stacks Assignment how to match bracket left and right - stack

its been a week im trying to figure out how to finish this assignment. Its kind of not clear how to connect my if statements with stacks.
here is my codes, its made of 3 files
the assignment problem is, brackets and parenthesis should match, which means if we have left bracket, after that should be right one, otherwise it will say not valid.
i'll be very happy any hint or fixes.
cstack.h file
#include <iostream>
class FullStack{};
class EmptyStack{};
class cstack
{
private:
int top; // Index to top of the stack
char data[21]; // The stack
public:
cstack(); // Class constructor
void Push(char); // Push an item onto the stack
void Pop(); // Pop an item from the stack
bool Top();
bool IsEmpty(); // Return true if stack is empty
bool IsFull(); // Return true if stack is full
};
cstack.cpp file
#include <iostream>
#include "cstack.h"
#include <stack>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
cstack::cstack()
{
top = -1;
}
bool cstack::IsEmpty()
{
return (top == -1);
}
bool cstack::IsFull()
{
return (top == 21);
}
void cstack::Push(char newItem)
{
if (IsFull())
{
throw FullStack();
}
top++;
data[top] = newItem;
}
void cstack::Pop()
{
if(IsEmpty())
{
throw EmptyStack();
}
top--;
}
bool cstack::Top()
{
if (IsEmpty())
{
throw EmptyStack();
}
return data[top];
}
test.cpp file
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
#include "cstack.h"
bool isValidExpression (cstack&, char*);
int main (void)
{
char expression[21];
cstack stack1;
cout<< "Enter an expression: ";
cin >>expression;
if (isValidExpression (stack1, expression))
{
cout << "\nIt's a valid expression\n\n";
}
else
{
cout << "\nIt's NOT a valid expression\n\n";
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
bool isValidExpression (cstack& stackA, char* strExp)
{
for(int i = 0; i < 21 ; i++)
{
if( strExp[stackA.Top()] == '[' || strExp[stackA.Top()] == '{' || strExp[stackA.Top()] == '(')
{
stackA.Push( strExp[i] );
}
if( strExp[stackA.Top()] == ']' || strExp[stackA.Top()] == '}' || strExp[stackA.Top()] == ')')
{
if(strExp[i] == '[' && strExp[stackA.Top()] == ']')
{
return true;
}else
{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}

For this problem you normaly do this:
take each char from the input
push every opening bracket on the stack
if you get a closing bracket check top element of your stack.
if that element is the right opening bracket remove it from stack.
if that element is not the right opening bracket return false.
As Nikhil mentioned in the comment, normaly pop() should return the popped element, but in following code I used your stack.
for(int i = 0; i < 21 ; i++)
{
if(strExp[i] == '[' || strExp[i] == '{' || strExp[i] == '(')
{
stackA.Push( strExp[i] );
}
if( strExp[i] == ']')
{
if(!stackA.IsEmpty && stackA.Top() == '[')
{
stackA.Pop();
} else {
return false;
}
}
if( strExp[i] == '}')
{
if(!stackA.IsEmpty && stackA.Top() == '{')
{
stackA.Pop();
} else {
return false;
}
}
if( strExp[i] == ')')
{
if(!stackA.IsEmpty && stackA.Top() == '(')
{
stackA.Pop();
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
edit:
when using ´pop()´ whenever we find a matching closing bracket we make sure, that on top of the stack there is always the last opened bracket. You can close that bracket or open another one, but you can't close earlier brackets.
The error you described occurs when you find a closing bracket and have an empty stack. So you have to check that first. if(!stackA.IsEmpty && stackA.Top == '['). See my edited code. Normaly with this code "[]" should be valid, i'll doublecheck and tell you, if i find another mistake.

Related

CS50 pset5 Speller [2022] - " :( program is free of memory errors"

I get error ":( program is free of memory errors valgrind tests failed; see log for more information."
