I am trying to apply both displacement mapping and specular mapping for the earth and only displacement mapping for the moon.
I could transfer height map to normal map but if I use the same height map to apply displacement mapping, it does not work as I expected..
Here is the example image
as you can see the bumpness around the earth and the moon but there are no actual height diffrences.
If I apply specular map to the earth, the earth becomes like this
I want only the ocean of the earth to shine but my code turns the earth into the whole black, I can only see some white dots on the earth...
These textures are from this site
Here is my both vertex shader code and the fragment shader code
"use strict";
const loc_aPosition = 3;
const loc_aNormal = 5;
const loc_aTexture = 7;
const VSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
layout(location=${loc_aPosition}) in vec4 aPosition;
layout(location=${loc_aNormal}) in vec4 aNormal;
layout(location=${loc_aTexture}) in vec2 aTexCoord;
uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;
uniform mat4 uModelMatrix; // Model matrix
uniform mat4 uNormalMatrix; // Transformation matrix of the normal
uniform sampler2D earth_disp;
uniform sampler2D moon_disp;
//uniform float earth_dispScale;
//uniform float moon_dispScale;
//uniform float earth_dispBias;
//uniform float moon_dispBias;
uniform bool uEarth;
uniform bool uMoon;
out vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec3 vNormal;
out vec3 vPosition;
void main()
{
float disp;
if(uEarth)
disp = texture(earth_disp, aTexCoord).r; //Extracting the color information from the image
else if(uMoon)
disp = texture(moon_disp, aTexCoord).r; //Extracting the color information from the image
vec4 displace = aPosition;
float displaceFactor = 2.0;
float displaceBias = 0.5;
if(uEarth || uMoon) //Using Displacement Mapping
{
displace += (displaceFactor * disp - displaceBias) * aNormal;
gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * displace;
}
else //Not using displacement mapping
gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * aPosition;
// Calculate the vertex position in the world coordinate
vPosition = vec3(uModelMatrix * aPosition);
vNormal = normalize(vec3(uNormalMatrix * aNormal));
vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
}`;
// Fragment shader program
const FSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
precision mediump float;
uniform vec3 uLightColor; // Light color
uniform vec3 uLightPosition; // Position of the light source
uniform vec3 uAmbientLight; // Ambient light color
uniform sampler2D sun_color;
uniform sampler2D earth_color;
uniform sampler2D moon_color;
uniform sampler2D earth_bump;
uniform sampler2D moon_bump;
uniform sampler2D specularMap;
in vec3 vNormal;
in vec3 vPosition;
in vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec4 fColor;
uniform bool uIsSun;
uniform bool uIsEarth;
uniform bool uIsMoon;
vec2 dHdxy_fwd(sampler2D bumpMap, vec2 UV, float bumpScale)
{
vec2 dSTdx = dFdx( UV );
vec2 dSTdy = dFdy( UV );
float Hll = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV ).x;
float dBx = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV + dSTdx ).x - Hll;
float dBy = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV + dSTdy ).x - Hll;
return vec2( dBx, dBy );
}
vec3 pertubNormalArb(vec3 surf_pos, vec3 surf_norm, vec2 dHdxy)
{
vec3 vSigmaX = vec3( dFdx( surf_pos.x ), dFdx( surf_pos.y ), dFdx( surf_pos.z ) );
vec3 vSigmaY = vec3( dFdy( surf_pos.x ), dFdy( surf_pos.y ), dFdy( surf_pos.z ) );
vec3 vN = surf_norm; // normalized
vec3 R1 = cross( vSigmaY, vN );
vec3 R2 = cross( vN, vSigmaX );
float fDet = dot( vSigmaX, R1 );
fDet *= ( float( gl_FrontFacing ) * 2.0 - 1.0 );
vec3 vGrad = sign( fDet ) * ( dHdxy.x * R1 + dHdxy.y * R2 );
return normalize( abs( fDet ) * surf_norm - vGrad );
}
void main()
{
vec2 dHdxy;
vec3 bumpNormal;
float bumpness = 1.0;
if(uIsSun)
fColor = texture(sun_color, vTexCoord);
else if(uIsEarth)
{
fColor = texture(earth_color, vTexCoord);
dHdxy = dHdxy_fwd(earth_bump, vTexCoord, bumpness);
}
else if(uIsMoon)
{
fColor = texture(moon_color, vTexCoord);
dHdxy = dHdxy_fwd(moon_bump, vTexCoord, bumpness);
}
// Normalize the normal because it is interpolated and not 1.0 in length any more
vec3 normal = normalize(vNormal);
// Calculate the light direction and make its length 1.
