I would like to use some iteration control flow to simplify the following LaTeX code.
\begin{sidewaystable}
\caption{A glance of images}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{| c ||c| c| c |c| c|| c |c| c|c|c| }
\hline
\backslashbox{Theme}{Class} &\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Class 0} & \multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Class 1} \\
\hline
\hline
1 &
\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/0_1.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/0_2.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/0_3.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/0_4.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/0_5.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/1_1.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/1_2.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/1_3.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/1_4.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/1/1_5.eps} \\
\hline
... % similarly for 2, 3, ..., 22
\hline
23 &
\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/0_1.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/0_2.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/0_3.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/0_4.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/0_5.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/1_1.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/1_2.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/1_3.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/1_4.eps}
&\includegraphics[scale=2]{../../results/23/1_5.eps} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}
I learn that the forloop package provides the for loop. But I am not sure how to apply it to my case? Or other methods not by forloop?
If I also want to simply another similar case, where the only difference is that the directory does not run from 1, 2, to 23, but in some arbitrary order such as 3, 2, 6, 9,..., or even a list of strings such as dira, dirc, dird, dirb,.... How do I make the LaTeX code into loops then?
You may use pgffor package, a tool provided by pgf. The basic syntax is:
\foreach \n in {0,...,22}{do something}
Notably, this for loop is not restricted to integers, for example:
\foreach \n in {apples,burgers,cake}{Let's eat \n.\par}
Something like this will take care of the body of your tabular:
\newcounter{themenumber}
\newcounter{classnumber}
\newcounter{imagenumber}
\forloop{themenumber}{1}{\value{themenumber} < 24}{
% \hline <-- Error here
\arabic{themenumber}
\forloop{classnumber}{0}{\value{classnumber} < 2}{
\forloop{imagenumber}{1}{\value{imagenumber} < 6}{
& \includegraphics[scale=2]{
../../results/\arabic{themenumber}/\arabic{classnumber}_\arabic{imagenumber}.eps
}
}
}
\\
\hline
}
I had to comment out the first \hline because it gave me an error:
You can't use `\hrule' here except with leaders.
I'm not sure what that means; if you really cannot live without the double line, I can look into it more.
Also note that you have to use <; for example, <= 24 will not work.
As to your update: I would simply declare a command that takes the argument that you're looping over. Something like this:
\newcommand\fordir[1]{do something complex involving directory named #1}
\fordir{dira}
\fordir{dirb}
\fordir{dirc}
\dots
Related
I am trying to create a three columns table with a format
like this.
Naturally, the description is longer than the name column. Additionally, I want to use \multicolumn command for the example column for aesthetics reason. Here is the code,
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|p {5 cm}|p {5 cm}|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Complex Type} & \multirow{2}{5 cm}{\parbox[c]{5 cm}{This variable type is used to declare a complex number, the real part and also the imaginary part.}} & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{Defining a complex number 3.0 + 5.0 i :} \\
& & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{complex :: a = (3.0, 5.0)} \\
\hline
\multirow{4}{*}{Character Type} & \multirow{4}{4 cm}{This variable type is used to store one character by default. It can be used to store string or multiple characters using the len modifier. The len modifier works exactly the same as kind modifier. The example is on how to declare two variables, var1 for a character and var 2 for a sentence holder.} & character :: var1 \\
& & character (len = 40) :: var2 \\
& & var1 = "A" \\
& & var2 = "How do you turn this on?" \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{tabular}
I apologize if the code is too long. It seems the problem is because the entire row cell's height is not adjusted for the highest cell. It is fixed based on the first column instead. I have tried to try several method and nothing works. Any suggestions?
It looks like you are trying to use these complicate constructs with \multicolumn and \multirow just to change the alignment and add line breaks, this can be done much more easily:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|m{5cm}|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{6.2cm}|}
\hline
Complex Type &
This variable type is used to declare a complex number, the real part and also the imaginary part. &
Defining a complex number 3.0 + 5.0 i : \linebreak
complex :: a = (3.0, 5.0) \\
\hline
Character Type &
This variable type is used to store one character by default. It can be used to store string or multiple characters using the len modifier. The len modifier works exactly the same as kind modifier. The example is on how to declare two variables, var1 for a character and var 2 for a sentence holder. &
character :: var1 \linebreak
character (len = 40) :: var2 \linebreak
var1 = "A" \linebreak
var2 = "How do you turn this on?" \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
How to typeset the following numbered mathematical formula:
Use amsmath's cases environment:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\[
\Delta(x) = \begin{cases}
1 & \text{if $x > 0$} \\
-1 & \text{if $x < 0$} \\
0 & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
\]
\end{document}
Here is one way to do it:
$
\Delta(x)=
\left\{
\begin{matrix}
1 & \mathrm{if}~x>0 \\
-1 & \mathrm{if}~x<0 \\
0 & \mathrm{otherwise}
\end{matrix}
\right.