Here is my code:
// Implements a dictionary's functionality
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "dictionary.h"
// Represents a node in a hash table
typedef struct node
{
char word[LENGTH + 1];
struct node *next;
}
node;
// TODO: Choose number of buckets in hash table
const unsigned int N = 26;
// Hash table
node *table[N];
//Declare variables
unsigned int word_count;
unsigned int hash_value;
// Returns true if word is in dictionary, else false
bool check(const char *word)
{
// TODO
hash_value = hash(word);
node *cursor = table[hash_value];
// Go in link list
while (cursor != 0)
{
if (strcasecmp(word, cursor->word) == 0)
{
return true;
}
cursor = cursor->next;
}
return false;
}
// Hashes word to a number
unsigned int hash(const char *word)
{
// TODO: Improve this hash function
unsigned long total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(word); i++)
{
total += tolower(word[i]);
}
return total % N;
}
// Loads dictionary into memory, returning true if successful, else false
bool load(const char *dictionary)
{
// Open dictionary
FILE *file = fopen(dictionary, "r");
// it would be null if cant be open
if (file == NULL)
{
printf("Unable to open %s\n", dictionary);
return false;
}
// Declare variable words
char word[LENGTH + 1];
//Scan dictionary for strings up until EOF
while (fscanf(file, "%s", word) != EOF)
{
node *n = malloc(sizeof(node));
if (n == NULL)
{
return false;
}
//copy wordds into node
strcpy(n->word, word);
hash_value = hash(word);
n->next = table[hash_value];
table[hash_value] = n;
word_count++;
}
fclose(file);
return true;
}
// Returns number of words in dictionary if loaded, else 0 if not yet loaded
unsigned int size(void)
{
if (word_count > 0)
{
return word_count;
}
return 0;
}
// Unloads dictionary from memory, returning true if successful, else false
bool unload(void)
{
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
node *cursor = table[i];
while (cursor)
{
node *tmp = cursor;
cursor = cursor->next;
free(tmp);
}
if (cursor == NULL)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
Here are the errors in valgrind check50:
program is free of memory errors valgrind tests failed; see log for more information.
Here is ERR log:
56 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 1: (file: dictionary.c, line: 80)
And 80th line code is:
while (fscanf(file, "%s", word) != EOF)
{
node *n = malloc(sizeof(node));
if (n == NULL)
{
return false;
}
unload will free one index and return to speller because of this if (cursor == NULL) block. The last node in an index should set cursor to NULL, so function is done. That conditional should be eliminated. There is really no condition in unload that should return false.

Using fgets and strtok to read in data and create linked list

Need some help with reading in lines of data from a text file using the fgets and string tokenization commands, which will then be used to create a linked list. I've followed some examples I've found on Stack Overflow and other tutorial websites, but still cannot get the read function below to work properly in my program, it just causes it to crash. The data file has lines like this:
Zucchini, Squash, pound, 2.19, 45
Yellow, Squash, pound, 1.79, 15
Based on everything I've read, I believe I have the necessary code, but obviously I'm missing something. Also, I commented out one of the fields (the one for float price) as I'm not sure what to use to copy the float value from the data, as I cannot treat it as a string (the integer value right below it seems to let me get away with it in my compiler).