vec3 lightDirection = normalize(uLightPosition - vPosition);
// The dot product of the light direction and the orientation of a surface (the normal)
float nDotL;
if(uIsSun)
nDotL = 1.0;
else
nDotL = max(dot(lightDirection, normal), 0.0);
// Calculate the final color from diffuse reflection and ambient reflection
vec3 diffuse = uLightColor * fColor.rgb * nDotL;
vec3 ambient = uAmbientLight * fColor.rgb;
float specularFactor = texture(specularMap, vTexCoord).r; //Extracting the color information from the image
vec3 diffuseBump;
if(uIsEarth || uIsMoon)
{
bumpNormal = pertubNormalArb(vPosition, normal, dHdxy);
diffuseBump = min(diffuse + dot(bumpNormal, lightDirection), 1.1);
}
vec3 specular = vec3(0.0);
float shiness = 12.0;
vec3 lightSpecular = vec3(1.0);
if(uIsEarth && nDotL > 0.0)
{
vec3 v = normalize(-vPosition); // EyePosition
vec3 r = reflect(-lightDirection, bumpNormal); // Reflect from the surface
specular = lightSpecular * specularFactor * pow(dot(r, v), shiness);
}
//Update Final Color
if(uIsEarth)
fColor = vec4( (diffuse * diffuseBump * specular) + ambient, fColor.a); // Specular
else if(uIsMoon)
fColor = vec4( (diffuse * diffuseBump) + ambient, fColor.a);
else if(uIsSun)
fColor = vec4(diffuse + ambient, fColor.a);
}`;
Could you tell me where do I have to check?
If it was me I'd first strip the shader down the simplest thing and see if I get what I want. You want a specular shine so do you get a specular shine with only specular calculations in your shaders
Trimming your shaders to just draw a flat phong shading didn't produce the correct results
This line
fColor = vec4( (diffuse * specular) + ambient, fColor.a);
needed to be
fColor = vec4( (diffuse + specular) + ambient, fColor.a);
You add the specular, not multiply by it.
"use strict";
const loc_aPosition = 3;
const loc_aNormal = 5;
const loc_aTexture = 7;
const VSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
layout(location=${loc_aPosition}) in vec4 aPosition;
layout(location=${loc_aNormal}) in vec4 aNormal;
uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;
uniform mat4 uModelMatrix; // Model matrix
uniform mat4 uNormalMatrix; // Transformation matrix of the normal
out vec3 vNormal;
out vec3 vPosition;
void main()
{
gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * aPosition;
// Calculate the vertex position in the world coordinate
vPosition = vec3(uModelMatrix * aPosition);
vNormal = normalize(vec3(uNormalMatrix * aNormal));
}`;
// Fragment shader program
const FSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
precision highp float;
uniform vec3 uLightColor; // Light color
uniform vec3 uLightPosition; // Position of the light source
uniform vec3 uAmbientLight; // Ambient light color
in vec3 vNormal;
in vec3 vPosition;
out vec4 fColor;
void main()
{
vec2 dHdxy;
vec3 bumpNormal;
float bumpness = 1.0;
fColor = vec4(0.5, 0.5, 1, 1);
// Normalize the normal because it is interpolated and not 1.0 in length any more
vec3 normal = normalize(vNormal);
// Calculate the light direction and make its length 1.
vec3 lightDirection = normalize(uLightPosition - vPosition);
// The dot product of the light direction and the orientation of a surface (the normal)
float nDotL;
nDotL = max(dot(lightDirection, normal), 0.0);
// Calculate the final color from diffuse reflection and ambient reflection
vec3 diffuse = uLightColor * fColor.rgb * nDotL;
vec3 ambient = uAmbientLight * fColor.rgb;
float specularFactor = 1.0;
bumpNormal = normal;
vec3 specular = vec3(0.0);
float shiness = 12.0;
vec3 lightSpecular = vec3(1.0);
vec3 v = normalize(-vPosition); // EyePosition
vec3 r = reflect(-lightDirection, bumpNormal); // Reflect from the surface
specular = lightSpecular * specularFactor * pow(dot(r, v), shiness);
fColor = vec4( (diffuse + specular) + ambient, fColor.a); // Specular
}`;
function main() {
const m4 = twgl.m4;
const gl = document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('webgl2');
if (!gl) { return alert('need webgl2'); }
const prgInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE]);
const verts = twgl.primitives.createSphereVertices(1, 40, 40);
// calls gl.createBuffer, gl.bindBuffer, gl.bufferData for each array
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, {
aPosition: verts.position,
aNormal: verts.normal,
aTexCoord: verts.texcoord,
indices: verts.indices,
});
// calls gl.bindBuffer, gl.enableVertexAttribArray, gl.vertexAttribPointer for each attribute
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, prgInfo, bufferInfo);
twgl.resizeCanvasToDisplaySize(gl.canvas);
gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
gl.enable(gl.CULL_FACE);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
gl.useProgram(prgInfo.program);
const fov = 60 * Math.PI / 180;
const aspect = gl.canvas.clientWidth / gl.canvas.clientHeight;
const near = 0.1;
const far = 20.0;
const mat = m4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
m4.translate(mat, [0, 0, -3], mat);
// calls gl.activeTexture, gl.bindTexture, gl.uniform
twgl.setUniforms(prgInfo, {
uMvpMatrix: mat,
uModelMatrix: m4.identity(), // Model matrix
uNormalMatrix: m4.identity(), // Transformation matrix of the normal
uLightColor: [1, 1, 1], // Light color
uLightPosition: [2, 2, 10], // Position of the light source
uAmbientLight: [0, 0, 0], // Ambient light color
