In the olden times, i had a function that would convert a WideString to an AnsiString of the specified code-page:
function WideStringToString(const Source: WideString; CodePage: UINT): AnsiString;
...
begin
...
// Convert source UTF-16 string (WideString) to the destination using the code-page
strLen := WideCharToMultiByte(CodePage, 0,
PWideChar(Source), Length(Source), //Source
PAnsiChar(cpStr), strLen, //Destination
nil, nil);
...
end;
And everything worked. I passed the function a unicode string (i.e. UTF-16 encoded data) and converted it to an AnsiString, with the understanding that the bytes in the AnsiString represented characters from the specified code-page.
For example:
TUnicodeHelper.WideStringToString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', 1252);
would return the Windows-1252 encoded string:
The qùíçk brown fôx jumped ovêr the lázÿ dog
Note: Information was of course lost during the conversion from the full Unicode character set to the limited confines of the Windows-1252 code page:
Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ (before)
The qùíçk brown fôx jumped ovêr the lázÿ dog (after)
But the Windows WideChartoMultiByte does a pretty good job of best-fit mapping; as it is designed to do.
Now the after times
Now we are in the after times. WideString is now a pariah, with UnicodeString being the goodness. It's an inconsequential change; as the Windows function only needed a pointer to a series of WideChar anyway (which a UnicodeString also is). So we change the declaration to use UnicodeString instead:
funtion WideStringToString(const Source: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): AnsiString;
begin
...
end;
Now we come to the return value. i have an AnsiString that contains the bytes:
54 68 65 20 71 F9 ED E7 The qùíç
6B 20 62 72 6F 77 6E 20 k brown
66 F4 78 20 6A 75 6D 70 fôx jump
65 64 20 6F 76 EA 72 20 ed ovêr
74 68 65 20 6C E1 7A FF the lázÿ
20 64 6F 67 dog
In the olden times that was fine. I kept track of what code-page the AnsiString actually contained; i had to remember that the returned AnsiString was not encoded using the computer's locale (e.g. Windows 1258), but instead is encoded using another code-page (the CodePage code page).
But in Delphi XE6 an AnsiString also secretly contains the codepage:
codePage: 1258
length: 44
value: The qùíçk brown fôx jumped ovêr the lázÿ dog
This code-page is wrong. Delphi is specifying the code-page of my computer, rather than the code-page that the string is. Technically this is not a problem, i always understood that the AnsiString was in a particular code-page, i just had to be sure to pass that information along.
So when i wanted to decode the string, i had to pass along the code-page with it:
s := TUnicodeHeper.StringToWideString(s, 1252);
with
function StringToWideString(s: AnsiString; CodePage: UINT): UnicodeString;
begin
...
MultiByteToWideChar(...);
...
end;
Then one person screws everything up
The problem was that in the olden times i declared a type called Utf8String:
type
Utf8String = type AnsiString;
Because it was common enough to have:
function TUnicodeHelper.WideStringToUtf8(const s: UnicodeString): Utf8String;
begin
Result := WideStringToString(s, CP_UTF8);
end;
and the reverse:
function TUnicodeHelper.Utf8ToWideString(const s: Utf8String): UnicodeString;
begin
Result := StringToWideString(s, CP_UTF8);
end;
Now in XE6 i have a function that takes a Utf8String. If some existing code somewhere were take a UTF-8 encoded AnsiString, and try to convert it to UnicodeString using Utf8ToWideString it would fail:
s: AnsiString;
s := UnicodeStringToString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', CP_UTF8);
...
ws: UnicodeString;
ws := Utf8ToWideString(s); //Delphi will treat s an CP1252, and convert it to UTF8
Or worse, is the breadth of existing code that does:
s: Utf8String;
s := UnicodeStringToString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', CP_UTF8);
The returned string will become totally mangled:
the function returns AnsiString(1252) (AnsiString tagged as encoded using the current codepage)
the return result is being stored in an AnsiString(65001) string (Utf8String)
Delphi converts the UTF-8 encoded string into UTF-8 as though it was 1252.
