutConstraint *constraint = [NSLayoutConstraint
constraintWithItem:redBox
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:self.view
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
multiplier:0.5
constant:0.0
];
[self.view addConstraint:constraint];
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blueColor]];
This is what I get:
If I set multiplier to 1.0, then the view's width is half of its superview. But why is that?
The problem is probably that your red box view is under-constrained. You've given it a width, but nothing to tell it where it should position itself horizontally. Since it should be half the width of the superview, it could choose to position itself on the left half of the superview. Or the right half. Or the middle. You didn't specify, so the framework just gets to pick something.
In this case, it looks like it's choosing to align the center of the red box with the left edge of the superview. This seems like an odd choice, but again, you didn't specify anything. It can pick whatever it wants.
Add another constraint that will position the view horizontally. That should fix the problem.
I'm trying to figure out how to resize UITextView (and everything actually) without losing constraints. Basically, I'm trying to layout a page where most components can have variable sizes (like description). I tried doing it with a simple use case where I have a UITextView and a UIButton underneath. I want to make sure that the position of the button is relative to the bottom of the UITextView.
- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
[super viewDidAppear:animated];
CGRect frame = self.textView.frame;
int height = self.textView.contentSize.height;
frame.size.height = height;
self.textView.frame = frame;
}
What I ended up with is UITextView overlapping with UIButton. After doing a bit of research, it seems that if I replace the frame, all constraints are gone also. I tried copying the constraints over, but of course the pointer is still pointing at the old frame so that didn't help at all.
Is there a good way to solve a very dynamically laid out page? I'm trying to at least use interface builder rather than code everything.
EDITED
I tried updating the constraint as suggested, but that didn't actually resize the UITextView. Did I do it incorrectly? When I get the constant again, it's updated, but the height isn't changed visually. I did simplify my code by adding an IBOutlet for the constraint. Still no luck however.
int height = self.textView.contentSize.height;
self.textViewHeightConstraint.constant = height;
EDITED 2
I figured it out now. I had an extra constraint for the bottom and that was stopping me from actually resizing the UITextView.
The issue is how you've defined your button's top constraint. If it's to the label, when you adjust the label's height constraint, the button will move. For example, if doing it programmatically:
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
[self.view addSubview:label];
label.text = #"Hello world";
UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
[button setTitle:#"Submit" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
[self.view addSubview:button];
NSDictionary *views = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(label, button);
[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"H:|-[label]" options:0 metrics:nil views:views]];
[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"H:|-[button]" options:0 metrics:nil views:views]];
[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"V:|-[label]-[button]" options:0 metrics:nil views:views]];
NSLayoutConstraint *heightConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:label attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20];
[label addConstraint:heightConstraint];
Then, if you change the label's height constraint, the button will move:
heightConstraint.constant = 100;
[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{
[self.view layoutIfNeeded];
}];
If you've defined your UI in Interface Builder, select the button and check the top constraint of the button and make sure it's to the label, not the superview:
But, again, if the button's top constraint is to the label, when the label's height constraint changes, the button will move.
I am adding a UIView to a UIScrollView and constraining it such that it fills the horizontal space, except for some margins. My visual constraint looks like this:
#"|-16-[theLineView]-16-|"
I have made the view one pixel high so it will appear as a line, and placed it between two text labels:
#"V:[someOtherStuff]-[aTextLabel]-[theLineView]-[anotherLabel]"
However, I am finding that the width of the line is only expanding as far as the width of the longest label above/below it.
Why would this be?
P.S I have read this http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#technotes/tn2154/_index.html
Code
Here is the entirety of the view controller code from a test project that exhibits this issue on the iPad sim.
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] init];
self.scrollView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
self.scrollView.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
[self.view addSubview:self.scrollView];
[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"|[scrollView]|"
options:0
metrics:0
views:#{#"scrollView":self.scrollView}]];
[self.view addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"V:|[scrollView]|"
options:0
metrics:0
views:#{#"scrollView":self.scrollView}]];
self.line1 = [[UIView alloc] init];
self.line2 = [[UIView alloc] init];
self.label1 = [[UILabel alloc] init];
self.label2 = [[UILabel alloc] init];
self.label3 = [[UILabel alloc] init];
for (UILabel *label in #[self.label1, self.label2, self.label3])
{
label.text = #"I am a label and I am long enough that I can be multiline on an iphone but single on ipad";
}
for (UIView *view in #[self.line1, self.line2, self.label1, self.label2, self.label3])
{
view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
[self.scrollView addSubview:view];
}
//horizontal layout - all views/labels should fill the horizontal space expect for margin
for (UIView *view in #[self.line1, self.line2, self.label1, self.label2, self.label3])
{
NSArray *constraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"|-16-[view]-16-|"
options:0
metrics:0
views:#{#"view":view}];
[self.scrollView addConstraints:constraints];
}
//vertical layout - stack em up
[self.scrollView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"V:|-[lab1]-[line1(==1)]-[lab2]-[line2(==1)]-[lab3]-|"
options:0
metrics:0
views:#{#"lab1":self.label1, #"line1":self.line1, #"lab2":self.label2, #"line2":self.line2, #"lab3":self.label3}]];
}
UIScrollView automatically shrinks to fit the views inside it. You need to set the width absolutely somewhere.
