I have the following piece of code:
NSString *bgImageName = [[Useful instance] getRootviewBackgroundImageName];
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:bgImageName]];
imageView.clipsToBounds = YES;
CGRect rc = CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);
[imageView setFrame:rc];
[self.view insertSubview:imageView atIndex:0];
[imageView release];
Instruments shows 100% and a memory leak at line two in the above code, which was not the case in xcode 4.6. I am working now with xCode 5 on osx 10.8.5
It seems, that i properly release the allocated UIImageView (line 7) which gets inserted in my view at line 6, so i can't see why intruments is bringing up a memory leak warning.
Does anybody know why instuments brings up that (in my opinion) wrong information?
EDIT: here's the instruments-screenshot with the allocation-summary of my leaked object:
The UIKit and QuartzCore are retaining my object, which is the reason for my leaking UIImageView (or am I wrong with this assumption?).
The UIImageView is inserted to the view (a UIViewController), which is referenced in my xib-file. How can control what happens with my added UIImageView after adding it to 'self.view'?
I had the same issue with Xcode 5 on iOS 7. After some experimentation I noticed that Instruments does not show a mem leak when running against the iOS 6.1 simulator or against a device (iPhone 5s) running iOS 7. Based on these I can only conclude that this is a false positive and a bug in the iOS 7 simulator.
EDIT: This issue no longer occurs after I updated to Xcode 5.0.1 and OS X Mavericks (I'm guessing it's the first that fixed it but can't tell for sure).
Instruments is showing the line of code that triggered the allocation of the leaked object and not why the object was actually leaked. Turn on reference count tracking and look at all the retain/release events on that image view. There'll be an extra retain (or a missing release).
I notice that this is happening on your RootViewController instance. Is this really the top level view controller (e.g. one that you never dismiss/pop)? If so, this Allocations Summary correctly telling you that the image view is still alive, and it's curious it's reported as a leak.
If the view controller has been dismissed, though, then you have a genuine leak (though the problem does not rest in the code in your question: you've done that correctly). Your Allocations Summary proves that your UIImageView is never getting destroyed. If the view controller was correctly dismissed and deallocated, the image view's Allocations Summary should look like:
Note, when I pop the view controller (28 seconds in my Profiling session), the view is getting deallocated, and thus the UIImageView is, too (see the two highlighted lines).
You can draw two conclusions from your Allocations Summary:
It doesn't show any other retains on your UIImageView suggests that this image view is not the problem at all. It is not the case that you accidentally over-retained this image view somewhere.
The fact that you don't see the removeFromSuperview, suggests that your superview, itself, is never getting deallocated.
So, the question is whether your RootViewController has been removed from the view controller hierarchy or not. If so, then you have a leak or retain cycle, probably of the view controller itself, not this image view.
By the way, it sounds like you're already familiar with these topics, but I often refer people to WWDC 2012 video iOS App Performance: Memory, which not only describes many memory issues, but also demonstrates the use of Instruments for tracking these down (e.g. notably heapshots).
I started having the same issues and I was looking into imageNamed. I found that in the past there were memory issues. I finally ended up using [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:actualPath] where actualPath comes from the main bundle.
I think #mishod has the correct answer.
I tested and yes UIImageView setImage indeed leaks!
If you cycle through a bunch of images with
[yourImageView setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:#"sampleImage.png"]];
you can see on instruments memory usage increasing.
This seems to be some kind of caching going around since after
cycling through all the images memory usage will go flat.
The correct, or at least, the non leaky way to do it is:
NSString *thePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:#"sampleImage" ofType:#"png"];
UIImage *newImage = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:thePath];
[yourImageView setImage:newImage];
I verified this on my code as my APP was cycling through a lot
of large image files.
Just a suggestion. Don't run Instruments on simulator. Do it on a device. There's a lot of difference and you see better/relevant results. Eg. Simulator has a lot more memory than a real device may have.