});
// calls gl.drawArrays or gl.drawElements
twgl.drawBufferInfo(gl, bufferInfo);
}
main();
body { margin: 0 }
canvas { display: block; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/4.x/twgl-full.min.js"></script>
<canvas></canvas>
So now we can add in the specular map
"use strict";
const loc_aPosition = 3;
const loc_aNormal = 5;
const loc_aTexCoord = 7;
const VSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
layout(location=${loc_aPosition}) in vec4 aPosition;
layout(location=${loc_aNormal}) in vec4 aNormal;
layout(location=${loc_aTexCoord}) in vec2 aTexCoord;
uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;
uniform mat4 uModelMatrix; // Model matrix
uniform mat4 uNormalMatrix; // Transformation matrix of the normal
out vec3 vNormal;
out vec3 vPosition;
out vec2 vTexCoord;
void main()
{
gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * aPosition;
// Calculate the vertex position in the world coordinate
vPosition = vec3(uModelMatrix * aPosition);
vNormal = normalize(vec3(uNormalMatrix * aNormal));
vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
}`;
// Fragment shader program
const FSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
precision highp float;
uniform vec3 uLightColor; // Light color
uniform vec3 uLightPosition; // Position of the light source
uniform vec3 uAmbientLight; // Ambient light color
uniform sampler2D specularMap;
in vec3 vNormal;
in vec3 vPosition;
in vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec4 fColor;
void main()
{
vec2 dHdxy;
vec3 bumpNormal;
float bumpness = 1.0;
fColor = vec4(0.5, 0.5, 1, 1);
// Normalize the normal because it is interpolated and not 1.0 in length any more
vec3 normal = normalize(vNormal);
// Calculate the light direction and make its length 1.
vec3 lightDirection = normalize(uLightPosition - vPosition);
// The dot product of the light direction and the orientation of a surface (the normal)
float nDotL;
nDotL = max(dot(lightDirection, normal), 0.0);
// Calculate the final color from diffuse reflection and ambient reflection
vec3 diffuse = uLightColor * fColor.rgb * nDotL;
vec3 ambient = uAmbientLight * fColor.rgb;
float specularFactor = texture(specularMap, vTexCoord).r; //Extracting the color information from the image
bumpNormal = normal;
vec3 specular = vec3(0.0);
float shiness = 12.0;
vec3 lightSpecular = vec3(1.0);
vec3 v = normalize(-vPosition); // EyePosition
vec3 r = reflect(-lightDirection, bumpNormal); // Reflect from the surface
specular = lightSpecular * specularFactor * pow(dot(r, v), shiness);
fColor = vec4( (diffuse + specular) + ambient, fColor.a); // Specular
}`;
function main() {
const m4 = twgl.m4;
const gl = document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('webgl2');
if (!gl) { return alert('need webgl2'); }
const prgInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE]);
const verts = twgl.primitives.createSphereVertices(1, 40, 40);
// calls gl.createBuffer, gl.bindBuffer, gl.bufferData for each array
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, {
aPosition: verts.position,
aNormal: verts.normal,
aTexCoord: verts.texcoord,
indices: verts.indices,
});
const specularTex = twgl.createTexture(gl, {src: 'https://i.imgur.com/JlIJu5V.jpg'});
function render(time) {
twgl.resizeCanvasToDisplaySize(gl.canvas);
gl.clearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
gl.enable(gl.CULL_FACE);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
// calls gl.bindBuffer, gl.enableVertexAttribArray, gl.vertexAttribPointer for each attribute
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, prgInfo, bufferInfo);
gl.useProgram(prgInfo.program);
const fov = 60 * Math.PI / 180;
const aspect = gl.canvas.clientWidth / gl.canvas.clientHeight;
const near = 0.1;
const far = 20.0;
const mat = m4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
m4.translate(mat, [0, 0, -3], mat);
const model = m4.rotationY(time / 1000);
m4.multiply(mat, model, mat);
// calls gl.activeTexture, gl.bindTexture, gl.uniform
twgl.setUniforms(prgInfo, {
uMvpMatrix: mat,
uModelMatrix: model, // Model matrix
uNormalMatrix: model, // Transformation matrix of the normal
uLightColor: [1, 1, 1], // Light color
uLightPosition: [2, 2, 10], // Position of the light source
uAmbientLight: [0, 0, 0], // Ambient light color
specularMap: specularTex,
});
// calls gl.drawArrays or gl.drawElements
twgl.drawBufferInfo(gl, bufferInfo);
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
main();
body { margin: 0 }
canvas { display: block; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/4.x/twgl-full.min.js"></script>
<canvas></canvas>
Then you should argably not use lots of boolean conditionals on your shader. Either make different shaders for find a way to do it without the booleans. So for example we don't need
uniform sampler2D earth_disp;
uniform sampler2D moon_disp;
uniform sampler2D sun_color;
uniform sampler2D earth_color;
uniform sampler2D moon_color;
uniform sampler2D earth_bump;
uniform sampler2D moon_bump;
uniform bool uIsSun;
uniform bool uIsEarth;
uniform bool uIsMoon;
we can just have
uniform sampler2D displacementMap;
uniform sampler2D surfaceColor;
uniform sampler2D bumpMap;
Then we can set the displacementMap and the bumpMap to a single pixel 0,0,0,0 texture and there will be no displacement and no bump.