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
// Struct for linked list node
struct produceItem
{
char produce[20];
char type[20];
char soldBy[20];
float price;
int quantityInStock;
struct produceItem *next;
};
// Function to read in data from file to
void read(struct produceItem **head)
{
struct produceItem *temp = NULL;
struct produceItem *right = NULL;
//char ch[3];
char line[50];
char *value;
FILE *data = fopen("RecitationFiveInput.txt", "r");
printf("Trying to open file RecitationFiveInput.txt\n");
if (data == NULL)
{
printf("Could not open file RecitationFiveInput.txt\n");
}
else
{
while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), data))
{
value = strtok(line, ", ");
strcpy(temp->produce, strdup(value));
value = strtok(NULL, ", ");
strcpy(temp->type, strdup(value));
value = strtok(NULL, ", ");
strcpy(temp->soldBy, strdup(value));
//value = strtok(NULL, ", ");
//strcpy(temp->price, strdup(value));
value = strtok(NULL, " \n");
strcpy(temp->quantityInStock, strdup(value));
temp->next = NULL;
if (*head == NULL)
{
*head = temp;
}
else
{
right = *head;
while(right->next != NULL)
{
right = right->next;
}
right->next = temp;
}
}
printf("Successfully opened file RecitationFiveInput.txt\n");
}
fclose(data);
return;
}
// Function to display the nodes of the linked list that contains the data from the data file
void display(struct produceItem *head)
{
int value = 1;
struct produceItem *temp = NULL;
temp = head;
printf("=============================================================================\n");
printf(" Item # Produce Type Sold By Price In Stock\n");
printf("=============================================================================\n");
if(temp == NULL)
{
return;
}
else
{
while(temp != NULL)
{
printf(" %d %s %s %s %lf %d\n", value, temp->produce, temp->type, temp->soldBy, temp->price, temp->quantityInStock);
value++;
temp = temp->next;
if(temp == NULL)
{
break;
}
}
}
return;
}
//Main function
int main()
{
int input = 0;
struct produceItem *head = NULL;
while(1)
{
printf("\nList Operations\n");
printf("=================\n");
printf("1. Stock Produce Department\n");
printf("2. Display Produce Inventory\n");
printf("3. Reverse Order of Produce Inventory\n");
printf("4. Export Produce Inventory\n");
printf("5. Exit Program\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
if(scanf("%d", &input) <= 0)
{
printf("Enter only an integer.\n");
exit(0);
}
else
{
switch(input)
{
case 1:
read(&head);
break;
case 2:
display(head);
break;
case 3:
//function
break;
case 4:
//function
break;
case 5:
printf("You have exited the program, Goodbye!\n");
return 0;
break;
default:
printf("Invalid option.\n");
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Never mind everyone, found the issue. The crashes were due to me not allocating memory for the temp pointer in the read me function.

glib-2.0: g_spawn_command_line_sync() - unknown stdout length

function g_spawn_command_line_sync() has argument "gchar **standard_output":
https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync
I need read binary data from standard_output, but I not known length of standard_output.
Function g_spawn_command_line_sync():
http://fossies.org/dox/glib-2.38.2/gspawn-win32_8c_source.html#l01452
execute:
GString *outstr = NULL;
*standard_output = g_string_free (outstr, FALSE);
Struct GString include "gsize len", but g_spawn_command_line_sync() accessible only "gchar **".
I have next solution. I write size of stdout to stderr, which not using.
Example code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <glib.h>
int main()
{
gint exit_status = 0;
gchar *p_stdout = NULL;
gchar *p_stderr = NULL;
GError *p_error = NULL;
gboolean result;
result = g_spawn_command_line_sync("./make_image.py", &p_stdout, &p_stderr, &exit_status, &p_error);
if (!result) {
if (p_error != NULL) {
printf(p_error->message);
}
else {
printf("ERROR: Command not run\n");
}
}
else if (exit_status != 0) {
printf(p_stderr);
}
else {
int size = atoi(p_stderr);
gchar *p_c = p_stdout;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
fputc(*p_c++, stdout);
}
//printf(p_stdout);
}
if (p_stdout) {
g_free(p_stdout);
}
if (p_stderr) {
g_free(p_stderr);
}
if (p_error) {
g_error_free(p_error);
}
return 0;
}
Use g_spawn_async_with_pipes. Reading binary data from file descriptors is easy. If you really need to detect when the child exits, add a callback using g_child_watch_add or g_child_watch_add_full, but you can probably get away with just reading the descriptor until it returns an error.

How does a Lex & Yacc parser output values?