Recommended tactic:
Completely fixiate the scrollview inside its parent-view using constraints (leading, trailing, top, bottom).
Create a UIView inside the UIScrollView and put everything you need inside it.
Set the constraints so that the UIView will act as a content-view (this means it is big enough to include all elements). Use intrinsic content-size, shrink-resistance and chaining of elements with constraints a lot. The resulting layout must be well-defined and unique (this means if you were to remove all constraints to the outside, the layout would still work).
Connect the bounds of the UIView with their superview (which is the actual content-view of the UIScrollView, NOT the UIScrollView!).
If you do this in interface-builder (it is possible), you need to re-check your constraints every time you touch something in that scene. And by touch I mean "select" not only "modify".
Found a working solution that should work for your use case, too. See here.
Expanding on number 4 of Patric Schenke's answer; because the content size of scrollView is fluid, pinning an internal view to its edges just doesn't work for determining the width of the view. Your left side pin will work, but both won't. Calculating the width of your view based on the next level container up is the way to go. As long as your self.scrollView is pinned flush to its container(which I call containerView), this line of code will accomplish what you want. Add this line to your for loop for horizontal constraints:
// Pin view's width to match the scrollView container's width
// -32 constant offset for margins
[containerView addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:containerView
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth
multiplier:1.0f
constant:-32]];
I found a simple constraint-based way to accomplish this (I haven't tested the extent of the brittleness of this solution):
...#"H:|-16-[view]-16-|"... // (your original constraint)
[self.scrollView addConstraint:
[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:self.scrollView
attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX
multiplier:1.0f
constant:0.0f]];
This stretches view all the way out to the other side of the view. This is probably not ideal for content that scrolls horizontally, but should work vertically.
I realize this is over a year later, but it's simpler for the single dimensional scrolling use case than patric.schenke's answers (which are good and more robust).
I would like to evenly space four buttons across a view. In the storyboard I have positioned the buttons in a portrait view so the spacing is correct. But I did not find the correct constraint settings to make the buttons space themselves evenly for any view width (for portrait iPad or landscape orientations). So, I added the following code snippet that moves the buttons to desired locations using the 1st and 4th buttons as the anchors:
// evenly space the buttons
CGPoint leftPoint = self.button1.center;
CGPoint rightPoint = self.button4.center;
CGFloat width = rightPoint.x - leftPoint.x;
leftPoint.x += width / 3;
rightPoint.x -= width / 3;
self.button2.center = leftPoint;
self.button3.center = rightPoint;
The positioning code is working fine, but my difficulty is finding the best place to make the adjustments. - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
seems to be the best spot. However, if I seque to a different view, when I return to this view the buttons will have reverted to their initial (storybaord constraint) specified positions. The viewDidAppear code will get called again but it does not succeed at moving the buttons. It is as if their positions are locked at that point in time.
I guess my primary question is if there is a way to use constraints to achieve the even spacing I am after. Or secondary question is how to override the auto positioning of those two buttons.
This is a relatively hard thing to do using layout constraints, and it depends on exactly what you want. I have an example here that creates 4 buttons (in code) along with 5 labels that are used as spacers between the buttons. The buttons' sizes are determined by their intrinsic content size, and the spacing among the buttons and between the buttons and the sides of the containing view are all the same.
-(void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSMutableDictionary *viewsDict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSArray *titles = #[#"Short",#"Longer",#"Short",#"The Longest"];
for (int i=1; i<5; i++) {
UIButton *b = [UIButton buttonWithType:1];
[b setTitle:titles[i-1] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[b setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
[viewsDict setObject:b forKey:[NSString stringWithFormat:#"b%d",i]];
}
for (int i=1; i<6; i++) {
UILabel *l = [[UILabel alloc ]init];
[l setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
[viewsDict setObject:l forKey:[NSString stringWithFormat:#"l%d",i]];
}
for (id obj in viewsDict.allKeys)
[self.view addSubview:viewsDict[obj]];
NSArray *constraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"|[l1][b1][l2(==l1)][b2][l3(==l1)][b3][l4(==l1)][b4][l5(==l1)]|"
options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllBaseline
metrics:nil
views:viewsDict];
NSArray *constraints2 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:#"V:[b1]-|"
options:0
metrics:nil
views:viewsDict];
[self.view addConstraints:constraints];
[self.view addConstraints:constraints2];
}
The spacing of the buttons will automatically adjust when the view size changes, as on a rotation.
The solution I was led to is to programmatically add constraints to the two middle buttons (button2 & button3) that position them horizontally relative to the middle of the view. These two constraints allowed me to completely remove the manual positioning code. The answer to Evenly space multiple views within a container view helped get me on the right track.
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
...
self.button2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
self.button3.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.button2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeading relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:0.667 constant:0]];
[self.view addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.button3 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTrailing relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:1.333 constant:0]];
For almost any case of layout problem use layoutSubviews method, it's the place to do it.