As for different lighting for sun, given the sun uses neither the bump map nor the displacement map nor even lighting at all it would arguably be better to use a different shader but, we can also just add a maxDot value like this
uniform float maxDot;
...
nDotL = max(dot(lightDirection, normal), maxDot)
If maxDot is zero we'll get a normal dot product. If maxDot is one we get no lighting.
"use strict";
const loc_aPosition = 3;
const loc_aNormal = 5;
const loc_aTexture = 7;
const VSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
layout(location=${loc_aPosition}) in vec4 aPosition;
layout(location=${loc_aNormal}) in vec3 aNormal;
layout(location=${loc_aTexture}) in vec2 aTexCoord;
uniform mat4 uMvpMatrix;
uniform mat4 uModelMatrix; // Model matrix
uniform mat4 uNormalMatrix; // Transformation matrix of the normal
uniform sampler2D displacementMap;
out vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec3 vNormal;
out vec3 vPosition;
void main()
{
float disp;
disp = texture(displacementMap, aTexCoord).r;
vec4 displace = aPosition;
float displaceFactor = 0.1;
float displaceBias = 0.0;
displace.xyz += (displaceFactor * disp - displaceBias) * aNormal;
gl_Position = uMvpMatrix * displace;
// Calculate the vertex position in the world coordinate
vPosition = vec3(uModelMatrix * aPosition);
vNormal = normalize(mat3(uNormalMatrix) * aNormal);
vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
}`;
// Fragment shader program
const FSHADER_SOURCE =
`#version 300 es
precision highp float;
uniform vec3 uLightColor; // Light color
uniform vec3 uLightPosition; // Position of the light source
uniform vec3 uAmbientLight; // Ambient light color
uniform sampler2D surfaceColor;
uniform sampler2D bumpMap;
uniform sampler2D specularMap;
uniform float maxDot;
in vec3 vNormal;
in vec3 vPosition;
in vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec4 fColor;
vec2 dHdxy_fwd(sampler2D bumpMap, vec2 UV, float bumpScale)
{
vec2 dSTdx = dFdx( UV );
vec2 dSTdy = dFdy( UV );
float Hll = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV ).x;
float dBx = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV + dSTdx ).x - Hll;
float dBy = bumpScale * texture( bumpMap, UV + dSTdy ).x - Hll;
return vec2( dBx, dBy );
}
vec3 pertubNormalArb(vec3 surf_pos, vec3 surf_norm, vec2 dHdxy)
{
vec3 vSigmaX = vec3( dFdx( surf_pos.x ), dFdx( surf_pos.y ), dFdx( surf_pos.z ) );
vec3 vSigmaY = vec3( dFdy( surf_pos.x ), dFdy( surf_pos.y ), dFdy( surf_pos.z ) );
vec3 vN = surf_norm; // normalized
vec3 R1 = cross( vSigmaY, vN );
vec3 R2 = cross( vN, vSigmaX );
float fDet = dot( vSigmaX, R1 );
fDet *= ( float( gl_FrontFacing ) * 2.0 - 1.0 );
vec3 vGrad = sign( fDet ) * ( dHdxy.x * R1 + dHdxy.y * R2 );
return normalize( abs( fDet ) * surf_norm - vGrad );
}
void main()
{
vec2 dHdxy;
vec3 bumpNormal;
float bumpness = 1.0;
fColor = texture(surfaceColor, vTexCoord);
dHdxy = dHdxy_fwd(bumpMap, vTexCoord, bumpness);
// Normalize the normal because it is interpolated and not 1.0 in length any more
vec3 normal = normalize(vNormal);
// Calculate the light direction and make its length 1.