So for a project that I'm working on, I am using Lex and Yacc to parse a FTP configuration file. The configuration files look something like this:
global {
num_daemons = 10
etc = /etc/ftpd
};
host "ftp-1.foobar.com" {
ftproot = /var/ftp/server1
max_out_bandwidth = 20.7
};
host "ftp-2.foobar.com" {
ftproot = /var/ftp/server2
exclude = /var/ftp/server2/private
};
host "ftp-3.foobar.com" {
ftproot = /var/ftp/server3
};
Now, my question is, how do I obtain this information in a usable way? Let's say I wanted to put things like the address after the host token into a struct. How would I do that? Also, how would I simply print out the values that I've parsed to the command line? Also, to run it, do I just cat the config file and pipe in the compiled c program? Thanks in advance for any help!
Here is my code:
%{
// tokens.l
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "y.tab.h"
int yyparse();
%}
%option noyywrap
%x OPTION
%x OPTID
%%
<INITIAL>global { return GLOBAL; }
<INITIAL>host { return HOST; }
<INITIAL>"[a-zA-z1-9./-]+" { return NAME; }
<INITIAL>\{ { return CURLY_OPEN; BEGIN OPTION; }
<INITIAL>\n { return EOLN; }
<INITIAL><<EOF>> { return EOFTOK; }
<OPTION>[a-zA-z1-9./-_]+ { return ID_NAME; BEGIN OPTID; }
<OPTION>[\t] {}
<OPTION>[\};] { return OPTION_CLOSE; BEGIN INITIAL;}
<OPTID>[a-zA-z1-9./-]+ { return ID_STRING; BEGIN OPTION; }
<OPTID>[0-9.]+ { return ID_NUM; BEGIN OPTION; }
<OPTID>[\n] { return EOLN; }
%%
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
// Where I am confused..
}
and my yacc file:
%{
// parse.y
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int yyerror(char *);
int yylex(void);
%}
%token ERROR EOLN EOFTOK
%token OPTION_CLOSE GLOBAL HOST NAME ID_NAME ID_STRING ID_NUM CURLY_OPEN
%%
input
: lines EOFTOK { YYACCEPT; }
;
lines
:
| lines line
;
line
: option
| opident
| OPTION_CLOSE
;
option
: GLOBAL CURLY_OPEN
| HOST NAME CURLY_OPEN
;
opident
: ID_NAME '=' ID_STRING
| ID_NAME '=' ID_NUM
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg) {}
You would generally have variables which were accessible and set up before calling the parser, like a linked list of key/value pairs:
typedef struct sNode {
char *key;
char *val;
struct sNode *next;
} tNode;
tNode *lookupHead = NULL;
Then, in your Yacc code, something like:
opident
: ID_NAME '=' ID_STRING { addLookupStr (lookupHead, $1, $3); }
| ID_NAME '=' ID_NUM { other function call here }
;
This would basically execute that code as the rules are found (replacing the $ variables with the item in the rule, $1 is the value for the ID_NAME token, $2 is the =, and so on).
The function would be something like:
void addLookupStr (char *newkey, char *newval) {
// Check for duplicate keys, then attempt to add. All premature returns
// should also be logging errors and setting error flags as needed.
tNode *curr = lookupHead;
while (curr != NULL) {
if (strcmp (curr->key, newkey) == 0)
return;
curr = curr->next;
}
if ((curr = malloc (sizeof (tNode))) == NULL)
return;
if ((curr->key = strdup (newkey)) == NULL) {
free (curr);
return;
}
if ((curr->val = strdup (newval)) == NULL) {
free (curr->newkey);
free (curr);
return;
}
// All possibly-failing ops complete, insert at head of list.
curr->next = lookupHead;
lookupHead = curr;
}

Creating a Brainfuck parser, whats the best method of parsing loop operators?

I'm creating a Brainfuck parser (in a BASIC dialect) ultimately to create an interpreter but i've realise it's not as straight forward as i first thought. My problem is that i need a way to accurately parse the matching loop operators within a Brainfuck program. This is an example program:
,>,>++++++++[<------<------>>-]
<<[>[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<<-]
>>>++++++[<++++++++>-],<.>.
'[' = start of loop
']' = end of loop
I need to record the start and end point of each matching loop operator so i can jump around the source as needed. Some loops are alone, some are nested.
