'Keep Both' or 'Replace' during xcode 6 GM installation - ios

While copying Xcode 6 GM to the Applications folder I had options to 'Keep Both' or 'Replace'. I would like to confirm a few things before installing.
If I choose the option to 'Keep Both' will I be able to run Xcode 5 and Xcode 6 independently without any issues?
If I choose 'Replace' is there a way I could possibly return to Xcode 5?

Keep both or replace will not break anything. Pros of accepting keep both is that you will be able to test your app on ios 6.1 simulator and even ios 6.0 simulator, if you still need to support it.

If you choose Replace, you will be able to run Xcode 6 without any problem. And you should be able to install later Xcode 5 and run both in case you needed. If you choose Keep both, you should be able to run both without any problem. I chose replace and there were no problem at all. Hope it helps!

Related

Is it safe to upgrade XCode 4.6.3 to Xcode 7?

I have developed a Universal App that works on both an iPad running iOS 9.3.5 & an iPhone running iOS 6.1.4, using two different Storyboards.
I realise that I need to upgrade in order to be able to distribute my App on the App Store.
Can I run Xcode 7 on OS X Lion? And, more importantly, will my Objective-C code still work in Xcode 7?
The code I am using is very basic. I am essentially using a UINavigationController to present data from an SQLite database.
I am not using any animation, location services or camera based classes.
At the moment, I have set my deployment target as 6.1.
I am using 2 third party frameworks: SSZipArchive & Reachability
Can anyone give me some reassurance, before I assign a month's worth of work to the scrap heap?
It is really hard to tell, since it means jumping 3 versions (!) ahead. Anyway, I wholeheartedly recommend you to set git in your project, to make sure you can always revert if something goes wrong. BTW- I would recommend updating to Xcode 8, the latest version of Xcode.
Following are the answers to your queries :
Which version of Xcode 7, you will be using? You will have to upgrade your OS too to run Xcode 7 as it runs on OS X 10.10.4
Your code will probably work on Xcode 7, but you might have to tweak a few things. But you will have a lot of online help to fix these issues.
From Xcode 7s Release notes:
Xcode 7 requires a Mac running OS X 10.10.4
In general, you can copy /Applications/Xcode.app to /Applications/Xcode_4_6_3.app and than update (or maybe better install) Xcode 8beside it, so you can always use your legacy version side-by-side.
Without knowing your code nobody can tell if it needs modifications to build under Xcode7. As the step from Xcode 4 to Xcode 7 is big, plus you want to build for the App Store and therefor have to target iOS 10, I assume you will have to tweak your code due to deprecations and such.
You need to build with Xcode8 to archive this btw.
If you were working with Storyboard, I would also expect issues as Storyboard has been developed a lot in between.
Will my MacBook Pro OSX Lion, handle the XCode 4.6.3 to Xcode 7
Absolutely not. Xcode 7 requires a much later system version than Lion.
In general what I have done in your situation is to install the required system and Xcode onto an external drive or a partition on the internal drive, and boot from that. This allows me to experiment and see whether the transition is going to work.
There is no need, therefore, to guess — which is what it appears you are trying to do.

