This question already has answers here:
How do I extend a List in Dart?
(6 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
Is it possible to extend a generic list with my my own specific list. Something like:
class Tweets<Tweet> extends List<T>
And how would a constructor look like, if I wanted to construct with my own constructor:
Datasource datasource = new Datasource('http://search.twitter.com/search.json');
Tweets tweets = new Tweets<Tweet>(datasource);
And how to call the parent constructor then, as this is not done in a extended class?
This is what i found out to extend list behavior:
import 'dart:collection';
extends ListBase
implement [] and length getter and setter.
See adapted Tweet example bellow. It uses custom Tweets method and standard list method.
Note that add/addAll has been removed.
Output:
[hello, world, hello]
[hello, hello]
[hello, hello]
Code:
import 'dart:collection';
class Tweet {
String message;
Tweet(this.message);
String toString() => message;
}
class Tweets<Tweet> extends ListBase<Tweet> {
List<Tweet> _list;
Tweets() : _list = new List();
void set length(int l) {
this._list.length=l;
}
int get length => _list.length;
Tweet operator [](int index) => _list[index];
void operator []=(int index, Tweet value) {
_list[index]=value;
}
Iterable<Tweet> myFilter(text) => _list.where( (Tweet e) => e.message.contains(text));
}
main() {
var t = new Tweet('hello');
var t2 = new Tweet('world');
var tl = new Tweets();
tl.addAll([t, t2]);
tl.add(t);
print(tl);
print(tl.myFilter('hello').toList());
print(tl.where( (Tweet e) => e.message.contains('hello')).toList());
}
Dart's List is an abstract class with factories.
I think you could implement it like this:
class Tweet {
String message;
Tweet(this.message);
}
class Tweets<Tweet> implements List<Tweet> {
List<Tweet> _list;
Tweets() : _list = new List<Tweet>();
add(Tweet t) => _list.add(t);
addAll(Collection<Tweet> tweets) => _list.addAll(tweets);
String toString() => _list.toString();
}
main() {
var t = new Tweet('hey');
var t2 = new Tweet('hey');
var tl = new Tweets();
tl.addAll([t, t2]);
print(tl);
}
There doesn't seem to be any direct way to do this and looks like there's also a bug ticket: http://code.google.com/p/dart/issues/detail?id=2600
Update: One way is to use noSuchMethod() and forward calls.
Related
For instance, in Javascript I can do something like:
class Foo {
x = 'baz';
bar() {
const someVar = 'x';
console.log(this[someVar]);
// Output: 'baz';
}
}
Hopefully that's relatively clear - it boils down to accessing a member variable by another variable's contents. How is this achieved in Dart?
This is not trivial in Dart. Dart doesn't have a syntax to access class properties with [].
There are a couple of approaches though:
Mirrors:
https://api.dartlang.org/stable/2.6.1/dart-mirrors/dart-mirrors-library.html
Basically you have access to everything and offers the biggest freedom. You can check what properties a class has, access them via names and so on. Big disadvantage is that the generated JS (if targeting web) will be huge. Flutter doesn't support it at all.
Reflectable
To deal with the large generated JS, you can use package:reflectable. Never tried it with Flutter. It's a bit more to set up and start using bit it works.
Dart only solution 1
You can overload [] operator on a class:
class Foo {
final _backing = <String, String>{
'foo': 'bar'
};
operator [](String val) {
return _backing[val];
}
}
void main() {
final inst = Foo();
print(inst['foo']);
}
Dart only solution 2
Just use a map :) Well sort of... If you are dealing with complex types and you want to add some extra functionality to your map, you can do something like this:
import 'dart:collection';
class StringMap extends Object with MapMixin<String, String> {
final _backing = <String, String>{};
#override
String operator [](Object key) {
return _backing[key];
}
#override
void operator []=(String key, String value) {
_backing[key] = value;
}
#override
void clear() {
_backing.clear();
}
#override
Iterable<String> get keys => _backing.keys;
#override
String remove(Object key) {
return _backing.remove(key);
}
}
So I have a #JsonSerializable class that's doing the job without an issue.