$
Which produces the equation you wanted like this:
The example LaTeX equation
This type of equation has a few key tricks in it:
The left bracket has to be declared as \{ in order for LaTeX to
know to display it since it is a special character
Also, the left brace has to be resized to match however many rows you include in your equation, which is done by the \left command preceding it. This can also be done for (, [, etc.
Since you have a \left command, it has to be accompanied by a \right}, but you don't want to display the right brace, so the \right. ends the section without displaying the right brace.
The \mathrm command turns the text inside it back to normal text (removing the math mode temporarily) so that your "if" and "otherwise" aren't italicized.
The ~ just adds a little space so that your "if" doesn't collide with the x > 0, which often happens when using mathrm
Alternatively, you can check out this post for other ways to write piecewise functions in LaTeX. I hope this helps.
I'm using an Align environment inside of a proof, and I'm getting the error "Missing $ inserted." I've commenting out all but the first line of the align makes the error go away, but I still can't figure out what the problem is. No solution I could find works. Am I missing something?
\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage{ifpdf, enumerate}
\usepackage{mla}
\usepackage{gb4e}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\newcommand{\tuple}[1]{\ensuremath{\left \langle #1 \right \rangle }}
\newcommand{\evaluation}[2][]{\ensuremath{\llbracket #2\rrbracket^{#1}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{proof}
\begin{align*}
\evaluation[\mathbb{M}]{(Mx)(D (x) \& V (x))} = 1 \iff \\
\evaluation[\mathbb{M}]{\lbrack \alpha / x \rbrack (D (x) \& V (x))} = 1 \text{for most constants \alpha} \\
\evaluation[\mathbb{M}]{(D (\alpha) \& V (\alpha))} = 1 \text{for most constants \alpha } \\
\evaluation[\mathbb{M}]{D (\alpha)} = 1 \text{and} \evaluation[\mathbb{M}]{V (\alpha)} = 1 \text{for most constants \alpha } \\
F(\alpha) \in F(D) \text{and} F(\alpha) \in F(V) \text{for most constants \alpha } \\
\intertext{Examining the definitions of the model, we see that there are only four entities that are both in $F(D)$ and $F(V)$: Alice, Bob, Colin, and David. Because this is not more than half of the total twelve entities in the universe, our naive definition of ``most'' is not satisfied. Therefore the statement is false, which implies that the truth value of the origenal proposition is not 1.}
\end{align*}
\end{proof}
\end{document}
Here is what the error message looks like.
./test.tex:24: Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
$
l.24 \end{align*}
?
You've missed only one tricky fact: \alpha only works in math mode, so if you replace all occurrences of
\text{for most constants \alpha} \\
(lines 18, 19, 20, 21) with
\text{for most constants }\alpha \\
then your tex will compile sweetly. Also:
\text{for most constants}\ \alpha \\
or:
\text{for most constants $\alpha$} \\
as you already did in line 22 of your code (...$F(D)$ and $F(V)$...).
This answer is not applicable to this exact case, but the given error can also pop up if the "amsmath" package is not being used. It becomes tricky because the whole code looks alright except I had forgotten to add the \usepackage{amsmath} line in the beginning of the document.
I'm completely new to LaTeX and have the MacTeX 2009 package installed, with the intent of having tables from R output into LaTeX and formatted as PDF.
I get the following LaTeX code (below) when I run an example in R (it renders ok in R, but I´d like to use TeXshop). However, when I paste this into a TeXshop window, I get the following error:
./Untitled.tex:2: LaTeX Error: Environment table undefined
I´m sure there is something very basic I´m missing here.
% latex.default(cstats, title = title, caption = caption, rowlabel = rowlabel,
% col.just = col.just, numeric.dollar = FALSE, insert.bottom = legend,
% rowname = lab, dcolumn = dcolumn, extracolheads = extracolheads,
% extracolsize = Nsize, ...)
%
\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by treatment\label{f}}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}\hline\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Drug}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Placebo}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Test Statistic}\tabularnewline
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{{\scriptsize $N=263$}}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{{\scriptsize $N=237$}}&\tabularnewline
\hline
age&{\scriptsize 46.5~}{49.9 }{\scriptsize 53.2} &{\scriptsize 46.7~}{50.0 }{\scriptsize 53.4} &$ F_{1,498}=0.1 ,~ P=0.754 ^{1} $\tabularnewline
sex~:~m&47\%~{\scriptsize~(123)}&44\%~{\scriptsize~(104)}&$ \chi^{2}_{1}=0.42 ,~ P=0.517 ^{2} $\tabularnewline
Primary~Symptoms~:~Depressed&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$\tabularnewline
~~~~Headache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$\tabularnewline
~~~~Hangnail&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$\tabularnewline
~~~~Muscle~Ache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$\tabularnewline
~~~~Stomach~Ache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$\tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\noindent
{\scriptsize $a$\ }{$b$\ }{\scriptsize $c$\ } represent the lower quartile $a$,
the median $b$, and the upper quartile $c$\ for continuous variables.\\
Numbers after percents are frequencies.\\\indent Tests used:\\
\textsuperscript{\normalfont 1}Wilcoxon test; \textsuperscript{\normalfont 2}Pearson test
\end{table}
You need some boilerplate around this to set up the document -- the LaTeXTemplate in TexShop should do.