How to move forward
Ideally my UnicodeStringToString(string, codePage) function (which returns an AnsiString) could set the CodePage inside the string to match the actual code-page using something like SetCodePage:
function UnicodeStringToString(s: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): AnsiString;
begin
...
WideCharToMultiByte(...);
...
//Adjust the codepage contained in the AnsiString to match reality
//SetCodePage(Result, CodePage, False); SetCodePage only works on RawByteString
if Length(Result) > 0 then
PStrRec(PByte(Result) - SizeOf(StrRec)).codePage := CodePage;
end;
Except that manually mucking around with the internal structure of an AnsiString is horribly dangerous.
So what about returning RawByteString?
It has been said, over an over, by a lot of people who aren't me that RawByteString is meant to be the universal recipient; it wasn't meant to be as a return parameter:
function UnicodeStringToString(s: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): RawByteString;
begin
...
WideCharToMultiByte(...);
...
//Adjust the codepage contained in the AnsiString to match reality
SetCodePage(Result, CodePage, False); SetCodePage only works on RawByteString
end;
This has the virtue of being able to use the supported and documented SetCodePage.
But if we're going to cross a line, and start returning RawByteString, surely Delphi already has a function that can convert a UnicodeString to a RawByteString string and vice versa:
function WideStringToString(const s: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): RawByteString;
begin
Result := SysUtils.Something(s, CodePage);
end;
function StringToWideString(const s: RawByteString; CodePage: UINT): UnicodeString;
begin
Result := SysUtils.SomethingElse(s, CodePage);
end;
But what is it?
Or what else should i do?
This was a long-winded set of background for a trivial question. The real question is, of course, what should i be doing instead? There is a lot of code out there that depends on the UnicodeStringToString and the reverse.
tl;dr:
I can convert a UnicodeString to UTF by doing:
Utf8Encode('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ');
and i can convert a UnicodeString to the current code-page by using:
AnsiString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ');
But how do i convert a UnicodeString to an arbitrary (unspecified) code-page?
My feeling is that since everything really is an AnsiString:
Utf8String = AnsiString(65001);
RawByteString = AnsiString(65535);
i should bite the bullet, bust open the AnsiString structure, and poke the correct code-page into it:
function StringToAnsi(const s: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): AnsiString;
begin
LocaleCharsFromUnicode(CodePage, ..., s, ...);
...
if Length(Result) > 0 then
PStrRec(PByte(Result) - SizeOf(StrRec)).codePage := CodePage;
end;
Then the rest of the VCL will fall in line.
In this particular case, using RawByteString is an appropriate solution:
function WideStringToString(const Source: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): RawByteString;
var
strLen: Integer;
begin
strLen := LocaleCharsFromUnicode(CodePage, 0, PWideChar(Source), Length(Source), nil, 0, nil, nil));
if strLen > 0 then
begin
SetLength(Result, strLen);
LocaleCharsFromUnicode(CodePage, 0, PWideChar(Source), Length(Source), PAnsiChar(Result), strLen, nil, nil));
SetCodePage(Result, CodePage, False);
end;
end;
This way, the RawByteString holds the codepage, and assigning the RawByteString to any other string type, whether that be AnsiString or UTF8String or whatever, will allow the RTL to automatically convert the RawByteString data from its current codepage to the destination string's codepage (which includes conversions to UnicodeString).