What would be the best way to parse this? I was thinking maybe move through the source file creating a 2D array (or such like) recording the start and end positions of each matching operator, but this seems like a lot of 'to'ing and fro'ing' through the source. Is this the best way to do it?
More info: Brainfuck homepage
EDIT: Sample code in any language greatly appreciated.
Have you considered using a Stack data structure to record "jump points" (i.e. the location of the instruction pointer).
So basically, every time you encounter a "[" you push the current location of the instruction pointer on this stack. Whenever you encounter a "]" you reset the instruction pointer to the value that's currently on the top of the stack. When a loop is complete, you pop it off the stack.
Here is an example in C++ with 100 memory cells. The code handles nested loops recursively and although it is not refined it should illustrate the concepts..
char cells[100] = {0}; // define 100 memory cells
char* cell = cells; // set memory pointer to first cell
char* ip = 0; // define variable used as "instruction pointer"
void interpret(static char* program, int* stack, int sp)
{
int tmp;
if(ip == 0) // if the instruction pointer hasn't been initialized
ip = program; // now would be a good time
while(*ip) // this runs for as long as there is valid brainF**k 'code'
{
if(*ip == ',')
*cell = getch();
else if(*ip == '.')
putch(*cell);
else if(*ip == '>')
cell++;
else if(*ip == '<')
cell--;
else if(*ip == '+')
*cell = *cell + 1;
else if(*ip == '-')
*cell = *cell - 1;
else if(*ip == '[')
{
stack[sp+1] = ip - program;
*ip++;
while(*cell != 0)
{
interpret(program, stack, sp + 1);
}
tmp = sp + 1;
while((tmp >= (sp + 1)) || *ip != ']')
{
*ip++;
if(*ip == '[')
stack[++tmp] = ip - program;
else if(*ip == ']')
tmp--;
}
}
else if(*ip == ']')
{
ip = program + stack[sp] + 1;
break;
}
*ip++; // advance instruction
}
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int stack[100] = {0}; // use a stack of 100 levels, modeled using a simple array
interpret(",>,>++++++++[<------<------>>-]<<[>[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<<-]>>>++++++[<++++++++>-],<.>.", stack, 0);
return 0;
}
EDIT
I just went over the code again and I realized there was a bug in the while loop that would 'skip' parsed loops if the value of the pointer is 0. This is where I made the change:
while((tmp >= (sp + 1)) || *ip != ']') // the bug was tmp > (sp + 1)
{
ip++;
if(*ip == '[')
stack[++tmp] = ip - program;
else if(*ip == ']')
tmp--;
}
Below is an implementation of the same parser but without using recursion:
char cells[100] = {0};
void interpret(static char* program)
{
int cnt; // cnt is a counter that is going to be used
// only when parsing 0-loops
int stack[100] = {0}; // create a stack, 100 levels deep - modeled
// using a simple array - and initialized to 0
int sp = 0; // sp is going to be used as a 'stack pointer'
char* ip = program; // ip is going to be used as instruction pointer
// and it is initialized at the beginning or program
char* cell = cells; // cell is the pointer to the 'current' memory cell
// and as such, it is initialized to the first
// memory cell
while(*ip) // as long as ip point to 'valid code' keep going
{
if(*ip == ',')
*cell = getch();
else if(*ip == '.')
putch(*cell);
else if(*ip == '>')
cell++;
else if(*ip == '<')
cell--;
else if(*ip == '+')
*cell = *cell + 1;
else if(*ip == '-')
*cell = *cell - 1;
else if(*ip == '[')
{
if(stack[sp] != ip - program)
stack[++sp] = ip - program;
*ip++;
if(*cell != 0)
continue;
else
{
cnt = 1;
while((cnt > 0) || *ip != ']')
{
*ip++;
if(*ip == '[')
cnt++;
else if(*ip == ']')
cnt--;
}
sp--;
}
}else if(*ip == ']')
{
ip = program + stack[sp];
continue;
}
*ip++;
}
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
// define our program code here..
char *prg = ",>++++++[<-------->-],[<+>-]<.";
interpret(prg);
return 0;
}
Interesting enough, just a couple days ago, I was writing a brainf*ck interpreter in Java.
