I'm having a strange problem with css on rails. In app/views/search I have 2 files: index.html.erb and the other is result.html.erb. Their css are in public/css/results.css and public/css/index.css.
The problem is: One of them (index) loads its css, but the other no.
More informations:
I'm also using a jquery theme, that is in app/asset/stylesheets and my app/view/layout/application.css is correct, addind the jquery.
When i put the result.css on asset directory, it works. But it's not what i desire. I want this css only on the public folder
Have you tried placing a stylesheet_tag in your layout file (app/views/layouts/application.html.erb) with an absolute path?
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "/css/results.css" %>
Edit: Corrected the wrong method name.
Related
This is a question that several people have asked before, but none of the questions were quite asked or answered in a way that I found helpful, so I'm writing the question and answer that I would have found helpful.
I have a Rails 3.1+ app using the asset pipeline. There's one specific action that I want to have use different CSS. (In my specific case, I have a page that is intended to be printed, so it truly needs completely different CSS and does not need any Javascript.) Currently, I have only one application-specific CSS file. How do I add the new CSS file and direct the asset pipeline to use my file?
For example, right now, my app/assets looks like
app/assets
/javascript
application.js
custom.js.coffee
/css
application.css
custom.css.scss
I want to add a print.css file that is used by the view of a specific action. This view will not use the application.css file. How do I add print.css?
I found this blog post to be very helpful: http://blog.seancarpenter.net/2012/11/05/page-specific-javascript-with-the-asset-pipeline/. My answer paraphrases what this blogger already wrote and fills in a few missing details.
First, it's important that you've read and understood the Rails Guide to the Asset Pipeline. Unfortunately, this guide doesn't clearly explain how to add action-specific assets, but it does cover some concepts you need to know. Made sure you understand these ideas:
That the asset pipeline compiles Javascript, CSS, and other assets so that Rails servers can cache assets for better performance.
That manifest files use commands like require, require_tree, and require_self to indicate which files are compiled together.
That in order for the asset pipeline to work properly in production, you need to manually run rake assets:precompile to produce the compiled, minified assets in the public directory.
These ideas are the minimum "need-to-know" pieces of information about the asset pipeline. If you don't already understand these ideas, you don't have an "expert or enthusiast" level of knowledge about the pipeline, and unfortunately, SO isn't the right place to learn this stuff. Fortunately, the the Rails Guide to the Asset Pipeline is a short 15-minute read and can get you up to speed quickly if you need it.
Second, these are the changes you need to make in order to ensure that the asset pipeline correctly sees and handles your new print.css file.
Follow these steps:
Add your print.css file to app/assets/css.
You'll need to create a manifest file that will show Rails where to find print.css. You need to do this, even though you only have a single CSS file you're adding. This is an easy step:
Add a file called print.js to app/assets/javascript.
Add this line to print.js:
//= require print
This will be the only line in the entire print.js file. If I understand correctly, Rails expects manifest files to have the file extension .js, which is why we aren't using print.css as the manifest file.
We now need to instruct Rails to find and use the print.js manifest. Add the following line in your config/application.rb file:
config.assets.precompile += %w( print.js )
We're almost finished! However, the already-present application.js manifest includes the line //= require_tree . which means that it will include your print.css file. This will cause your print.css styling to affect your entire site, not just the single view. There are two ways of dealing with this:
If application.js and print.js do not share any assets, you can use the stub command in your application.js to exclude the assets used in print.js. What this does is instruct application.js to remove any of the assets that print.js references from its own list of referenced files. Our modified application.js looks like:
(snip...)
require_tree .
stub print
See this answer for more information.
If your print.js and application.js files share some assets, you'll need to move all of the assets used by application.js into subdirectories. I didn't do this myself, so I'm not the most help in this area. Look at this answer for instructions.
Now we have included print.css in the asset pipeline. We now need to direct Rails to use print.css in your specific view.
Let's say your action is in the reports controller, and that the action is named print_reports. This means we have a reports_controller.rb file and a print_reports.html.erb (or .haml) file. We need to make several changes to these files.
To start, add a new layout in app/views/layouts. Perhaps call it print.html.erb. We'll use this new layout for your print_reports.html.erb file. Set it up as you desire. For a page intended to be printed, this will likely be very simple, such as
<html>
<head>
<title="Print">
</head>
<body>
<%= yield %>
</body>
</html>
Using a separate layout the disadvantage that it's difficult to keep this layout and the layout used by the rest of the application in sync, but if you are using separate CSS files for the action, it's unlikely that you want the layout to be the same anyway.
Add a stylesheet_link_tag in the layout's header pointing to your print.css:
<html>
<head>
<title="Print"/>
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "print" %>
</head>
<body>
<%= yield %>
</body>
</html>
In the controller, we'll tell Rails to use our new layout for the action. Add the line layout 'print', only: [:print_reports] to your controller:
class reports_controller < ApplicationController
layout 'print', only: [:print_reports]
#snip
See this question for more information and a few different approaches.