If you absolutely must return an AnsiString (which I do not recommend), you can still use SetCodePage() via a typecast:
function WideStringToString(const Source: UnicodeString; CodePage: UINT): AnsiString;
var
strLen: Integer;
begin
strLen := LocaleCharsFromUnicode(CodePage, 0, PWideChar(Source), Length(Source), nil, 0, nil, nil));
if strLen > 0 then
begin
SetLength(Result, strLen);
LocaleCharsFromUnicode(CodePage, 0, PWideChar(Source), Length(Source), PAnsiChar(Result), strLen, nil, nil));
SetCodePage(PRawByteString(#Result)^, CodePage, False);
end;
end;
The reverse is much easier, just use the codepage already stored in a (Ansi|RawByte)String (just make sure those codepages are always accurate), since the RTL already knows how to retrieve and use the codepage for you:
function StringToWideString(const Source: AnsiString): UnicodeString;
begin
Result := UnicodeString(Source);
end;
function StringToWideString(const Source: RawByteString): UnicodeString;
begin
Result := UnicodeString(Source);
end;
That being said, I would suggest dropping the helper functions altogether and just use typed strings instead. Let the RTL handle conversions for you:
type
Win1252String = type AnsiString(1252);
var
s: UnicodeString;
a: Win1252String;
begin
s := 'Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ';
a := Win1252String(s);
s := UnicodeString(a);
end;
var
s: UnicodeString;
u: UTF8String;
begin
s := 'Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ';
u := UTF8String(s);
s := UnicodeString(u);
end;
I think that returning a RawByteString is probably as good as you'll get. You could do it using AnsiString as you outlined but RawByteString captures the intent better. In this scenario a RawByteString morally counts as a parameter in the sense of the official Embarcadero advice. It is just an output rather than an input. The real key is not to use it as a variable.
You could code it like this:
function MBCSString(const s: UnicodeString; CodePage: Word): RawByteString;
var
enc: TEncoding;
bytes: TBytes;
begin
enc := TEncoding.GetEncoding(CodePage);
try
bytes := enc.GetBytes(s);
SetLength(Result, Length(bytes));
Move(Pointer(bytes)^, Pointer(Result)^, Length(bytes));
SetCodePage(Result, CodePage, False);
finally
enc.Free;
end;
end;
Then
var
s: AnsiString;
....
s := MBCSString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', 1252);
Writeln(StringCodePage(s));
s := MBCSString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', 1251);
Writeln(StringCodePage(s));
s := MBCSString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', 65001);
Writeln(StringCodePage(s));
outputs 1252, 1251, and then 65001 as you would expect.
And you could use LocaleCharsFromUnicode if you prefer. Of course, you need to take its documentation with a pinch of salt: LocaleCharsFromUnicode is a wrapper for the WideCharToMultiByte function. Amazing that text was ever written since LocaleCharsFromUnicode surely only exists to be cross-platform.
However, I wonder if you may be making a mistake in attempting to keep ANSI encoded text in AnsiString variables in your program. Normally you would encoded to ANSI as late as possible (at the interop boundary), and likewise decode as early as possible.
If you simply have to do this then perhaps there is a better solution that avoids the dreaded AnsiString completely. Instead of storing the text in an AnsiString, store it in TBytes. You already have data structures that keep track of encoding, so why not keep them. Replace the record that contains code page and AnsiString with one containing code page and TBytes. Then you would have no fear of anything recoding your text behind your back. And your code will be ready to use on the mobile compilers.
Grovelling through System.pas, i found the built-in function SetAnsiString that does what i want:
procedure SetAnsiString(Dest: _PAnsiStr; Source: PWideChar; Length: Integer; CodePage: Word);
It's also important to note that this function does push the CodePage into the internal StrRec structure for me:
PStrRec(PByte(Dest) - SizeOf(StrRec)).codePage := CodePage;
This allows me to write something like:
function WideStringToString(const s: UnicodeString; DestinationCodePage: Word): AnsiString;
var
strLen: Integer;
begin
strLen := Length(Source);
if strLen = 0 then
begin
Result := '';
Exit;
end;
//Delphi XE6 has a function to convert a unicode string to a tagged AnsiString
SetAnsiString(#Result, #Source[1], strLen, DestinationCodePage);
end;
So when i call:
actual := WideStringToString('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ', 850);
i get the resulting AnsiString:
codePage: $0352 (850)
elemSize: $0001 (1)
refCnt: $00000001 (1)
length: $0000002C (44)
contents: 'The qùíçk brown fôx jumped ovêr the láZÿ dog'
An AnsiString with the appropriate code-page already stuffed in the secret codePage member.