#JsonSerializable()
class BaseValue {
String id;
var value;
DateTime valueDate;
BaseValue({
this.id,
this.value,
this.valueDate
});
factory BaseValue.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$BaseValueFromJson(json);
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$BaseValueToJson(this);
}
No I want to have the same fromJson toJson enabled for an extended ListBase class but can't find how to implement this.
class BaseValues<BaseValue> extends ListBase<BaseValue> {
final List<BaseValue> l = [];
BaseValues();
void set length(newLength) => l.length = newLength;
int get length => l.length;
BaseValue operator [](int index) => l[index];
void operator []=(int index, BaseValue value) => l[index] = value;
}
Maybe I need to use something else instead of ListBase.
Thanks in advance for any help provided.
It's possible, but it's not super easy. You need to create a custom TypeHelper to support your class.
Then, if you want to use pub run build_runner... you'll need to create a custom builder that instantiates an instance of JsonSerializableGenerator and include an instance of your TypeHelper.
There is a pending commit that will give you some more freedom here - https://github.com/dart-lang/json_serializable/commit/4f19d468bf05eed3e4a8ebc27244fc3b8d411dc9 – but you'll still have to handle the possible generic type args of BaseValues.
I was wondering if is possible to create an instance of a generic type in Dart. In other languages like Java you could work around this using reflection, but I'm not sure if this is possible in Dart.
I have this class:
class GenericController <T extends RequestHandler> {
void processRequest() {
T t = new T(); // ERROR
}
}
I tried mezonis approach with the Activator and it works. But it is an expensive approach as it uses mirrors, which requires you to use "mirrorsUsed" if you don't want to have a 2-4MB js file.
This morning I had the idea to use a generic typedef as generator and thus get rid of reflection:
You define a method type like this: (Add params if necessary)
typedef S ItemCreator<S>();
or even better:
typedef ItemCreator<S> = S Function();
Then in the class that needs to create the new instances:
class PagedListData<T>{
...
ItemCreator<T> creator;
PagedListData(ItemCreator<T> this.creator) {
}
void performMagic() {
T item = creator();
...
}
}
Then you can instantiate the PagedList like this:
PagedListData<UserListItem> users
= new PagedListData<UserListItem>(()=> new UserListItem());
You don't lose the advantage of using generic because at declaration time you need to provide the target class anyway, so defining the creator method doesn't hurt.
You can use similar code:
import "dart:mirrors";
void main() {
var controller = new GenericController<Foo>();
controller.processRequest();
}
class GenericController<T extends RequestHandler> {
void processRequest() {
//T t = new T();
T t = Activator.createInstance(T);
t.tellAboutHimself();
}
}
class Foo extends RequestHandler {
void tellAboutHimself() {
print("Hello, I am 'Foo'");
}
}
abstract class RequestHandler {
void tellAboutHimself();
}
class Activator {
static createInstance(Type type, [Symbol constructor, List
arguments, Map<Symbol, dynamic> namedArguments]) {
if (type == null) {
throw new ArgumentError("type: $type");
}
if (constructor == null) {
constructor = const Symbol("");
}
if (arguments == null) {
arguments = const [];
}
var typeMirror = reflectType(type);
if (typeMirror is ClassMirror) {
return typeMirror.newInstance(constructor, arguments,
namedArguments).reflectee;
} else {
throw new ArgumentError("Cannot create the instance of the type '$type'.");
}
}
}
I don't know if this is still useful to anyone. But I have found an easy workaround. In the function you want to initialize the type T, pass an extra argument of type T Function(). This function should return an instance of T. Now whenever you want to create object of T, call the function.
class foo<T> {
void foo(T Function() creator) {
final t = creator();
// use t
}
}
P.S. inspired by Patrick's answer
2022 answer
Just came across this problem and found out that although instantiating using T() is still not possible, you can get the constructor of an object easier with SomeClass.new in dart>=2.15.