Run release and beta version of XCode

I am wondering how to handle running two versions of xcode on a mac, or if it is even possible.
I currently have a number of production apps that I service with the release xcode7. I must have this available for uploading app versions to the app store.
I also have a ipod touch device I have the ios9.1 beta running, and want to test and write code for the new os.
However, xcode7 says I can't test ios 9.1 beta, that I have to install xcode beta. Also, I've read that you can't push apps to the app store with the beta. So how can you maintain current apps, as well as, build new functionality?
Maybe I have missed something? some setting that allows me to toggle between these xcodes? or will the mac allow me to have two different versions of XCode installed? I assumed it would just override the other.
I don't want to buy another mac, or to partition the one I have, or keep downloading and installing different versions on all the devices, if I don't have to.
Any information would be helpful, how does everyone else handle this?
You simply need to rename them in /Applications; for example:
Xcode 6.4: /Applications/Xcode6.app
Xcode 7.0: /Applications/Xcode7.app
Xcode 7.1 beta: /Application/Xcode-beta.app (the default anyway).
They will co-exist perfectly happily, however if you do command line builds, you'll want to use xcode-select to select the version you want to use when using xcodebuild or clang, etc.
The betas generally come with the name Xcode-beta.app (this is true for the iOS 9.1 beta), so you can just download it and copy it to the /Applications folder as usual.
In the rare cases where that's not true, you can just rename Xcode.
You can install both versions. They will happily co-exist in your /Applications folder. One will be called Xcode, the other will be called Xcode-Beta

Xcode terminates when clicking on XIB file

I want to test my app in iOS 6. Currently I am using Xcode 6
I read some articles that state "you have to download older versions of Xcode (e.g. Xcode 5) and in Xcode 5 download the iOS Simulator 6 and then run in it."
But if I do it like that, I am getting the following errors for only specific XIB files like:
Command /Applications/Xcode 2.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/ibtool failed with exit code 255
How I can fix this issue?
You are usually able to copy simulators from one Xcode to another, effectively installing the iOS 6 simulator into Xcode 6 like you want to. However, in looking around, it seems as though Xcode 6 doesn't support simulators under iOS 7.
My recommendation would be to install Xcode 4 or 5 and run your app there, but it sounds like you've already developed some of your app using Xcode 6. If that is the case, you'll have a lot of warnings. It's not a good idea to develop an app in a newer version of Xcode then run in an older version. Apple tries to get out the bugs when updating your Xcode version, but I doubt they do much testing or work on supporting downgrading the version.
If your xib files aren't complicated, you might rebuild them in the older version of Xcode and try to run again. There's almost always something that changes in how Apple formats xib files with each version. I believe that's what's causing your problems.
If you want to open xibs made in Xcode > 5 in Xcode 5, you will have to specifically save them in Xcode 5 format:
Of course, then you won't be able to use any modern features, e.g. size classes.

unable to boot the ios simulator XCode 6 iOS 8 [duplicate]