The other way
class function TUnicodeHelper.ByteStringToUnicode(const Source: RawByteString; CodePage: UINT): UnicodeString;
var
wideLen: Integer;
dw: DWORD;
begin
{
See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317756.aspx
Code Page Identifiers
for a list of code pages supported in Windows.
Some common code pages are:
CP_UTF8 (65001) utf-8 "Unicode (UTF-8)"
CP_ACP (0) The system default Windows ANSI code page.
CP_OEMCP (1) The current system OEM code page.
1252 Windows-1252 "ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows)", this is what most of us in north america use in Windows
437 IBM437 "OEM United States", this is your "DOS fonts"
850 ibm850 "OEM Multilingual Latin 1; Western European (DOS)", the format accepted by Fincen for LCTR/STR
28591 iso-8859-1 "ISO 8859-1 Latin 1; Western European (ISO)", Windows-1252 is a super-set of iso-8859-1, adding things like euro symbol, bullet and ellipses
20127 us-ascii "US-ASCII (7-bit)"
}
if Length(Source) = 0 then
begin
Result := '';
Exit;
end;
// Determine real size of final, string in symbols
// wideLen := MultiByteToWideChar(CodePage, 0, PAnsiChar(Source), Length(Source), nil, 0);
wideLen := UnicodeFromLocaleChars(CodePage, 0, PAnsiChar(Source), Length(Source), nil, 0);
if wideLen = 0 then
begin
dw := GetLastError;
raise EConvertError.Create('[StringToWideString] Could not get wide length of UTF-16 string. Error '+IntToStr(dw)+' ('+SysErrorMessage(dw)+')');
end;
// Allocate memory for UTF-16 string
SetLength(Result, wideLen);
// Convert source string to UTF-16 (WideString)
// wideLen := MultiByteToWideChar(CodePage, 0, PAnsiChar(Source), Length(Source), PWChar(wideStr), wideLen);
wideLen := UnicodeFromLocaleChars(CodePage, 0, PAnsiChar(Source), Length(Source), PWChar(Result), wideLen);
if wideLen = 0 then
begin
dw := GetLastError;
raise EConvertError.Create('[StringToWideString] Could not convert string to UTF-16. Error '+IntToStr(dw)+' ('+SysErrorMessage(dw)+')');
end;
end;
Note: Any code released into public domain. No attribution required.
Related
I have found this WideStringToString() function to convert a Unicode string to an ANSI string. I need to convert a string like àèéìòù to aeeiou, so all accents should be removed. I think it could be done with that function, but which codepage should I use?
The current way to do this is to use System.SysUtils.TEncoding. An example:
function RemoveAccents(const Src: string): string;
var
Bytes: TBytes;
begin
Bytes := TEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Src);
Result := TEncoding.ASCII.GetString(Bytes);
end;
procedure Test;
begin
Writeln(RemoveAccents('Ŧĥε qùíçķ ƀřǭŵņ fôx ǰűmpεď ōvêŗ ţħě łáƶÿ ďơǥ'));
Writeln(RemoveAccents('àèéìòù'));
end;
For some unknown reason this couldn't convert the epsilon (ε), so the output is:
Th? quick brown fox jump?d over the lazy dog
aeeiou
I have come up with this function to return the number of occurrences of a string in a Delphi Stream. However, I suspect there is a more efficient way to achieve this, since I am using "higher level" constructs (char), and not working at the lower byte/pointer level (which I am not that familiar with)
function ReadStream(const S: AnsiString; Stream: TMemoryStream): Integer;
var
Arr: Array of AnsiChar;
Buf: AnsiChar;
ReadCount: Integer;
procedure AddChar(const C: AnsiChar);
var
I: Integer;
begin
for I := 1 to Length(S) - 1 do
Arr[I] := Arr[I+1];
Arr[Length(S)] := C;
end;
function IsEqual: Boolean;
var
I: Integer;
begin
Result := True;
for I := 1 to Length(S) do
if S[I] <> Arr[I] then
begin
Result := False;
Break;;
end;
end;
begin
Stream.Position := 0;
SetLength(Arr, Length(S));
Result := 0;
repeat
ReadCount := Stream.Read(Buf, 1);
AddChar(Buf);
if IsEqual then
Inc(Result);
until ReadCount = 0;
end;
Can someone supply a procedure that is more efficient?