At this point, when you run the app, your print_reports action should be using print.css correctly!
Remember to run rake assets:precompile before deploying on the server.
Official Solution
It is documented in the official Rails Guides here: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html#controller-specific-assets
Actually you can leave out the require_tree directive (located in application.css and application.js) then use this in your template:
For controller specific JavaScript:
<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>
For controller specific CSS:
<%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>
All of you are putting very complicated answers.
1 Go to app/assets/stylesheets
2.Make a file with the extension .css
3.Go to config/initializers/assets.rb
4.Put this line of of code Rails.application.config.assets.precompile += %w( file.css )
5.Replace file.css with the file you created
6.Go to your html.erb file
7.Type this in the <head>, <%= stylesheet_link_tag "file" %>
8.Replace file with the filename(no extension in the name)
Good Job you linked the file!
There's one specific action that I want to have use different CSS.
Here's an alternative way to accomplish what you're looking for:
Add the controller name and action name to the app body in your /views/layouts/application.html.rb:
<body class="<%= controller_name %>-<%= action_name %>">
<%= yield %>
</body>
Then in your .scss file:
.controller_name-action_name {
// your css goes here
}
So if your controller was static_pages and your action was home:
.static_pages-home {
// your css goes here
}
Tada! Your css only appears for that specific action.
In your layout
<head>
// ...
<%= yield :stylesheets %>
</head>
In your view
<%= provide :stylesheets do %>
// your page-specific css
<% end %>
Using Rails 3.2.1
I created a simple controller called Home using the command:
rails g controller Home index
And it created a new controller and view for me:
Notice how there are two stylesheets, one "Application" and one "Home". I can't find any documentation to support this assumption but I'm guessing you put styles that will only be applied to the "Home" views, in the Home.css.scss file, correct?
So as a test, I added in some global styles to Application.css.scss.erb and ran the application.
The styles applied as expected.
Next, I added in some rules to the Home.css.scss file and I visited a "Home/index" view, yet the style in that file wasn't attached, neither as a seperate CSS reference link, or even appended to the single Application.css.scss file. This is highly confusing to me, since the comments say:
// Place all the styles related to the Home controller here.
// They will automatically be included in application.css.
// You can use Sass (SCSS) here: http://sass-lang.com/
Why aren't the rules written in Home.css.scss applied to my website?
It can work this way and Marek is quite correct, the answer is in the guide.
In the introduction to section 2.1:
For example, if you generate a ProjectsController, Rails will also add a new file at app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee and another at app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss. You should put any JavaScript or CSS unique to a controller inside their respective asset files, as these files can then be loaded just for these controllers with lines such as <%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %> or <%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>.
So to set your application up to load controller specific stylesheets:
First, disable the default loading of all stylesheets by removing any extra requires in the application.css manifest.
Typically you'll see an entry like this:
*= require_tree .
If you still want to load some common css files, you can move them to a subdirectory and do something like this:
*= require_tree ./common
Second, In your application's layout add the suggested stylesheet_link_tag eg
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "application", :media => "all" %>
<%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>
In this example we first load the application css file, we then load any css file that matches the current controller name.
I've solved this problem with a simple solution. I add to body the controller name as a class, editing views/layouts/application.html.slim:
body class=controller.controller_name
Or views/layouts/application.html.erb:
<body class="<%= controller.controller_name%>">
And then in my css I just use body.controller_name as a namespace:
/* example for /users/ */
body.users {
color: #000;
}
body.users a {
text-decoration: none;
}
For small projects I think it's fine.
I don't think it works that way (Home.css being applied only to Home controller actions). The different files are just for separation, to make it clearer what are the CSS rules describing. You can read this guide about the asset pipeline. I'm guessing you altered the default application.css.scss and removed the line importing all CSS files from app/assets/stylesheets.
TL;DR:
Ignore the comment, it's not made by Sass. But put:
#import "*";
into your application.css.scss file, and it will automatically import all the controller scss files.
Full read:
Disclaimer: This is my current understanding of the asset pipeline flow with and without Sass.
I think this comment is written by the standard Rails Asset pipeline (sprockets), and not by Sass:
// Place all the styles related to the Home controller here.
// They will automatically be included in application.css.
// You can use Sass (SCSS) here: http://sass-lang.com/
The standard pipeline will handle scss files but doesn't presume an application.css.scss file. But if you create such a file with Sass, then Sass will compile it to the application.css file.
If you use the normal Rails asset pipeline, without Sass, then sprockets would load the css file into the application.css file automatically (if that file has the default *= require_tree . line in it).
When you use Sass, with an application.css.scss file, Sass will compile this file into a application.css file. (I assume it would overwrite or take precedence over any application.css file you already had).