I cannot launch the simulator successfully. Once I launch the IOS Simulator this error appears:
"Unable to boot the IOS Simulator."
Following the IOS Simulator error, I then get an error from Xcode reading:
Unable to run app in Simulator
An error was encountered while running (Domain = DTiPhoneSimulatorErrorDomain, Code = 2)
UPDATE:
This might sound silly but I went to Xcode/preference/Downloads with intentions of seeing a IOS 8.0 Simulator but there was none. Could this be the problem? Am I suppose to have a IOS 8.0 Simulator? If so can someone direct me how to get it? Also, under the "Downloads" tab in Xcode preference I do see IOS 7.0 and 7.1 Simulators and both work fine with Xcode 5.
the trick is, to select the right command line tools!
just select it here
reboot(!) and everything is fine again :-)
Ok It's known problem. Do you see simulators list? If not
Goto Xcode Menu -> Open Developer Tool -> It will open a simulator in your Dock -> click on simulator then go to Simulator Menu: Hardware -> Device -> Manage Devices. Add needed simulators. Always try to run your app with different simulators.someone will work.
Restart your Mac. I just had that exact error after installing Xcode 6 beta 7, literally the only thing I did in response was reboot my Mac and now the iOS 8 simulator is working.
This error is common if you update Xcode without restarting afterwards.
In my case, i reset ios simulator settings fix it.
iOS Simulator -> Reset Content and Settings ...
Open Xcode 6 beta
Goto Window > Devices
Click on the little + sign at the bottom
Add (if missing) all the devices that you want, or delete and recreate if not working.
If anyone of the simulator is not working then you can delete it and then re-create it again in this menu.
I saw the same issue when I installed Xcode 6 beta 6, and deleted beta 4 and beta 5. Apparently, deleting the old betas also deleted the iOS Simulator 8 versions! Putting it back from my Trash solved the issue.
Solution: Don't delete old beta software!
Edit: #Flori's solution worked. Was able to delete the old beta software, and after a complete system reboot, it worked again.
From the xCode 6 pull down menus, Xcode > Open Developer Tool >
iOS Simulator (if you get a pop up error just dismiss it)
Once in the Simulator go to Hardware > Device > Manage Devices.
Delete everything listed under simulator.
Reboot your machine.
After that, navigate back to Manage Devices in the simulator and click the plus to add back your simulators. Then the iOS 8 simulators will show up.
Just unset DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES environment variable in the /etc/launchd.conf or ~/.launchd.conf file. Which you can edit by sudo vi /etc/launchd.conf command. remove the above flag save it by "ZZ" (captial Z) and reboot the system. It works like a charm.
Make sure that path in menu XCode>Preference>Locations point to XCode 6.0 (Restart Xcode after changing them). Then go to menu Window>Devices and add simulator devices you want to use.
Edit: Turns out I was getting my version of the error because I had a file (the "Empty File" type) named "Frameworks" in several of my projects, and this was causing big issues with the iOS 8 simulators. Renaming the file to be anything else, and then doing a Clean Build Folder fixed it right away.
------Deprecated Original Message Below--------
In case this helps anyone -- I was having a similar error on Xcode 6 GM, and tried everything mentioned in these Answers, but the iOS 8 simulators would never run any of my apps (no problems with iOS 7 running from Xcode 6 though).
What did sort of work was creating a new project (new project apps would run in the iOS 8 simulators, but never any luck with existing apps). Copying over files and project settings is no fun, but at least it let me do testing and see if my apps needed fixing for the iOS 8 public release.
Extended description of problem at https://devforums.apple.com/thread/246751
I tried everything mentioned above and nothing worked.
Finally the only way to make it work was unsetting DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libimckit.dylib
How I did this:
Open terminal and typing "sudo vi /etc/launchd.conf"
Changing
"setenv DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES /usr/lib/libimckit.dylib"
to
"unsetenv DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES /usr/lib/libimckit.dylib"
Save changes
Reboot your system
In this post [1] explain what DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES is for
[1] https://stackoverflow.com/a/26053165/2091181