Stream has a method that will let you get into the internal buffer.
You can get a pointer to the internal buffer using the Memory property.
If you are working in 32 bit and you are willing to let go of the deprecated TMemoryStream and use TBytesStream instead you can use abuse the fact that a dynamic array and an AnsiString share the same structure in 32 bit.
Unfortunately Emba broke that compatibility in X64, Which means that for no good reason whatsoever you cannot have strings > 2GB in X64.
Note that this trick will break in 64 bit! (See fix below)
You can use Boyer-Moore string searching.
This allows you to write code like this:
function CountOccurrances(const Needle: AnsiString; const Haystack: TBytesStream): integer;
var
Start: cardinal;
Count: integer;
begin
Start:= 1;
Count:= 0;
repeat
{$ifdef CPUx86}
Start:= _FindStringBoyerAnsiString(string(HayStack.Memory), Needle, false, Start);
{$else}
Start:= __FindStringBoyerAnsiStringIn64BitTArrayByte(TArray<Byte>(HaySAtack.Memory), Needle, false, Start);
{$endif}
if Start >= 1 then begin
Inc(Start, Length(Needle));
Inc(Count);
end;
until Start <= 0;
Result:= Count;
end;
For 32 bit you'll have to rewrite the BoyerMoore code to use AnsiString; a trivial rewrite.
For 64 bit you'll have to rewrite the BoyerMoore code to use a TArray<byte> as a first parameter; a relatively simple task.
If you are looking for efficiency, please try and avoid WinAPI calls that use pchars. c-style strings are a horrible idea, because they do not have a length prefix.
Johan has given you a good answer about Boyer-Moore searching. BM is fine if
your are content to use it as a "black box", but if you want to understand what's going on,
there is a bit of a gulf between the complexity of your own code and a BM implementation.
You might find it helpful to explore searching that's more efficient than your own code
but not so complex as BM. There is one ultra-simple way to do what you want without
getting invoved with pointers, PChars, etc.
Let's leave aside for a moment the fact that you want to work with a TMemoryStream, and
consider finding the number of occurrences of a string SubStr in another string Target.
For efficiency, things you want to avoid are a) repeatedly scanning the same characters
over and over and b) copying one or both strings.
Since D7, Delphi has included a PosEx function:
function PosEx(const SubStr, S: string; Offset: Cardinal = 1): Integer;
Description
PosEx returns the index of SubStr in S, beginning the search at Offset. If Offset is 1 (default), PosEx is equivalent to Pos.
PosEx returns 0 if SubStr is not found, if Offset is greater than the length of S, or if Offset is less than 1.
So what you can do is repeatedly call PosEx, starting with Offset = 1, and each time it
finds SubStr in Target you increment Offset to skip over it, like this (in a console application):
function ContainsCount(const SubStr, Target : String) : Integer;
var
i : Integer;
begin
Result := 0;
i := 1;
repeat
i := PosEx(SubStr, Target, i);
if i > 0 then begin
Inc(Result);
i := i + Length(SubStr);
end;
until i <= 0;
end;
var
Count : Integer;
Target : String;
begin
Target := 'aa b ca';
Count := ContainsCount('a', Target);
writeln(Count);
readln;
end.
The fact that PosEx and ContainsCount both pass SubStr and Target as
consts meants that no string copying is involved, and it should be obvious
that ContainsCount never scans the same characters more that once.
