addObject in NSMutableArray is copied or retained? - ios

Question

When you add object into collection, such as NSMutableArray, the object is copied, that is, value semantics, or is retained, that is, reference semantics?
I am confused in the example:
NSMutableString *testStr = [#"test" mutableCopy];
NSMutableArray *arrayA = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
[arrayA addObject:testStr];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
testStr = [#"world" mutableCopy];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
// testStr is copied - value semantics
NSMutableArray *testArr = [#[#1, #2] mutableCopy];
NSMutableArray *arrarB = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
[arrarB addObject:testArr];
NSLog(#"%#", arrarB); // output: [1, 2]
[testArr addObject:#3];
NSLog(#"%#", arrarB); // output: [1, 2, 3]
// testArr is retained - reference semantics
You can see: if the object is a NSMutableString, it looks like the object is copied - you change the object will not affect the object in the array.
However, if the object is a NSMutableArray, when you change the object, the object in the array also be changed - like you retain the object or pass by reference.
Am I missing something here?
Thanks.

Answer 1

Collections retain, not copy, objects that are added to them.

Answer 2

In your first part, adding an object to the array is not making a copy. Let's look at your code:
Here you created your NSMutableString and your NSMutableArray:
NSMutableString *testStr = [#"test" mutableCopy];
NSMutableArray *arrayA = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
Then you add your string to the array:
[arrayA addObject:testStr];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
Next you're creating a new NSMutableString and assigning that to the variable testStr, which simply makes testStr point to the new object. It has no effect on the first string you created:
testStr = [#"world" mutableCopy];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
So that's why your first block of code works how it does.
In your second block of code, it seems that you already understand why that works how it does, but just to make it clear, testArr always points to the same array, which you also added to arrarB, hence why printing out arrarB reflects the change you make to testArr.

Answer 3

String is retained too, in line:
testStr = [#"world" mutableCopy];
you create a new string and you assign its copy to the testStr local variable, so old retained string is still in the table

Answer 4

Instead of:
testStr = [#"world" mutableCopy];
you could try:
[testStr setString:#"world"];
This would modify 'old' string instead of making testStr to point on a new object

Answer 5

NSMutableString *testStr = [#"test" mutableCopy];
NSMutableArray *arrayA = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
[arrayA addObject:testStr];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
testStr = [#"world" mutableCopy];
NSLog(#"%#", arrayA); // output: test
Here testStr is not copied to arrayA. After adding testStr object to array, testStr pointer itself changed to reference to some other object (lets say "World").
In the same was as you did for array, you can also append another string to testStr (instead of pointing to different string ) you can see the same results as testArr.
[testStr appendString:#" Test 2"];
`NSLog(#"%#", arrayA);` // output: test Test 2