I got this issue when moving from Beta 6 to Beta 7. Very frustrating. I could reset content and settings on any of the iOS 8 simulators. None of my iOS 8 simulators were working at all, just a black screen. I restarted my machine during the process, but I am not sure if it did anything. Initially I had only iOS 8 Simulators. I had to remove and reinstall Xcode6Beta7. I did not get the Install More Components the first time I installed it, I am not sure if that was the missing part. I installed the iOS 7 Simulators from Settings->Downloads because my iOS8 ones were not working. After I had reinstalled and relaunched the simulator, I then had a list of iOS 6,7,& 8 simulators. None of the iOS 8 Simulators were working. I was able to launch the iOS7 simulator and then using the device menu change to an iOS 8 Simulator. Some still did not work, I had to remove them and re-add them in the devices screen.
Remove XCode6Beta from Applications.
Restart Machine (Just in case, this seems to solve some peoples issue completely)
Install XCode6Beta.
Verify the Install Additional Components ran.
Launch Xcode6Beta.
Preferences->General->Change Command Line Tools to Xcode 6.0.
Restart Xcode.
Preferences->Downloads->Download iOS 7 Simulator (If not already downloaded).
Run App on iOS 7 Simulator (Or launch iOS Simulator and switch to iOS 7 device)
If the iOS 7 Simulator is working, Hardware->Devices->Select an iOS 8 simulator.
Delete and recreate any non working iOS 8 Simulators in Window->Devices from Xcode.
I wrestled with this for a bit, with the simulator app reporting that it couldn't find the iOS8 simulator, and suggesting updating in Prefs/Downloads, which didn't work. I tried re-installing Beta 6 twice (without removing all the support files, which would have been next). The initial installation described itself as build 6A280c; a fresh download yielded build 6A280e. No luck.
Eventually, I opened Window -> Devices, and used the "+" button in the lower left to add a new simulator for iPhone 5s, iOS 8, naming it "Fresh 5s". The Schemes popup now displayed three iPhone 5S/iOS 8 options (none with the name I designated, but differentiated by UUIDs); at least one of them worked.
I'm guessing that this feature (collections of arbitrary simulator instances) will be very useful when it's baked. In the meantime, I guess I'll need to manage the list of simulators manually.
Do following steps worked for me:
1. Launch the iOS Simulator and go to iOS Simulator --> Reset Content and Settings...
2. Close all the applications and restart your mac
3. Open Xcode6.0.1 or 6.0 and test the iOS Simulator
Had the same problem after moving from Xcode 6 beta 5 to beta 6, but also for the iOS 7.1 simulator. Restarting my machine seemed to do the job. I did not need to update from Xcode 5.1.1 CLT to Xcode 6.0 CLT.
I tried all of the solutions above, and was still unable to launch the iOS8 Simulator. The iOS7 Simulators all launched fine.
Looking at the Console, I found that the launch was crashing, and the crash log complained about the dynamic library, libimckit.dylib. You can read about that here:
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5781366?start=0&tstart=0
The quick solution, remove that and its partner library, reboot, and it loads.
Is there anything interesting in ~/Library/Logs/CoreSimulator/CoreSimulator.log?
The "Unable to boot the iOS Simulator." error message is almost always because launchd_crashed because DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES was set to something not compatible with the iOS Simulator runtime. Do you have any crash logs (eg: launchd_sim crashes) in ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports? If so, check if they show DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES being set. If that's the case, your options are to either update to an OS X Yosemite host (which will deal with this issue) or unset DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES (likely set in /etc/launchd.conf or ~/.launchd.conf)
Force Quit All the apps including xcode and simulator
Restart MAC
Checking in the "Locations" Xcode preference, I had two items of the same version, one located in the app translocation area (/var/.../AppTranslocation/...). Also I had previously done a manual command line tools install. To resolve this in the end I had to delete /Applications/Xcode.app and remove the manual command line tools install:
sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
Then installed Xcode anew, and rebooted. Boom! Simulator working again.
Reboot your mac os. its working correctly on xcode 11.3.x and mac os 10.14.6.