vec3 lightDirection = normalize(uLightPosition - vPosition);
// The dot product of the light direction and the orientation of a surface (the normal)
float nDotL;
nDotL = max(dot(lightDirection, normal), maxDot);
// Calculate the final color from diffuse reflection and ambient reflection
vec3 diffuse = uLightColor * fColor.rgb * nDotL;
vec3 ambient = uAmbientLight * fColor.rgb;
float specularFactor = texture(specularMap, vTexCoord).r; //Extracting the color information from the image
vec3 diffuseBump;
bumpNormal = pertubNormalArb(vPosition, normal, dHdxy);
diffuseBump = min(diffuse + dot(bumpNormal, lightDirection), 1.1);
vec3 specular = vec3(0.0);
float shiness = 12.0;
vec3 lightSpecular = vec3(1.0);
vec3 v = normalize(-vPosition); // EyePosition
vec3 r = reflect(-lightDirection, bumpNormal); // Reflect from the surface
specular = lightSpecular * specularFactor * pow(dot(r, v), shiness);
//Update Final Color
fColor = vec4( (diffuse * diffuseBump + specular) + ambient, fColor.a); // Specular
}`;
function main() {
const m4 = twgl.m4;
const gl = document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('webgl2');
if (!gl) { return alert('need webgl2'); }
const prgInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE]);
const verts = twgl.primitives.createSphereVertices(1, 40, 40);
// calls gl.createBuffer, gl.bindBuffer, gl.bufferData for each array
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, {
aPosition: verts.position,
aNormal: verts.normal,
aTexCoord: verts.texcoord,
indices: verts.indices,
});
const textures = twgl.createTextures(gl, {
zero: { src: new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0])},
earthSpecular: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/JlIJu5V.jpg' },
earthColor: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/eCpD7bM.jpg' },
earthBump: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/LzFNOP8.jpg' },
sunColor: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/gl8zBLI.jpg', },
moonColor: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/oLiU4fm.jpg', },
moonBump: { src: 'https://i.imgur.com/bDnjW8C.jpg', },
});
function render(time) {
// calls gl.bindBuffer, gl.enableVertexAttribArray, gl.vertexAttribPointer for each attribute
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, prgInfo, bufferInfo);
twgl.resizeCanvasToDisplaySize(gl.canvas);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
gl.enable(gl.CULL_FACE);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
gl.useProgram(prgInfo.program);
const aspect = gl.canvas.clientWidth / gl.canvas.clientHeight;
const fov = 60 * Math.PI / 180 / aspect;
const near = 0.1;
const far = 20.0;
const viewProjection = m4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
m4.translate(viewProjection, [0, 0, -6], viewProjection);
draw([0, 0, 0], {
displacementMap: textures.earthBump,
bumpMap: textures.earthBump,
surfaceColor: textures.earthColor,
specularMap: textures.earthSpecular,
maxDot: 0,
uAmbientLight: [0, 0, 0],
});
draw([-2.2, 0, 0], {
displacementMap: textures.zero,
bumpMap: textures.zero,
surfaceColor: textures.sunColor,
specularMap: textures.zero,
maxDot: 1,
uAmbientLight: [0, 0, 0],
});
draw([2.2, 0, 0], {
displacementMap: textures.moonBump,
bumpMap: textures.moonBump,
surfaceColor: textures.moonColor,
specularMap: textures.zero,
maxDot: 0,
uAmbientLight: [0, 0, 0],
});
function draw(translation, uniforms) {
const model = m4.translation(translation);
m4.rotateY(model, time / 1000, model);
// calls gl.activeTexture, gl.bindTexture, gl.uniform
twgl.setUniforms(prgInfo, {
uMvpMatrix: m4.multiply(viewProjection, model),
uModelMatrix: model, // Model matrix
uNormalMatrix: m4.transpose(m4.inverse(model)), // Transformation matrix of the normal
uLightColor: [1, 1, 1], // Light color
uLightPosition: [2, 2, 10], // Position of the light source
uAmbientLight: [1, 0, 0], // Ambient light color
});
twgl.setUniforms(prgInfo, uniforms);
// calls gl.drawArrays or gl.drawElements
twgl.drawBufferInfo(gl, bufferInfo);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
main();
body { margin: 0 }
canvas { display: block; width: 100vw; height: 100vh; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/4.x/twgl-full.min.js"></script>
<canvas></canvas>
As for the displacement, displacement only works on vertices so you need a lot of vertices in your sphere to be able to see any displacement
As well there was an bug related to displacement. You're passing in normals as vec4 and this line
displace += (displaceFactor * disp - displaceBias) * aNormal;
Ends up adding a vec4 displacement. In other words let's say you started with an a_Position of vec4(1,0,0,1) which would be on the left side of the sphere. aNormal because you declared it as a vec4 is probably vec4(1,0,0,1) as well. Assuming you're actually passing it vec3 normal data via attributes from your buffer the default value for W is 1. Let's assume disp is 1, displaceFactor is 2 and displaceBias is 0.5 which is what you had. You end up wioth
displace = vec4(1,0,0,1) + (2 * 1 + 0.5) * vec4(1,0,0,1)
displace = vec4(1,0,0,1) + (1.5) * vec4(1,0,0,1)
displace = vec4(1,0,0,1) + vec4(1.5,0,0,1.5)
displace = vec4(2.5,0,0,2.5)
But you don't want W to be 2.5. One fix is to just use the xyz part of the normal.
displace.xyz += (displaceFactor * disp - displaceBias) * aNormal.xyz;
The more normal fix would be to only declare the normal attribute as vec3
in vec3 aNormal;
displace.xyz += (displaceFactor * disp - displaceBias) * aNormal;
In my example above the spheres are only radius = 1 so we only want adjust this displacement a little. I set displaceFactor to 0.1 and displaceBias to 0.