Related
I have an iOS application that uses a UINavigationController to move forwards (push) and backwards (pop) in a fairly simple master/detail fashion.
The detail view controller has 2 or 3 full screen images that I add manually using
layer1 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:layer1Rect];//layer1rect is a CGRect
UIImage *img1 = [[UIImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:imgName];//imgName is an image in the bundle
layer1.image = img1;
layer1.alpha = 1;
[self.view addSubview:layer1];
img1 = nil;
In my viewDidUnload I have
for (UIView *subview in [self.view subviews]) {
[subview removeFromSuperview];
}
layer1 = nil;
layer2 = nil;
layer3 = nil;
The problem I have is that after pushing and popping a dozen times, I get a memory warning and a crash.
I'm using ARC, though from what I've read elsewhere that's unlikely to be the source of the problem in itself.
When I run the app in instruments (on the device, rather than the simulator) I see some interesting results.
First of all, the memory allocation tool shows less than 2MB of memory usage and no leaks, right up to the warnings and the crash. I can also see that my instance of the detail view controller gets released when I do the pop.
However, if I look at the Activity Monitor I see the usage start at around 50MB and continue to increase every time I push to the detail view controller until it crashes at around 250MB.
I thought that maybe the images were being cached, but I'm not using imageName: anywhere, which is a common cause of caching.
So what am I missing? How can I ensure that when I pop the detail view controller off the stack that all of the memory it was using is made available again?
viewDidUnload is called if your controller's view is evicted from memory due to a low-memory warning. Dropping the view and loading it again later was how UIViewControllers dealt with low-memory warnings under iOS 2–5.
Under iOS 6 the view controller never drops its view. So you never get viewDidUnload. In your case that'll mean you add another UIImage every time the first block of code is running (I assume it's not in viewDidLoad?). The old one won't be deallocated because it has a superview; that you're releasing your reference to it makes no difference.
Furthermore, the initWithContentsOfFile: would be better expressed as [UIImage imageNamed:] as the latter explicitly caches the images whereas the former reloads from disk every time, creating a new copy of the pixel contents.
So the recommended changes are to change this:
layer1 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:layer1Rect];
To this:
[layer1 removeFromSuperview];
layer1 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:layer1Rect];
If you have an existing layer1 in your view hierarchy that'll ensure it is deallocated when you implicitly release your reference to it on the initWithFrame: line.
Also:
UIImage *img1 = [[UIImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:imgName];
Would be better as:
UIImage *img1 = [UIImage imageNamed:imgName];
As then multiple uses of the image with that filename throughout your app will definitely all point to the same instance, but it'll still be removed from memory if warnings require it.
As for diagnosis, try turning on NSZombies. NSZombies causes deallocated objects to remain alive and is normally used so that you can catch uses of dangling pointers. In this case what you could do is turn on zombies and see whether it changes your memory footprint substantially. If not then that confirms that you're not actually deallocating things.
Activity Monitor is not necessarily a reliable measure — the iOS frameworks use NSCaches where appropriate and neither OSes bother taking memory away from a process if there's nobody to give it to, as that would just be a pointless expenditure of processing. You should use Instruments, especially as it can break down what is in memory by type and count, letting you know not just your total count but what you're spending memory on.
That's the same logic that explains why imageNamed: is usually a better choice despite your comments. Images you have previously loaded remain in memory for as long as there is spare memory to house them. They don't stay around if memory warnings are received and nobody is using them. Only if your responses to memory warnings are really expensive need it be a concern, and usually it helps avoid memory warnings by ensuring that reused resources have the same identity rather than being copies.
I appear to have a memory management issue when I create UIImage instances the CGImages are not being released.
I have a paging UIScrollView to scroll through a series of JPG images. Below is my entire class that is a page view in the paging scroll view.
The code is being run on the main thread. The code uses ARC. I have tried loading the images using imageWithContentsOfFile: (returns an autoreleased object) as well as initWithContentsOfFile:(returns a retained object). I have tried #autoreleasepool and using performSelectorOnMainThread to ensure that the code is being run on main thread as suggested in other posts.