Is it possible to install iOS 6 SDK on Xcode 5?

Xcode 5 has a preferences pane that allow one to download iPhone 6.1 simulator, however I can't find a place where it allows downloading of iOS 6 SDK, thus it is not possible to set the active SDK to iOS 6 when developing with Xcode 5. Is there a workaround that would allow Xcode 5 to install iOS 6 SDK?
EDIT:
Workarounds should no longer be necessary now that Xcode 5 is generally available and allows you to download previous versions of the SDK.
EDIT: Starting Feb 1, 2014, Apple will no longer accept pre-iOS7 apps for submission to App Store. So while this technique still works, it will not be useful for most readers.
Yes, this is fine. I still build with iOS 4.3 for one project (it's been awhile since we updated; but they still accepted it after iOS 6 came out), and I currently build 10.5 apps with Xcode 5.
See How to point Xcode to an old SDK so it can be used as a "Base SDK"? for details on how to set it up. You can use my fix-xcode
script to link everything for you every time you upgrade.
The only trick is getting the old SDKs. If you don't have them, you generally need to download old versions of Xcode (still available on developer.apple.com), open the installer package, and hunt around to find the SDK you need.
SDKs can be found within the installer package at:
Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/
I was also running the same problem when I updated to xcode 5 it removed older sdk. But I taken the copy of older SDK from another computer and the same you can download from following link.
http://www.4shared.com/zip/NlPgsxz6/iPhoneOS61sdk.html
(www.4shared.com test account test#yopmail.com/test)
There are 2 ways to work with.
1) Unzip and paste this folder to /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs & restart the xcode.
But this might again removed by Xcode if you update xcode.
2) Another way is Unzip and paste where you want and go to /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs and create a symbolic link here, so that the SDK will remain same even if you update the Xcode.
Another change I made, Build Setting > Architectures > standard (not 64) so list all the versions of Deployment Target
No need to download the zip if you only wanted to change the deployment target.
Here are some screenshots.
Yes, I just solved the problem today.
Find the SDK file, like iPhoneOS6.1.sdk, in your or your friend's
older Xcode directory.
Copy & put it into the Xcode 5 directory :
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs.
Then you can choose the SDK like below :
Hope this helps you.
Find and download old SDK. Older SDKs are found here.
I have copied the xcode.app directory as Xcode_4.6.3.app.
Now you can test and debug in both xcode versions. You have to run them from the corresponding folders or create shortcuts in your desktop. When building from command line give the parameter as iPhoneOS6.1 instead of iPhoneOS7.0
This worked great for me in Xcode5 and iOS.
Go to into Xcode5's SDK dir. Its usually located at:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs
Add a symbolic link to the old SDK like this:
sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode_4.6.3.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1.sdk iPhoneOS6.1.sdk
Or more accurately from anywhere in the command line,
sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode_4.6.3.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1.sdk /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1.sdk
You can download the older SDK and install it in
Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/
folder. Logout + Login just to make sure the changes take effect and you should see the older SDK in your new XCode
Just to add, you can actually download old versions of the simulator with Xcode 5 itself - just go to preferences and you'll find them under Downloads:
Download Xcode 4.6.x from the Apple Dev Center: https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action
Create a folder called Xcode4 within the Applications folder and drag-n-drop the downloaded dmg there.
Open a terminal window
$sudo cp -R /Applications/Xcode4/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1.sdk /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/
You will be prompt to enter a password since you're inside a system folder
Open Xcode 5 and you should now see both SDKs
Just for me the easiest solution:
Locate an older SDK like for example "iPhoneOS6.1 sdk" in an older version of xcode for example.
If you haven't, you can downlad it from Apple Developer server at this address:
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action?name=Xcode
When you open the xcode.dmg you can find it by opening the Xcode.app (right click and "show contents")
and go to Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1 sdk
Simple Copy the folder iPhoneOS6.X sdk and paste it in your xcode.app
right click on your xcode.app in Applications folder.
Go to Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/
Just paste here.
Close your xcode app and re-open it again.
To test an app in iOS 6 on your simulator:
- Just choose iOS 6.0 in your active sheme.
To build your app in iOS 6, so the design of your app will be the older design on an iPhone with iOS 7 also:
- Choose iOS6.1 in Targets - Base SDK
Just note : When you change the base SDK in your Targets, iOS 7.0 won't be available anymore for building on the simulator !
Can do this, But not really necessary
How to do this