Just focusing on the uniforms/attributes/varyings for a single vertex/fragment shader pair, I'm wondering how you might model the following system using textures. Focusing on 2D.
position: The current object's position.
translation: The objects proposed next position based on some CPU calculations up front.
velocity: The objects velocity.
rotation: The objects next rotation.
forces (like gravity or collision): The object's summed forces acting on it in each direction.
temperature: The object's temperature.
mass/density: The object's mass/density.
curvature: Moving along a predefined curve (like easing).
At first I wanted to do this:
attribute vec3 a_position;
attribute vec3 a_translation;
attribute vec3 a_velocity;
attribute vec3 a_rotation;
attribute vec3 a_force;
attribute vec3 a_temperature;
attribute vec3 a_material; // mass and density
attribute vec4 a_color;
attribute vec4 a_curvature;
But that might run into the problem of too many attributes.
So then I remember about using textures for this. Without going into too much detail, I'm just wondering how you might structure the uniforms/attributes/varyings to accomplish this.
attribute vec2 a_position_uv;
attribute vec2 a_translation_uv;
attribute vec2 a_velocity_uv;
attribute vec2 a_rotation_uv;
attribute vec2 a_force_uv;
attribute vec2 a_temperature_uv;
attribute vec2 a_material_uv;
attribute vec2 a_color_uv;
attribute vec2 a_curvature_uv;
If we did that, where the attributes all referenced texture coordinates, then the texture could store vec4 data perhaps, and so we might avoid the too-many-attributes problem.
But I'm not sure now how to define the textures for both shaders. Wondering if it's just like this:
uniform sampler2D u_position_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_translation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_velocity_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_rotation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_force_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_temperature_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_material_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_color_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_curvature_texture;
Then in main in the vertex shader, we can use the textures however to calculate the position.
void main() {
vec4 position = texture2D(u_position_texture, a_position_uv);
vec4 translation = texture2D(u_translation_texture, a_translation_uv);
// ...
gl_Position = position * ...
}
In this way we don't need any varyings in the vertex shader for passing through the color necessarily, unless we want to use the result of our calculations in the fragment shader. But I can figure that part out. For now I just would like to know if it's possible to structure the shaders like this, so the final vertex shader would be:
attribute vec2 a_position_uv;
attribute vec2 a_translation_uv;
attribute vec2 a_velocity_uv;
attribute vec2 a_rotation_uv;
attribute vec2 a_force_uv;
attribute vec2 a_temperature_uv;
attribute vec2 a_material_uv;
attribute vec2 a_color_uv;
attribute vec2 a_curvature_uv;
uniform sampler2D u_position_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_translation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_velocity_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_rotation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_force_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_temperature_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_material_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_color_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_curvature_texture;
void main() {
vec4 position = texture2D(u_position_texture, a_position_uv);
vec4 translation = texture2D(u_translation_texture, a_translation_uv);
// ...
gl_Position = position * ...
}
And the final fragment shader might be along the lines of:
uniform sampler2D u_position_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_translation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_velocity_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_rotation_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_force_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_temperature_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_material_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_color_texture;
uniform sampler2D u_curvature_texture;
varying vec2 v_foo
varying vec2 v_bar
void main() {
// ...
gl_Color = position * ... * v_foo * v_bar
}
The question you linked is not about too many attributes but too many varyings, 99.9% of WebGL implementations support up to 16 attributes which is not only on par with the maximum number of texture units supported on most platforms but should be fine assuming that you don't need to transfer all that data from the vertex to the fragment shader. If you're not doing any larger batching you might just use uniforms to begin with. That said if you, for whatever reason decide to go with textures you'd probably use only one UV coordinate and align all your data textures, otherwise you'd really just have almost doubled your bandwidth requirements for no reason.
With that out of the way, your dataset itself can be compacted quite a bit. You could store position and rotation as a quaternion(in 2D you could even just use a vec3 with x,y,α) the velocity and torque(which is missing from your original dataset) are really just the delta of the current position and the next one, so you only need to store one of those sets(either velocity/torque or next position/rotation), force seems irrelevant as you'd apply those on the CPU, mass and temperature are scalar values so they'd totally fit into one vec2 along with some other jazz. But the more I try to make sense of it the more immature this seems, you can't really do the simulation on the GPU yet half of your attributes are simulation attributes that are not required for rendering and it feels like you're prematurely optimizing something that isn't even close to existing yet, so word of advice: just build it and see.