One of the issues I was having was that the explanation of the commands at the official page was insufficient, and did not mention the part about nested loops. The Wikipedia page on Brainf*ck has a Commands subsection which describes the correct behavior.
Basically to summarize the problem, the official page says when an instruction is a [ and the current memory location is 0, then jump to the next ]. The correct behavior is to jump to the corresponding ], not the next one.
One way to achieve this behavior is to keep track of the level of nesting. I ended up implementing this by having a counter which kept track of the nesting level.
The following is part of the interpreter's main loop:
do {
if (inst[pc] == '>') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == '<') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == '+') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == '-') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == '.') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == ',') { ... }
else if (inst[pc] == '[') {
if (memory[p] == 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
++pc;
if (inst[pc] == '[') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && inst[pc] == ']') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (inst[pc] == ']' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
}
else if (inst[pc] == ']') {
if (memory[p] != 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
--pc;
if (inst[pc] == ']') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && inst[pc] == '[') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (inst[pc] == '[' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
}
} while (++pc < inst.length);
Here is the legend for the variable names:
memory -- the memory cells for the data.
p -- pointer to the current memory cell location.
inst -- an array holding the instructions.
pc -- program counter; points to the current instruction.
nesting -- level of the nesting of the current loop. nesting of 0 means that the current location is not in a nested loop.
Basically, when a loop opening [ is encountered, the current memory location is checked to see if the value is 0. If that is the case, a while loop is entered to jump to the corresponding ].
The way the nesting is handled is as follows:
If an [ is encountered while seeking for the corresponding loop closing ], then the nesting variable is incremented by 1 in order to indicate that we have entered a nested loop.
If an ] is encountered, and:
a. If the nesting variable is greater than 0, then the nesting variable is decremented by 1 to indicate that we've left a nested loop.
b. If the nesting variable is 0, then we know that the end of the loop has been encountered, so seeking the end of the loop in the while loop is terminated by executing a break statement.
Now, the next part is to handle the closing of the loop by ]. Similar to the opening of the loop, it will use the nesting counter in order to determine the current nesting level of the loop, and try to find the corresponding loop opening [.
This method may not be the most elegant way to do things, but it seems like it is resource-friendly because it only requires one extra variable to use as a counter for the current nesting level.
(Of course, "resource-friendly" is ignoring the fact that this interpreter was written in Java -- I just wanted to write some quick code and Java just happened to be what I wrote it in.)
The canonical method for parsing a context-free grammar is to use a stack. Anything else and you're working too hard and risking correctness.
You may want to use a parser generator like cup or yacc, as a lot of the dirty work is done for you, but with a language as simple as BF, it may be overkill.
Each time you find a '[', push the current position (or another "marker" token or a "context") on a stack. When you come accross a ']', you're at the end of the loop, and you can pop the marker token from the stack.
Since in BF the '[' already checks for a condition and may need jump past the ']', you may want to have a flag indicating that instructions shall be skipped in the current loop context.
Python 3.0 example of the stack algorithm described by the other posters:
program = """
,>,>++++++++[<------<------>>-]
<<[>[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<<-]
>>>++++++[<++++++++>-],<.>.
"""
def matching_brackets(program):
stack = []
for p, c in enumerate(program, start=1):
if c == '[':
stack.append(p)
elif c == ']':
yield (stack.pop(), p)
print(list(matching_brackets(''.join(program.split()))))
(Well, to be honest, this only finds matching brackets. I don't know brainf*ck, so what to do next, I have no idea.)
And here's the same code I gave as an example earlier in C++, but ported to VB.NET. I decided to post it here since Gary mentioned he was trying to write his parser in a BASIC dialect.