Once you've satisfied yourself that this works, you might care to trace
into PosEx to see how it does its stuff.
You can do something which works in a similar way on PChars using the RTL functions StrPos/AnsiStrPos
To convert your memory stream to a string, you could use this code from
Rob Kennedy's answer to this q Converting TMemoryStream to 'String' in Delphi 2009
function MemoryStreamToString(M: TMemoryStream): string;
begin
SetString(Result, PChar(M.Memory), M.Size div SizeOf(Char));
end;
(Note what he says about the alternative version later in his answer)
Btw, if you look through the VCL + RTL code, you'll see that quite a lot of the string-parsing and processing code (e.g. in TParser, TStringList, TExpressionParser) all does its work with PChars. There's a reason for that of course, because it minimizes character copying and means that most scanning operations can be done by changing pointer (PChar) values.
I'm generating texture atlases for rendering Unicode texts in my app. Source texts are stored in ANSI codepages (1250, 1251, 1254, 1257, etc). I want to be able to generate all the symbols from each ANSI codepage.
Here is the outline of the code I would expect to have:
for I := 0 to 255 do
begin
anChar := AnsiChar(I); //obtain AnsiChar
//Apply codepage without converting the chars
//<<--- this part does not work, showing:
//"E2033 Types of actual and formal var parameters must be identical"
SetCodePage(anChar, aCodepages[K], False);
//Assign AnsiChar to UnicodeChar (automatic conversion)
uniChar := anChar;
//Here we get Unicode character index
uniCode := Ord(uniChar);
end;
The code above does not works (E2033) and I'm not sure it is a proper solution at all. Perhaps there's much shorter version.
What is the proper way of converting AnsiChar into Unicode with specific codepage in mind?
I would do it like this:
function AnsiCharToWideChar(ac: AnsiChar; CodePage: UINT): WideChar;
begin
if MultiByteToWideChar(CodePage, 0, #ac, 1, #Result, 1) <> 1 then
RaiseLastOSError;
end;
I think you should avoid using strings for what is in essence a character operation. If you know up front which code pages you need to support then you can hard code the conversions into a lookup table expressed as an array constant.
Note that all the characters that are defined in the ANSI code pages map to Unicode characters from the Basic Multilingual Plane and so are represented by a single UTF-16 character. Hence the size assumptions of the code above.
However, the assumption that you are making, and that this answer persists, is that a single byte represents a character in an ANSI character set. That's a valid assumption for many character sets, for example the single byte western character sets like 1252. But there are character sets like 932 (Japanese), 949 (Koren) etc. that are double byte character sets. Your entire approach breaks down for those code pages. My guess is that only wish to support single byte character sets.
If you are writing cross-platform code then you can replace MultiByteToWideChar with UnicodeFromLocaleChars.
You can also do it in one step for all characters. Here is an example for codepage 1250:
var
encoding: TEncoding;
bytes: TBytes;
unicode: TArray<Word>;
I: Integer;
S: string;
begin
SetLength(bytes, 256);
for I := 0 to 255 do
bytes[I] := I;
SetLength(unicode, 256);
encoding := TEncoding.GetEncoding(1250); // change codepage as needed
try
S := encoding.GetString(bytes);
for I := 0 to 255 do
unicode[I] := Word(S[I+1]); // as long as strings are 1-based
finally
encoding.Free;
end;
end;
Here is the code I have found to be working well:
var
I: Byte;
anChar: AnsiString;
Tmp: RawByteString;
uniChar: Char;
uniCode: Word;
begin
for I := 0 to 255 do
begin
anChar := AnsiChar(I);
Tmp := anChar;
SetCodePage(Tmp, aCodepages[K], False);
uniChar := UnicodeString(Tmp)[1];
uniCode := Word(uniChar);
<...snip...>
end;
I am trying to get this code to work. It's a standard search and replace function.
I get no errors at all but nothing changes in the text file for some reason.
