I have set tocdepth to a lower number, so that other subsections are not included in the list. But instead of just removing these items, LaTeX leaves a gap. How does it happen? How could it be prevented?
We need details, including the document class, the exact tocdepth number, and the set of section headings actually used in your document. Two hypotheses:
You have not run LaTeX enough times for the TOC to stablize—possible but unlikely.
You have set the tocdepth to 1, and the document class you are using deliberately puts extra space between level 1 headings (\sections)—slightly more likely.
The table of contents may include a stretchable space in between each of the entries. If the style allows it, put a \vfill after the \tableofcontents but before any \newpages, and see if that makes a difference.
Usually I recommend one of the titletoc or tocloft packages to format ToC entries.
I can heartily recommend the memoir document class, which I use for everything from poetry to business cards. I'm very, very happy with the investment I made to learn it, even though it wasn't negligible.
In particular, to tinker at your TOC entry formatting, search for \cftbeforeKskip in memman.pdf.
The final solution will probably look something like this:
\setlength{\cftbeforechapterskip}{0pt}
or
\setlength{\cftbeforesectionskip}{0pt}
etc... (depending on which level of entry you want to adjust)
Related
My latex file is:
\title{\large\textbf{Optimizarea rela\c tiei dintre structur\u a \c si comportament \^in modelarea UML}}
\author{
Sorin Oltean \\
\textit{Universitatea Transilvania din Bra\c sov} \\
\small\textit{oltean.s#gmail.com, sorin.oltean#romtelecom.ro} \\
\small Tel.: 0752/314288
}
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\renewcommand\abstractname{\textit{\textbf{Abstract}}}
\begin{abstract}
Something..... text.........
\end{abstract}\\\
\textbf{Cuvinte cheie:} \textit{sistem, structur\u a, comportament, UML}
\section{Introducere}
\paragraph{ }
Para11.............
\paragraph{ }
Para2......
\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
\bibliography{main}
\end{document}
After para1, i wanna start a new paragraph, but between the paragraphs there is a blank line, how can i start the 2nd paragraph below the 1st one, without that blank space?
Also, how can i define the margins (top, down, left, right) of the document? There is too much space from the left, right, top and down, i wanna just 2cm space from the left and right, and 3cm from the top and down. Sorry for my bad english..
Also how can i specify the font name and size of the document?
Thanks!
I see you make several mistakes that are typical for beginners:
Don't use the standard classes for generic documents (article, report, book), they are too inflexible. Use the KOMA-Script classes (scrartcl, scrreprt, scrbook) or the memoir class instead.
Don't change the default settings until you have read books or articles about typography.
In particular, the default page margins are OK, there is no need to change them. Margins of 2 cm would be way too narrow.
When it comes to fonts, the answer depends on which engine you use: pdfTeX-based documents require specially-crafted packages, whereas modern engines (XeTeX and LuaTeX) can access system fonts. Like before, don't switch fonts light-heartedly. Only very few fonts of high quality are available to normal users. In particular, never use Arial or Times New Roman. On Mac OS X, you could use Hoefler Text, on Windows Cambria, for example.
Don't include formatting commands in token lists that are intended for plain strings like \title or \abstractname; use the formatting commands that your document class provides.
\paragraph is a sectioning commands that creates a heading; use blank lines to separate simple text paragraphs.
Load the inputenc package (only necessary in the case of pdfTeX) so that you can enter non-ASCII characters directly.
The \documentclass command must come first.
Don't use the geometry package unless you have very specific and unavoidable requirements.
Avoid the parskip package; modern document classes already include its functionality; and normally, paragraphs should be marked by indents, not by vertical space, so no changes to the default are required.
Never use the fullpage package, it's completely outdated.
Like the others said, start by reading some introductory material about LaTeX like the Short Introduction.
Read the document Obsolete packages and commands.
Use the geometry package. It allows full control over margins etc.
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{margin=2cm}
The space between paragraphs can be set via parskip:
\setlength{\parskip}{0cm}
However, parskip does not work for paragarphs introduced by \paragraph. But if your paragraphs do not need a caption (as I assume since you wrote \paragraph{}, it may be better to begin paragraphs just with a blank line:
\setlength{\parskip}{0cm}
Here goes the first paragraph.
Here the second. With no space. Note that this paragraph was introduced with a blank line.
\paragraph{The third paragraph} This paragraph will have a small offset, since it is introduced explicitly with paragraph command.
I would suggest this as a good reference to start with. Familarize yourself with the way documents are prepared for LaTeX.
1) There is no need to use \paragraph{}, just an empty line between paragraphs is enough. This will create a visible vertical space between paragraphs (that's why you wanted different paragraphs, right?). If you are bothered by the default indention for the new paragraph have a look at the documentation for \noindent or \parskip.
2) If you really have to start tweaking the page layout (i.e. your university/journal/employer doesn't already provide an accepted class or style) have a look at the geometry package.
3) There should be some fonts available in your installation already (beton, helvet, palatino?), and these can be loaded as packages. It really depends on what exactly you need to do.