So what you could do is:
class MyClass<T> {
final T Function() creator;
MyClass(this.creator);
T getGenericInstance() {
return creator();
}
}
and when using it:
final myClass = MyClass<SomeOtherClass>(SomeOtherClass.new)
Nothing different but looks cleaner imo.
Here's my work around for this sad limitation
class RequestHandler {
static final _constructors = {
RequestHandler: () => RequestHandler(),
RequestHandler2: () => RequestHandler2(),
};
static RequestHandler create(Type type) {
return _constructors[type]();
}
}
class RequestHandler2 extends RequestHandler {}
class GenericController<T extends RequestHandler> {
void processRequest() {
//T t = new T(); // ERROR
T t = RequestHandler.create(T);
}
}
test() {
final controller = GenericController<RequestHandler2>();
controller.processRequest();
}
Sorry but as far as I know, a type parameter cannot be used to name a constructor in an instance creation expression in Dart.
Working with FLutter
typedef S ItemCreator<S>();
mixin SharedExtension<T> {
T getSPData(ItemCreator<T> creator) async {
return creator();
}
}
Abc a = sharedObj.getSPData(()=> Abc());
P.S. inspired by Patrick
simple like that.
import 'dart:mirrors';
void main(List<String> args) {
final a = A<B>();
final b1 = a.getInstance();
final b2 = a.getInstance();
print('${b1.value}|${b1.text}|${b1.hashCode}');
print('${b2.value}|${b2.text}|${b2.hashCode}');
}
class A<T extends B> {
static int count = 0;
T getInstance() {
return reflectClass(T).newInstance(
Symbol(''),
['Text ${++count}'],
{Symbol('value'): count},
).reflectee;
}
}
class B {
final int value;
final String text;
B(this.text, {required this.value});
}
Inspired by Patrick's answer, this is the factory I ended up with.
class ServiceFactory<T> {
static final Map<Type, dynamic> _cache = <String, dynamic>{};
static T getInstance<T>(T Function() creator) {
String typeName = T.toString();
return _cache.putIfAbsent(typeName, () => creator());
}
}
Then I would use it like this.
final authClient = ServiceFactory.getInstance<AuthenticationClient>(() => AuthenticationClient());
Warning: Erik made a very good point in the comment below that the same type name can exist in multiple packages and that will cause issues. As much as I dislike to force the user to pass in a string key (that way it's the consumer's responsibility to ensuring the uniqueness of the type name), that might be the only way.
I want to create a more specialized list in dart. I can't directly extend List. What are my options?
To make a class implement List there are several ways :
Extending ListBase and implementing length, operator[], operator[]= and length= :
import 'dart:collection';
class MyCustomList<E> extends ListBase<E> {
final List<E> l = [];
MyCustomList();
void set length(int newLength) { l.length = newLength; }
int get length => l.length;
E operator [](int index) => l[index];
void operator []=(int index, E value) { l[index] = value; }
// your custom methods
}
Mixin ListMixin and implementing length, operator[], operator[]= and length= :
import 'dart:collection';
class MyCustomList<E> extends Base with ListMixin<E> {
final List<E> l = [];
MyCustomList();
void set length(int newLength) { l.length = newLength; }
int get length => l.length;
E operator [](int index) => l[index];
void operator []=(int index, E value) { l[index] = value; }
// your custom methods
}
Delegating to an other List with DelegatingList from the quiver package:
import 'package:quiver/collection.dart';
class MyCustomList<E> extends DelegatingList<E> {
final List<E> _l = [];
List<E> get delegate => _l;
// your custom methods
}
Delegating to an other List with DelegatingList from the collection package:
import 'package:collection/wrappers.dart';
class MyCustomList<E> extends DelegatingList<E> {
final List<E> _l;
MyCustomList() : this._(<E>[]);
MyCustomList._(l) :
_l = l,
super(l);
// your custom methods
}
Depending on your code each of those options has their advantages. If you wrap/delegate an existing list you should use the last option. Otherwise, use one of the two first options depending on your type hierarchy (mixin allowing to extend another Object).