Here is the full code:
procedure FileReplaceString(const FileName, searchstring, replacestring: string);
var
fs: TFileStream;
S: string;
begin
fs := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmOpenread or fmShareDenyNone);
try
SetLength(S, fs.Size);
fs.ReadBuffer(S[1], fs.Size);
finally
fs.Free;
end;
S := StringReplace(S, SearchString, replaceString, [rfReplaceAll, rfIgnoreCase]);
fs := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmCreate);
try
fs.WriteBuffer(S[1], Length(S));
finally
fs.Free;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var Path, FullPath:string;
begin
Path:= ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName);
FullPath:= Path + 'test.txt';
FileReplaceString(FullPath,'changethis','withthis');
end;
The reason is that S, searchstring, and replacestring are Unicode strings (so, e.g., "Test" is 54 00 65 00 73 00 74 00) while the text file probably is a UTF-8 or ANSI file (so, e.g., "Test" is 54 65 73 74).
This means that the value stored in S will be highly corrupt (you take the bytes of a UTF-8 text and interpret them as the bytes of a Unicode text)! In the Test example, you will get 敔瑳?? where the two last characters are random (why?).
To test this hypothesis, simply declare S as AnsiString instead, then it should work.
Of course, if you need Unicode support, you need to do some UTF-8 encoding/decoding. The simplest solution to your problem would be to use the TStringList; then you get everything you need for free.
I'm want to convert a string value to a global memory handle and vice versa, using the following functions I've just written.
But StrToGlobalHandle() causes my testing program hangs. So GlobalHandleToStr() is untest-able yet and I'm also wondering if my code is logical or not.
function StrToGlobalHandle(const aText: string): HGLOBAL;
var
ptr: PChar;
begin
Result := 0;
if aText <> '' then
begin
Result := GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE or GMEM_ZEROINIT, length(aText) + 1);
if Result <> 0 then
begin
ptr := GlobalLock(Result);
if Assigned(ptr) then
begin
StrCopy(ptr, PChar(aText));
GlobalUnlock(Result);
end
end;
end;
end;
function GlobalHandleToStr(const aHandle: HGLOBAL): string;
var
ptrSrc: PChar;
begin
ptrSrc := GlobalLock(aHandle);
if Assigned(ptrSrc) then
begin
SetLength(Result, Length(ptrSrc));
StrCopy(PChar(Result), ptrSrc);
GlobalUnlock(aHandle);
end
end;
Testing code:
procedure TForm3.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
h: HGLOBAL;
s: string;
s2: string;
begin
s := 'this is a test string';
h := StrToGlobalHandle(s);
s2 := GlobalHandleToStr(h);
ShowMessage(s2);
GlobalFree(h);
end;
BTW, I want to use these two functions as helpers to send string values between programs - send a global handle from process A to process B, and process B get the string using GlobalHandleToStr().
BTW 2, I know WM_COPY and other IPC methods, those are not suitable in my case.
The strings in Delphi 2010 are unicode, so you are not allocating the proper buffer size.
replace this line
Result := GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE or GMEM_ZEROINIT, length(aText) + 1);
with this
Result := GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE or GMEM_ZEROINIT, (length(aText) + 1)* SizeOf(Char));
If your program hangs when you call GlobalAlloc, then you probably have heap corruption from earlier in your program. That leads to undefined behavior; the function might detect the problem and return an error, it might crash your program, it might silently corrupt yet more of your memory, it might hang, or it might do any number of other things.
That heap corruption might come from a previous call to StrToGlobalHandle because your StrCopy call writes beyond the end of the allocated memory. You're allocating bytes, but the Length function returns the number of characters in the string. That's only valid when characters are one byte wide, which isn't the case as of Delphi 2009. Multiply by SizeOf(Char) to get a byte count:
Result := GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE or GMEM_ZEROINIT, SizeOf(Char) * (Length(aText) + 1));
You can't send data between programs using GlobalAlloc - it worked only in 16-bit Windows. Use Memory Mapped File instead.