LJ's answer is arguably the right thing to do but if you want to store data in textures all you need is an index per vertex
attribute float index;
You then compute UV coords from that
uniform vec2 textureSize; // size of texture
float numVec4sPerElement = 8.;
float elementsPerRow = floor(textureSize.x / numVec4sPerElement);
float tx = mod(index, elementsPerRow) * numVec4sPerElement;
float ty = floor(index / elementsPerRow);
vec2 baseTexel = vec2(tx, ty) + 0.5;
Now you can pull out the data. (note: assuming it's a float texture)
vec4 position = texture2D(dataTexture, baseTexel / textureSize);
vec4 translation = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(1,0)) / textureSize);
vec4 velocity = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(2,0)) / textureSize);
vec4 rotation = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(3,0)) / textureSize);
vec4 forces = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(4,0)) / textureSize);
etc...
Of course you might interleave the data more. Like say position above is vec4 maybe position.w is gravity, translation.w is mass, etc...
You then put the data in a texture
position0, translation0, velocity0, rotation0, forces0, ....
position1, translation1, velocity1, rotation1, forces1, ....
position2, translation2, velocity2, rotation2, forces2, ....
position2, translation3, velocity3, rotation3, forces3, ....
const m4 = twgl.m4;
const v3 = twgl.v3;
const gl = document.querySelector('canvas').getContext('webgl');
const ext = gl.getExtension('OES_texture_float');
if (!ext) {
alert('need OES_texture_float');
}
const vs = `
attribute float index;
uniform vec2 textureSize;
uniform sampler2D dataTexture;
uniform mat4 modelView;
uniform mat4 projection;
varying vec3 v_normal;
varying vec4 v_color;
void main() {
float numVec4sPerElement = 3.; // position, normal, color
float elementsPerRow = floor(textureSize.x / numVec4sPerElement);
float tx = mod(index, elementsPerRow) * numVec4sPerElement;
float ty = floor(index / elementsPerRow);
vec2 baseTexel = vec2(tx, ty) + 0.5;
// Now you can pull out the data.
vec3 position = texture2D(dataTexture, baseTexel / textureSize).xyz;
vec3 normal = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(1,0)) / textureSize).xyz;
vec4 color = texture2D(dataTexture, (baseTexel + vec2(2,0)) / textureSize);
gl_Position = projection * modelView * vec4(position, 1);
v_color = color;
v_normal = normal;
}
`;
const fs = `
precision highp float;
varying vec3 v_normal;
varying vec4 v_color;
uniform vec3 lightDirection;
void main() {
float light = dot(lightDirection, normalize(v_normal)) * .5 + .5;
gl_FragColor = vec4(v_color.rgb * light, v_color.a);
}
`;
// compile shader, link, look up locations
const programInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [vs, fs]);
// make some vertex data
const radius = 1;
const thickness = .3;
const radialSubdivisions = 20;
const bodySubdivisions = 12;
const verts = twgl.primitives.createTorusVertices(
radius, thickness, radialSubdivisions, bodySubdivisions);
/*
verts is now an object like this
{
position: float32ArrayOfPositions,
normal: float32ArrayOfNormals,
indices: uint16ArrayOfIndices,
}
*/
// covert the vertex data to a texture
const numElements = verts.position.length / 3;
const vec4sPerElement = 3; // position, normal, color
const maxTextureWidth = 2048; // you could query this
const elementsPerRow = maxTextureWidth / vec4sPerElement | 0;
const textureWidth = elementsPerRow * vec4sPerElement;
const textureHeight = (numElements + elementsPerRow - 1) /
elementsPerRow | 0;
const data = new Float32Array(textureWidth * textureHeight * 4);
for (let i = 0; i < numElements; ++i) {
const dstOffset = i * vec4sPerElement * 4;
const posOffset = i * 3;
const nrmOffset = i * 3;
data[dstOffset + 0] = verts.position[posOffset + 0];
data[dstOffset + 1] = verts.position[posOffset + 1];
data[dstOffset + 2] = verts.position[posOffset + 2];
data[dstOffset + 4] = verts.normal[nrmOffset + 0];
data[dstOffset + 5] = verts.normal[nrmOffset + 1];
data[dstOffset + 6] = verts.normal[nrmOffset + 2];
// color, just make it up
data[dstOffset + 8] = 1;
data[dstOffset + 9] = (i / numElements * 2) % 1;
data[dstOffset + 10] = (i / numElements * 4) % 1;
data[dstOffset + 11] = 1;
}
// use indices as `index`
const arrays = {
index: { numComponents: 1, data: new Float32Array(verts.indices), },
};
// calls gl.createBuffer, gl.bindBuffer, gl.bufferData
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, arrays);
const tex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.FLOAT, data);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
function render(time) {
time *= 0.001; // seconds
twgl.resizeCanvasToDisplaySize(gl.canvas);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
gl.enable(gl.CULL_FACE);
const fov = Math.PI * 0.25;
const aspect = gl.canvas.clientWidth / gl.canvas.clientHeight;
const near = 0.1;
const far = 20;
const projection = m4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
const eye = [0, 0, 3];
const target = [0, 0, 0];
const up = [0, 1, 0];
const camera = m4.lookAt(eye, target, up);
const view = m4.inverse(camera);
// set the matrix for each model in the texture data
const modelView = m4.rotateY(view, time);
m4.rotateX(modelView, time * .2, modelView);
gl.useProgram(programInfo.program);
// calls gl.bindBuffer, gl.enableVertexAttribArray, gl.vertexAttribPointer
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, programInfo, bufferInfo);
// calls gl.activeTexture, gl.bindTexture, gl.uniformXXX
twgl.setUniforms(programInfo, {
lightDirection: v3.normalize([1, 2, 3]),
textureSize: [textureWidth, textureHeight],
projection: projection,
modelView: modelView,
});
// calls gl.drawArrays or gl.drawElements
twgl.drawBufferInfo(gl, bufferInfo);
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
body { margin: 0; }
canvas { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; display: block; }
<script src="https://twgljs.org/dist/4.x/twgl-full.min.js"></script>
<canvas></canvas>
Be aware that pulling data out of textures is slower than getting them from attributes. How much slower probably depends on the GPU. Still, it may be faster than whatever alternative you're considering.