There is a ListBase class in dart:collection. If you extend this class, you only need to implement:
get length
set length
[]=
[]
Here is an example:
import 'dart:collection';
class FancyList<E> extends ListBase<E> {
List innerList = new List();
int get length => innerList.length;
void set length(int length) {
innerList.length = length;
}
void operator[]=(int index, E value) {
innerList[index] = value;
}
E operator [](int index) => innerList[index];
// Though not strictly necessary, for performance reasons
// you should implement add and addAll.
void add(E value) => innerList.add(value);
void addAll(Iterable<E> all) => innerList.addAll(all);
}
void main() {
var list = new FancyList();
list.addAll([1,2,3]);
print(list.length);
}
A new way of extending classes was introduced with Dart 2.6.
You can now create an extension of List like this:
extension MyCustomList<T> on List<T> {
// Any methods you want can be added here.
}
The methods you add can be used implicitly, i.e. you can just use them on any List when you have your extension imported.
Here is an example from the feature specification:
extension MyFancyList<T> on List<T> {
int get doubleLength => this.length * 2;
List<T> operator-() => this.reversed.toList();
List<List<T>> split(int at) =>
<List<T>>[this.sublist(0, at), this.sublist(at)];
List<T> mapToList<R>(R Function(T) convert) => this.map(convert).toList();
}
You can use these new members on any List, e.g. like this:
const list = <String>['some', 'elements'];
list.doubleLength; // Evaluates to 4.
The answers to this are pretty outdated, and I'm in the process of doing this for my own project, so I thought I'd help some people out by posting a really clean answer that doesn't involve any overriding or implementing of things.
The quiver package has an extendable List class called DelegatingList that makes extending a list trivial.
class FruitList extends DelegatingList<Fruit> {
final List<Fruit> _fruits = [];
List<Fruit> get delegate => _fruits;
// custom methods
}
Hopefully this helps someone who comes across this question like I did!
Following on from the answer above, you can create an immutable list like this:
class ImmutableList<E> extends ListBase<E> {
late final List<E> innerList;
ImmutableList(Iterable<E> items) {
innerList = List<E>.unmodifiable(items);
}
#override
int get length => innerList.length;
#override
set length(int length) {
innerList.length = length;
}
#override
void operator []=(int index, E value) {
innerList[index] = value;
}
#override
E operator [](int index) => innerList[index];
}
//list is your given List and iterable is any object in dart that can be iterated
list.addAll(Iterable)
Like the question at Dynamic class method invocation in PHP I want to do this in Dart.
var = "name";
page.${var} = value;
page.save();
Is that possible?
There are several things you can achieve with Mirrors.
Here's an example how to set values of classes and how to call methods dynamically:
import 'dart:mirrors';
class Page {
var name;
method() {
print('called!');
}
}
void main() {
var page = new Page();
var im = reflect(page);
// Set values.
im.setField("name", "some value").then((temp) => print(page.name));
// Call methods.
im.invoke("method", []);
}
In case you wonder, im is an InstanceMirror, which basically reflects the page instance.
There is also another question: Is there a way to dynamically call a method or set an instance variable in a class in Dart?
You can use Dart Mirror API to do such thing. Mirror API is not fully implemented now but here's how it could work :
import 'dart:mirrors';
class Page {
String name;
}
main() {
final page = new Page();
var value = "value";
InstanceMirror im = reflect(page);
im.setField("name", value).then((_){
print(page.name); // display "value"
});
}
You can use Serializable
For example:
import 'package:serializable/serializable.dart';
#serializable
class Page extends _$PageSerializable {
String name;
}
main() {
final page = new Page();
var attribute = "name";
var value = "value";
page["name"] = value;
page[attribute] = value;
print("page.name: ${page['name']}");
}