When scrolling through the images memory usage just grows until the app gets terminated as illustrated in the screenshot from instruments. Note the high allocation to image io.
Screenshot showing virtual memory usage
In the following screenshot it can be seen that the GTGImageScrollerPageViews, UIImageViews and UIImages are being deallocated. Notice there are Transitory objects for these numbering in the high 300's. However the CGImages are not being released and the number of CGImages living is in the high 400's and 0 Transitory.
Screenshot showing allocations
EDIT: Previously I had been recycling and re-using GTGImageScrollerPageView instances in the ScrollView as is the common pattern for scrollviews like this. In order to simplify while trying to debug this problem I allow the entire GTGImageScrollerPageView to be deallocated after it has been displayed in the ScrollView. As you can see in the second image above, there are only 4 GTGImageScrollerPageView living and 377 transitory, there are also 388 UIImageViews and 389 UIIMages listed as transitory so it appears that the UIImageViews and UIImages are being deallocated fine.
If I manually release the CGImage with CGImageRelease (Commented out in the code below) the CGImages are released. I know that I should not do this because I do not own the CGImage but this is useful to verify that this is where the problem is occurring. The screenshots below show the same code tested in Instruments but with CGImageRelease uncommented.
Screenshot showing virtual memory usage with CGImageRelease used
Screenshot showing allocations with CGImageRelease used
In the profiling outputs where CGImageRelease is used, you can see that the correct number of CGImage objects are Living and Transitory and that memory does not grow unbounded. Furthermore the app does not crash during usage with CGImageRelease used.
If this were some system caching of CGImage then it should release the memory when a memory warning is raised, but it doesn't. Memory just continues to grow.
What here could be causing this unbounded growth in memory?
Here is the code for the page view
EDIT: In response to comments I have updated the code to simplify further thus eliminating distractions such as ivars and properties that are not needed to demonstrate the problem. The problem remains unchanged and the results are the same when profiling. I have also added in the NSLog which also outputs the thread. I do see the dealloc being called as expected on the GTGImageScrollerPageView and it is always thread #1 and the call to displayAspectThumbImage is always on thread #1.
I really dont believe that there is anything wrong with the code that is presented here and this is confirmed by the generous effort of Rob. Something else is causing this but all the code related to loading and displaying the image is here; there is no other code in effect here. The only other notable thing that I could think of raising is that the displayAspectThumbImage method is called from scrollViewDidScroll and scrollViewDidEndDecellerating methods of the scrollview delegate but the fact that the methods are called on the main thread should exclude autorelease issues due to being run on another thread.
I have checked and NSZombies is not enabled and there are no Zombies increasing my memory usage. Indeed when the CGImageRelease method is called the memory usage is pretty flat as can be seen in the screenshot above.
#implementation GTGImageScrollerPageView
- (void)dealloc {
NSLog(#"%s %#", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- (void)displayAspectThumbImage:(NSString *)path {
NSLog(#"%s %#", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, [NSThread currentThread]);
UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:self.bounds];
[self addSubview:imageView];
UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
[imageView setImage:image];
//If uncommented CGImages are disposed correctly
//CGImageRelease([imageView.image CGImage]);
}
#end
Tested on:
iOS 6.1.4
iOS 5.0.1
Really sorry to be answering this question myself but thought it would be useful to share my experience.
It turned out to be a category on UIImage that was part of a third party library I was using. I wont name the library as I have tested with the latest version and the problem is not there so there is nothing to gain by naming the library.
It is particularly strange as the library was not being used anywhere near the code that was leaking. It was only being used in one place in the whole project, but any time I used a UIImage it seems that it was affecting the UIImage instance. The mere presence of this category in the project was enough. This came as a real surprise.