Public cells(100) As Byte
Sub interpret(ByVal prog As String)
Dim program() As Char
program = prog.ToCharArray() ' convert the input program into a Char array
Dim cnt As Integer = 0 ' a counter to be used when skipping over 0-loops
Dim stack(100) As Integer ' a simple array to be used as stack
Dim sp As Integer = 0 ' stack pointer (current stack level)
Dim ip As Integer = 0 ' Instruction pointer (index of current instruction)
Dim cell As Integer = 0 ' index of current memory
While (ip < program.Length) ' loop over the program
If (program(ip) = ",") Then
cells(cell) = CByte(AscW(Console.ReadKey().KeyChar))
ElseIf (program(ip) = ".") Then
Console.Write("{0}", Chr(cells(cell)))
ElseIf (program(ip) = ">") Then
cell = cell + 1
ElseIf (program(ip) = "<") Then
cell = cell - 1
ElseIf (program(ip) = "+") Then
cells(cell) = cells(cell) + 1
ElseIf (program(ip) = "-") Then
cells(cell) = cells(cell) - 1
ElseIf (program(ip) = "[") Then
If (stack(sp) <> ip) Then
sp = sp + 1
stack(sp) = ip
End If
ip = ip + 1
If (cells(cell) <> 0) Then
Continue While
Else
cnt = 1
While ((cnt > 0) Or (program(ip) <> "]"))
ip = ip + 1
If (program(ip) = "[") Then
cnt = cnt + 1
ElseIf (program(ip) = "]") Then
cnt = cnt - 1
End If
End While
sp = sp - 1
End If
ElseIf (program(ip) = "]") Then
ip = stack(sp)
Continue While
End If
ip = ip + 1
End While
End Sub
Sub Main()
' invoke the interpreter
interpret(",>++++++[<-------->-],[<+>-]<.")
End Sub
I don't have sample code, but.
I might try using a stack, along with an algorithm like this:
(executing instruction stream)
Encounter a [
If the pointer == 0, then keep reading until you encounter the ']', and don't execute any instructions until you reach it.. Goto step 1.
If the pointer !=0, then push that position onto a stack.
Continue executing instructions
If you encounter a ]
If pointer==0, pop the [ off of the stack, and proceed (goto step 1)
If pointer != 0, peek at the top of the stack, and go to that position. (goto step 5)
This question is a bit old, but I wanted to say that the answers here helped me decide the route to take when writing my own Brainf**k interpreter. Here's the final product:
#include <stdio.h>
char *S[9999], P[9999], T[9999],
**s=S, *p=P, *t=T, c, x;
int main() {
fread(p, 1, 9999, stdin);
for (; c=*p; ++p) {
if (c == ']') {
if (!x)
if (*t) p = *(s-1);
else --s;
else --x;
} else if (!x) {
if (c == '[')
if (*t) *(s++) = p;
else ++x;
}
if (c == '<') t--;
if (c == '>') t++;
if (c == '+') ++*t;
if (c == '-') --*t;
if (c == ',') *t = getchar();
if (c == '.') putchar(*t);
}
}
}
package interpreter;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
public class Brainfuck {
final int tapeSize = 0xFFFF;
int tapePointer = 0;
int[] tape = new int[tapeSize];
int inputCounter = 0;
ActionListener onUpdateTape;
public Brainfuck(byte[] input, String code, boolean debugger,
JTextPane output, ActionListener onUpdate) {
onUpdateTape = onUpdate;
if (debugger) {
debuggerBF(input, code, output);
} else {
cleanBF(input, code, output);
}
}
private void debuggerBF(byte[] input, String code, JTextPane output) {
for (int i = 0; i < code.length(); i++) {
onUpdateTape.actionPerformed(null);
switch (code.charAt(i)) {
case '+': {
tape[tapePointer]++;
break;
}
case '-': {
tape[tapePointer]--;
break;
}
case '<': {
tapePointer--;
break;
}
case '>': {
tapePointer++;
break;
}
case '[': {
if (tape[tapePointer] == 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
++i;
if (code.charAt(i) == '[') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == ']') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (code.charAt(i) == ']' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
case ']': {
if (tape[tapePointer] != 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
--i;
if (code.charAt(i) == ']') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == '[') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (code.charAt(i) == '[' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