You might also be interested in using textures for batching draw calls. effectively storing things that are traditionally uniforms in a texture.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/54720138/128511
I'm working on porting a ZUI from SVG over to WebGL for a few reasons, and I'd like to render a grid using a fragment shader.
Here's the basic effect I'm going for https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/412963/steel/restel_2.mp4
I'd like to have a triangle that has thin, 1px lines every 10 units, and a thicker 2px line every 100 units (the units here being arbitrary but consistent with world-space, not screen-space).
Here's what I have so far, without the secondary thicker lines like in the video (note that this is literally a copy from my open buffer, and obviously isn't right):
Vertex Shader:
attribute vec3 aVertexPosition;
uniform mat4 uMVMatrix;
uniform mat4 uPMatrix;
varying float vX;
varying float vY;
void main(void) {
vX = aVertexPosition.x;
vY = aVertexPosition.y;
gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0);
}
Fragment Shader:
precision mediump float;
uniform vec2 resolution;
uniform float uZoomFactor;
varying float vX;
varying float vY;
void main(void) {
float distance = gl_FragCoord.z / gl_FragCoord.w;
float fuzz = 1.0 / distance;
float minorLineFreq;
if (distance > 10.0) {
minorLineFreq = 1.0;
} else if (distance > 5.0) {
minorLineFreq = 1.0;
} else {
minorLineFreq = 0.10;
}
float xd = mod(vX, minorLineFreq) * 88.1;
float yd = mod(vY, minorLineFreq) * 88.1;
if (xd < fuzz) {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
} else if (yd < fuzz) {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
} else {
gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
}
}
It produces approximately the right image at a certain distance (but notice the banding effect where there's 2px lines instead of 1px):
Grid with banding
Zoomed in grid with unwanted thicker lines
So, how can I get a consistent grid, with 1px thick lines at every distance, all inside of a WebGL fragment shader?
I believe I've found an acceptable solution.
Using the following vertices (drawn in a triangle strip):
[ 1.0 1.0 0.0
-1.0 1.0 0.0
1.0 -1.0 0.0
-1.0 -1.0 0.0]
Vertex shader:
attribute vec4 aVertexPosition;
void main(void) {
gl_Position = aVertexPosition;
}
Fragment Shader:
precision mediump float;
uniform float vpw; // Width, in pixels
uniform float vph; // Height, in pixels
uniform vec2 offset; // e.g. [-0.023500000000000434 0.9794000000000017], currently the same as the x/y offset in the mvMatrix
uniform vec2 pitch; // e.g. [50 50]
void main() {
float lX = gl_FragCoord.x / vpw;
float lY = gl_FragCoord.y / vph;
float scaleFactor = 10000.0;
float offX = (scaleFactor * offset[0]) + gl_FragCoord.x;
float offY = (scaleFactor * offset[1]) + (1.0 - gl_FragCoord.y);
if (int(mod(offX, pitch[0])) == 0 ||
int(mod(offY, pitch[1])) == 0) {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5);
} else {
gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
}
}
Gives results (depending on the pitch and offset) like:
gl_FragCoord is already scaled to the render target resolution. So you can simply:
precision mediump float;
vec4 color = vec4(1.);
vec2 pitch = vec2(50., 50.);
void main() {
if (mod(gl_FragCoord.x, pitch[0]) < 1. ||
mod(gl_FragCoord.y, pitch[1]) < 1.) {
gl_FragColor = color;
} else {
gl_FragColor = vec4(0.);
}
}
https://glslsandbox.com/e#74754.0