Your \begin{table} is commented out with a preceding %
There are some missing backslashes in the legend text -- possibly these are just cut & paste artefacts?
This thrown-together version works for me, though you may need to tweak it for your purposes:
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[!tbp]
\caption{Descriptive Statistics by treatment\label{f}}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\hline
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Drug}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Placebo}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{Test Statistic}
\tabularnewline
&\multicolumn{1}{c}{{\scriptsize $N=263$}}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{{\scriptsize $N=237$}}&
\tabularnewline
\hline
age&{\scriptsize 46.5~}{49.9 }{\scriptsize 53.2} &{\scriptsize 46.7~}{50.0 }{\scriptsize 53.4} &$ F_{1,498}=0.1 ,~ P=0.754 ^{1}$
\tabularnewline
sex~:~m&47\%~{\scriptsize~(123)}&44\%~{\scriptsize~(104)}&$ \chi^{2}_{1}=0.42 ,~ P=0.517 ^{2} $
\tabularnewline
Primary~Symptoms~:~Depressed&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$
\tabularnewline
~~~~Headache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$
\tabularnewline
~~~~Hangnail&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$
\tabularnewline
~~~~Muscle~Ache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$
\tabularnewline
~~~~Stomach~Ache&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&0\%~{\scriptsize~(0)}&$^{2}$
\tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\noindent {\scriptsize $a$\ }{$b$\ }{\scriptsize $c$\ } represent the lower quartile $a$, the median $b$, and the upper quartile $c$ for continuous variables.\\
Numbers after percents are frequencies.\\
\indent Tests used:\\
\textsuperscript{\normalfont 1}Wilcoxon test;
\textsuperscript{\normalfont 2}Pearson test
\end{table}
\end{document}
If you use the package stargazer (available on CRAN), you can use the argument out="filename.tex" to output the LaTeX code directly into a Tex document. That document should then be easy to compile.
It sounds like you may not have a document class defined, or you are not using a document class that defines the table environment.
I'm currently writing an API document in LaTeX. I have a tabular environment with a list of error codes and descriptions, like so:
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Code} & \textbf{Description} \\ \hline
1 & (description of error 1) \\ \hline
2 & (description of error 2) \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
At various places later in the document, I reference an error's code and its description together, like so:
Possible error conditions:
\begin{itemize}
\item 1---(description of error 1)
\end{itemize}
I want to automate this process so I don't have to retype the descriptions every time. I have tried using a counter, labels, and the \savebox command, but it's pretty cumbersome:
\newcounter{error}
% Inside the tabular environment:
\newsavebox{\ErrorOne}
\savebox{\ErrorOne}{(description of error 1)}
\refstepcounter{error} \label{ErrorOne} \arabic{error} & \usebox{\ErrorOne} \\ \hline
and later, to reference the error,
\ref{ErrorOne}---\usebox{\ErrorOne}
I particularly object to having to use ErrorOne for the labels but \ErrorOne (with the leading backslash) for the saveboxes. I also don't really want names like ErrorOne, since I might need to change the order at some point. What I want is to be able to define a few commands:
\newerror{errorlabel}{Description} % defines the error (doesn't output anything)
\errorcode{errorlabel} % outputs the error code
\errordesc{errorlabel} % outputs the error description
and then be able to say something like
\newerror{ArgumentError}{Too many arguments}
\newerror{DatabaseError}{Could not connect to database}
% Inside the tabular environment:
\errorcode{ArgumentError} & \errordesc{ArgumentError} \\ \hline
\errorcode{DatabaseError} & \errordesc{DatabaseError} \\ \hline
% Later on:
\errorcode{DatabaseError}---\errordesc{DatabaseError}
with the error codes (1, 2, 3, ...) being automatically generated like labels would be.
Any ideas?
The following works for me
\catcode`\#=11
\newcounter{error}
\def\newerror#1#2{\refstepcounter{error}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname errno##1\endcsname{\arabic{error}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname errds##1\endcsname{#2}%
}
\def\errorcode#1{\expandafter\printerrinfo \csname errno##1\endcsname}
\def\errordesc#1{\expandafter\printerrinfo \csname errds##1\endcsname}
\def\printerrinfo#1{\ifx#1\relax\errmessage{Error code is invalid}%
\else\expandafter#1\fi}
\catcode`\#=12
\newerror{ArgumentError}{Too many arguments}
\newerror{DatabaseError}{Could not connect to database}
\errorcode{DatabaseError}---\errordesc{DatabaseError}
In your preamble, create new commands for each error, then just call the command:
\newcommand{\errorone}{this is the error and its description}
then in the body, just call the new command:
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Code} & \textbf{Description} \\ \hline
1 & \errorone \\ \hline