case '.': {
output.setText(output.getText() + (char) (tape[tapePointer]));
break;
}
case ',': {
tape[tapePointer] = input[inputCounter];
inputCounter++;
break;
}
}
}
}
private void cleanBF(byte[] input, String code, JTextPane output) {
for (int i = 0; i < code.length(); i++) {
onUpdateTape.actionPerformed(null);
switch (code.charAt(i)) {
case '+':{
tape[tapePointer]++;
break;
}
case '-':{
tape[tapePointer]--;
break;
}
case '<':{
tapePointer--;
break;
}
case '>':{
tapePointer++;
break;
}
case '[': {
if (tape[tapePointer] == 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
++i;
if (code.charAt(i) == '[') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == ']') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (code.charAt(i) == ']' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
case ']': {
if (tape[tapePointer] != 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
--i;
if (code.charAt(i) == ']') {
++nesting;
continue;
} else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == '[') {
--nesting;
continue;
} else if (code.charAt(i) == '[' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
case '.':{
output.setText(output.getText()+(char)(tape[tapePointer]));
break;
}
case ',':{
tape[tapePointer] = input[inputCounter];
inputCounter++;
break;
}
}
}
}
public int[] getTape() {
return tape;
}
public void setTape(int[] tape) {
this.tape = tape;
}
public void editTapeValue(int counter, int value) {
this.tape[counter] = value;
}
}
This should work. You need to modify it somewhat.
That is actually standard example how brainfuck interpreter works. I modified it to use in my app, brackets are handled there:
case '[': {
if (tape[tapePointer] == 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
++i;
if (code.charAt(i) == '[') {
++nesting;
continue;
}
else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == ']') {
--nesting;
continue;
}
else if (code.charAt(i) == ']' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
case ']': {
if (tape[tapePointer] != 0) {
int nesting = 0;
while (true) {
--i;
if (code.charAt(i) == ']') {
++nesting;
continue;
}
else if (nesting > 0 && code.charAt(i) == '[') {
--nesting;
continue;
}
else if (code.charAt(i) == '[' && nesting == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
break;
}
It looks like this question has become a "post your bf interpreter" poll.
So here's mine that I just got working:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void error(char *msg) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
}
enum { MEMSIZE = 30000 };
char *mem;
char *ptr;
char *prog;
size_t progsize;
int init(char *progname) {
int f,r;
struct stat fs;
ptr = mem = calloc(MEMSIZE, 1);
f = open(progname, O_RDONLY);
assert(f != -1);
r = fstat(f, &fs);
assert(r == 0);
prog = mmap(NULL, progsize = fs.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, f, 0);
assert(prog != NULL);
return 0;
}
int findmatch(int ip, char src){
char *p="[]";
int dir[]= { 1, -1 };
int i;
int defer;
i = strchr(p,src)-p;
ip+=dir[i];
for (defer=dir[i]; defer!=0; ip+=dir[i]) {
if (ip<0||ip>=progsize) error("mismatch");
char *q = strchr(p,prog[ip]);
if (q) {
int j = q-p;
defer+=dir[j];
}
}
return ip;
}
int run() {
int ip;
for(ip = 0; ip>=0 && ip<progsize; ip++)
switch(prog[ip]){
case '>': ++ptr; break;
case '<': --ptr; break;
case '+': ++*ptr; break;
case '-': --*ptr; break;
case '.': putchar(*ptr); break;
case ',': *ptr=getchar(); break;
case '[': /*while(*ptr){*/
if (!*ptr) ip=findmatch(ip,'[');
break;
case ']': /*}*/
if (*ptr) ip=findmatch(ip,']');
break;
}
return 0;
}
int cleanup() {
free(mem);
ptr = NULL;
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
init(argc > 1? argv[1]: NULL);
run();
cleanup();
return 0;
}

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