Jason Lee got the answer. When installing xCode I preferred keeping previous installations rather than replacing them. So I have these in my installation Folder
So /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs Contain different sdks. (Replace Xcode.app with correct number) copy previous sdks to
/Applications/Xcode 3.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs
Here is my folder after I copied one.
Now restart xCode and you can set previous versions of sdks as base sdk.
Why it is not necessary
Refering Apple Documentaion
To use a particular SDK for an Xcode project, make two selections in your project’s build settings.
Choose a deployment target.
This identifies the earliest OS version on which your software can run.
Choose a base SDK
Your software can use features available in OS versions up to and including the one corresponding to the base SDK. By default , Xcode sets this to the newest OS supported by Xcode.
Rule is Use latest as base SDK and set deployment target to the minimum version app supposed to run
For example you can use iOS 7 as base sdk and set iOS 6 as deployment target. Run on iOS 6 simulator to test how it works on iOS 6. Install simulator if not available with list of simulators.
Additionaly You can unconditionally use features upto iOS 6. And Conditionally you can support new features of iOS 7 for new updated devices while supporting previous versions.
This can be done using Weakly Linked Classes ,Weakly Linked Methods, Functions, and Symbols
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/developertools/conceptual/cross_development/Using/using.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20002000-SW3
Weak Linking
Suppose in Xcode you set the deployment target (minimum required version) to iOS6 and the target SDK (maximum allowed version) to iOS7. During compilation, the compiler would weakly link any interfaces that were introduced in iOS7 while strongly linking earlier interfaces. This would allow your application to continue running on iOS6 but still take advantage of newer features when they are available.
The other answers here are correct too, but I find the following steps to be the easiest:
Just download Xcode 4.6.3 from the dev center link that says "Looking for an older version of Xcode?" (currently points here) and mount the dmg.
Then in terminal, copy the SDK files over:
cp -R /Volumes/Xcode/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS6.1.sdk /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/
Finally, relaunch Xcode and you're done.
My app was transitioned to Xcode 5 seamlessly because it can still build with the original iOS Deployment Target that you set in the project (5.1 in my case). If the new SDK doesn't cause some insurmountable problem, then why not build using it? Surely there are many improvements under the hood.
For example, I will much prefer to use Xcode 5 instead of Xcode 4.6.3. Why? I'll get a lot more battery life because the UI scrolling of text/code areas in Xcode 5 no longer chews up an entire CPU thread.
Linking the 6.1 SDK into Xcode 5 as described in the other answers is one step. However this still doesn't solve the problem that running on iOS 7 new UI elements are taken, view controllers are made full-size etc.
As described in this answer it is also required to switch the UI into legacy mode on iOS 7:
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setBool:YES forKey:#"UIUseLegacyUI"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
Beware: This is an undocumented key and not recommended for App Store builds!
Also, in my experience while testing on the device I found that it only works the second time I launch the app even though I'm running the code fairly early in the app launch, in +[AppDelegate initialize]. Also there are subtle differences to a version built using Xcode 4.6. For instance, transparent navigation bars behave differently (causing the view to be full-size).
However, since Xcode 4.6.3 crashes on Mavericks (at least for me, see rdar://15318883), this is at least a solution to continue using Xcode 5 for debugging.
I downloaded XCode 4 and took iOS 6.1 SDK from it to the XCode 5 as described in other answers.
Then I also installed iOS 6.1 Simulator (it was available in preferences). I also switched Base SDK to iOS 6.1 in project settings.
After all these manipulations the project with 6.1 base sdk runs in comp ability mode in iOS 7 Simulator.
From 1st february Apple will reject app built only for iOS6 or lower. Here is also the official communication from Apple. Better start building for iOS7.
To clarify my statement: If you build for iOS6 or lower, apple will reject your app.
If you build for iOS7 AND lower everything is fine, this means:
you must use xcode5
you should deploy on iOS7 at least.
The content of the Apple email is pretty clear at me
"Make sure your apps work seamlessly with the innovative technologies
in iOS 7. Starting February 1, new apps and app updates submitted to
the App Store must be built with Xcode 5 and iOS 7 SDK."
I currently have Xcode 4.6.3 and 5.0 installed. I used the following bash script to link 5.0 to the SDKs in the old version:
platforms_path="$1/Contents/Developer/Platforms";
if [ -d $platforms_path ]; then
for platform in `ls $platforms_path`
do
sudo ln -sf $platforms_path/$platform/Developer/SDKs/* $(xcode-select --print-path)/Platforms/$platform/Developer/SDKs;
done;
fi;
You just need to supply it with the path to the .app:
./xcode.sh /Applications/Xcode-463.app

Resources