To get your home.css.scss file (and other controller files) automatically included, put this line into your application.css.scss file:
#import "*";
For reference, see this question:
Is it possible to import a whole directory in sass using #import?
I know that most CSS codes go under app/assets/stylesheets, but I have some snippets of CSS codes that are specific to only certain pages. For now, I just have these small CSS codes included in the view files, but I feel like there's ought to be a better way of handling this.
Any suggestion?
Rails convention is to put these in controller specific CSS files:
For example, if a ProjectsController is generated, there will be a new
file at app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee and another at
app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss. You should put any
JavaScript or CSS unique to a controller inside their respective asset
files, as these files can then be loaded just for these controllers
with lines such as <%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>
or <%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>.
Putting the CSS inside the views isn't a good idea as you lose features (fingerprinting, auto minification) that the asset management in Rails provides.
Read more here: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html#how-to-use-the-asset-pipeline
I've an app which works fine in development and on my current production server.
I want to move it to FREE heroku (basic config: 1 dyno, 1 worker).
Unfortunately, the pdf generation (using PdfKit) is ok BUT without the pictures defined in my CSS.
I've followed a lot of tips including:
http://blog.mattgornick.com/using-pdfkit-on-heroku
http://jguimont.com/post/2627758108/pdfkit-and-its-middleware-on-heroku
http://code-fu.pl/blog/2011/05/17/pdfkit-heroku
Thoughts?
Found a workaround but I am still eager to know a better option:
I duplicated my view: one dedicated for html, another for pdf.
I removed all css using pics and put it in a separate file, included only in the view dedicated for html
finally, I inserted the css in the view dedicated to the pdf:
.foo { background-image:url(<%= Rails.root %>/public/images/bar.png) }
Very Ugly but works so please tell me if you've better
It's probably an issue with the way the url's are specified in the css. As I recall, they should be file system absolute paths. What does your css look like?
Here is how I answered my needs with:
Just one single view file
Just one css file
The trick was to pass the proper base_url to the css file dynamically, given I expected a pdf or html.
I decided to use LESS. Style compiles css in a different manner, given the base-url I provide in the DOM. This base-url is generated by a helper.
Here were my steps:
changed my style.css to style.less
Added to my view:
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "style.less", :rel => "stylesheet/less" %>
<script id="base_url" type="text/javascript" data="<%= assets_path %>"></script>
<%= javascript_include_tag "less.min.js" %>
In my helper:
def assets_path
if request.fullpath.include? ".pdf"
"#{Rails.root.join('public',"images","pictos")}"
else
"#{request.protocol}#{request.host_with_port}/images/pictos"
end
end
and in my style.less:
#base_url: `document.getElementById('base_url').getAttribute('data')`;
.foo { background-image:~"url(#{base_url}/bar.png)" }
How do I use CSS with RoR? When I link externally, I'm never able to see the files. I cp'd the .css file to every folder I could think of...views, controller, template, and nothing seems to work.
What do I need to do to enable external CSS files with a rails application? I'm new to rails, so forgive me if this is basic.
Put the CSS files in public/stylesheets and then use:
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "filename" %>
to link to the stylesheet in your layouts or erb files in your views.
Similarly you put images in public/images and javascript files in public/javascripts.
If you are using rails > 3 version, then there is a concept called asset pipeline. You could add your CSS to
app/assets/stylesheets
then it will automatically be picked up by the app. (this is useful as rails will automatically compress the CSS files)
read more here about the asset pipeline
Use the rails style sheet tag to link your main.css like this
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "main" %>
Go to
config/initializers/assets.rb
Once inside the assets.rb add the following code snippet just below the Rails.application.config.assets.version = '1.0'
Rails.application.config.assets.version = '1.0'
Rails.application.config.assets.precompile += %w( main.css )
Restart your server.
I did the following...
place your css file in the app/assets/stylesheets folder.
Add the stylesheet link <%= stylesheet_link_tag "filename" %> in your default layouts file (most likely application.html.erb)
I recommend this over using your public folder. You can also reference the stylesheet inline, such as in your index page.
The original post might have been true back in 2009, but now it is actually incorrect now, and no linking is even required for the stylesheet as I see mentioned in some of the other responses. Rails will now do this for you by default.
Place any new sheet .css (or other) in app/assets/stylesheets
Test your server with rails-root/scripts/rails server and you'll see the link is added by rails itself.
You can test this with a path in your browser like testserverpath:3000/assets/filename_to_test.css?body=1
To add to the above, the most obvious place to add stylesheet_link_tag is in your global application layout - application.html.erb.
With Rails 6.0.0, create your "stylesheet.css" stylesheet at app/assets/stylesheets.
Have you tried putting it in your public folder? Whenever I have images or the like that I need to reference externally, I put it all there.