The way I solved this was to begin by simulating the scenario in a new project and found that the code was not leaking there. I then migrated the code a little at a time and when I moved the categories across the leak appeared.
Huge thanks to Rob for his generous efforts to help me with this and even though he did not provide the solution directly, talking to him was really helpful in solving the problem. Nice to know there are such cool people out there.
I did a simple infinite scroller using your code and after scrolling through nearly 100 images the memory usage was, as one would have expected, thoroughly uneventful:
Looking at your source, I would have recommended a few little things (e.g. I would have put aspectImageView into a private class extension rather than the .h, I assume you're setting pageIndex from the calling routine but I'd add it as a parameter of displayAspectThumbImage, I would have made aspectImageView a weak property and refactor the code accordingly (e.g. create image view, add it as subview, then set the weak imageview property to point to this object), etc.), but none of those have direct bearing on your issue here.
Bottom line, your problem does not rest in the code you've shared with us.
Try to use property instead of ivar.
#property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *aspectImageView;
I have an application and I am profiling it. I am quite new to instrument and I am quite new ios developer as well. I am working with ios6 and I have a very unusual leak. I create a category on UIImage and added helper methods to return the image for using capinsets. My category looks like this,
#implementation UIImage (Helpers)
+(UIImage*)resizableImageWithName:(NSString *)imageName andCapInsets:(UIEdgeInsets)insets{
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName];
return [image resizableImageWithCapInsets:insets];
}
#end
The instrument shows 3/4 leaks in this area, the same place and I could not figure out the reason for it. Is it that, I have to release the new image I created inside the category, if I release it what am I going to return ? Could any one please explain the reason that I am leaking memory here.
And I used it like this;
[self.progressView setTrackImage:[UIImage resizableImageWithName:#"progress_bar_background.png" andCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(2, 2, 2, 2)]];
Is there something wrong in using this method in this way ?
The method that Instruments shows you is the place where the leaked memory is allocated -- not necessarily the place where the memory is leaked. Indeed your method is correct as to memory management.
Thus, you better inspect how you handle the returned UIImage object... possibly, if this hint does not help you finding the leak cause, post some more code.
Now i 've got a project with ARC, which use over 6m memory on pushing chat ViweController(UItableview with custom cells). I have no idea about why it happening. The most interesting that i cant identify for what reason it needs too much memory. So this is my Instruments screenshot:
In more detail view it looks like:
I think libRip.A.dylib needs too much memory. Have you got any ideas about it?
And please explain me what is and strange libRip.A.dylib library?
According to this that libRIP call is responsible for drawing a UIViewController with a background image.
EDIT:
Apparently this problem happens when you're setting a view's backgroundColor using [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:].
A way around it is to use a UIImageView as background instead. As described here.
I have an app that's been running fine in the App Store for 6 months or so, but none of its images (downloaded from a web site via "NSURLConnection initWithRequest") show up in iOS 4.3. It turns out that I have a line of code that looks like this:
UIImage *img = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:data];
and shortly thereafter, to get ready for the next image, I do this:
data.length = 0;
When I comment out setting the length to zero (deferring it until the download of the next image begins), it works on iOS 4.3.
I've checked carefully to make sure there's no buffer interference, but each of my images is in its own instance of an object that has the buffer (data) as an instance variable.
It seems to me that in iOS 4.3 the initWithData implementation is not completely finished with the data when the method returns. Perhaps some work is being deferred until the UIImage is assigned to the UIImageView, which happens a bit later? Maybe even deferred until the UIImage is rendered?
Can anyone shed light on this seemingly-new behavior in iOS 4.3?
I think your analysis sounds about right. It's easy to imagine the kind of small change that would cause this, for example UIImage may have been changed to retain the data rather than copy it, or something like that. I'd file a bug with Apple to make sure that someone notices the issue, and then work around it by changing your code to:
UIImage *img = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:[[data copy] autorelease]];
At least, I assume that'd work around it. It'd be very interesting if it doesn't... please let us know one way or the other.