For paragraphs, try putting your text inside the {} so that you have
\paragraph{
Para11.............
}
But normally I think you can just put two lines between each paragraph and not bother with \paragraph{}. Otherwise, you can change the parskip value. Wikibooks shows how but I'm not allowed to post a 2nd link. It's in the Document Structure part of the Latex wikibook.
You can use the geometry package to specify your margins:
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{top=3cm, left=2cm, right=2cm, bottom=3cm}
Documentation
For less margins I recommend using fullpage, i.e.
\usepackage{fullpage}
see fullpage documentation for more information
Use the geometry package to change the margins of the document
\usepackage[top=3cm,left=2cm,right=2cm,bottom=3cm]{geometry}
I think the space between the paragraphs can be configured with the package:
\usepackage{parskip}
Documentation in CTAN is here. I haven't really tested it though.
For the margins you could do it manually with , the esaiest way is to do it the following package:
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}
You can check documentation here.
How could I number the tables in my article chapter based ? So I want all the tables in the fifth section to be numbered like "Table 5.1", ..., "Table 5.n".
I tried
\usepackage{chngcntr}
\counterwithin{figure}{section}
\counterwithin{table}{section}
\counterwithin{equation}{section}
but I am having some problems (missing package I guess).
However, I need a simpler solution, without the need to use such packages.
The article class doesn't have chapters. Try the book or report classes - you'll find that the tables and figures are automatically numbered according to chapter.
Here is a solution without the use of any package (courtesy of "The Latex Companion", A1.4):
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\thetable}{\thesection.\#arabic\c#table}
\#addtoreset{table}{section}
\makeatother
This resets the table counter whenever a new section is started, and formats it as sectionno.tableno instead of just tableno. You can change the figure and equation counters similarly.
If you are using the amsmath package (or an AMS class like amsart that loads it automatically), you can use
\numberwithin{table}{section}
This was created for equations, but works for any pair of counters though supposedly there might be tricky situations that it does not handle well.
IEEE conference publications in two-column format require authors to manually equalize the lengths of the columns on the last page of the final submission. I have typically done this by inserting a \newpage where necessary -- which usually ends up being somewhere amidst my (manually entered) references.
However, I have recently begun using BibTeX to manage references, and have now run into a problem: my last page contains only a few (generated) references, and I can't figure out how to manually equalize the columns.
The last page is the tail end of what is generated by:
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{IEEEabrv,library}
Any ideas on how I can equalize the columns while continuing to use BibTeX?
I have submitted to both ACM and IEEE conferences and the easiest thing for me has been using:
\usepackage{flushend}
I've heard it doesn't always work well, but it's been great for me
http://www.ctan.org/pkg/flushend
I went back to RTFM again, and it turns out this is addressed right in "How to Use the IEEEtran LaTeX Class" by Michael Shell (maintainer). Section XIV notes that IEEEtran helpfully provides the \IEEEtriggeratref{} command for just this purpose. By default, it fires a \newline at the given BibTeX reference number. You can even change the command to fire with \IEEEtriggercmd{}.
It can also be done by using the balance package. You simply include the balance package in the preamble (\usepackage{balance}) and insert \balance some place on the last page of your document (for instance right in front of the references). However, I'm not sure if it's working if the last page (both columns) is completely full of references...
IEEE requires authors to equalize the lengths of the columns on the last page.
ACM makes us do this too. I just wind up inserting \vfill\break by hand either in the main text or somewhere in the .bbl file, wherever it makes the columns balance. By the time camera-ready copy goes to ACM, they want the .bbl file inlined by hand anyway, so tinkering by hand does not present an additional hardship.
The reference-number trick might be nice except I never use numbered references :-)
The multicols environment works only if you're luck and your last page comes out exactly as bibliography.
It would be extremely good (and not so difficult) if some enterprising hacker would build the "balance the two columns in the last page" functionality straight into LateX's \output routine. The flexibility is there in the underlying engine, and it would make a lot of people happy.
Not sure if multicol conflicts with bibtex at all, and I don't have time to check, sorry. But try this:
use the multicol package:
\usepackage{multicol} in your preamble, then:
\begin{multicols}{2}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{IEEEabrv,library}
\end{multicols}
Multicol automatically balances columns. I would recomend using it through out your document, instead of using the .cls or .sty's twocolumn option.
I have a section:
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
I'd like a link to the section where the link text is the name of the section. I can use hyperref:
The \hyperrf[sec:introduction]{Introduction} introduces the paper.
But that requires repeating the section title ("Introduction"). Is there a way to grab that? ref yields the section number, which isn't right. autoref yields "section " and then the section number, which isn't right, either.
There are a couple of packages that provide this for you. nameref is distributed as part of hyperref to do this:
http://tug.ctan.org/cgi-bin/ctanPackageInformation.py?id=nameref
There is a more general package for cross-referencing basically anything, called zref:
http://tug.ctan.org/cgi-bin/ctanPackageInformation.py?id=zref
It's by the same author as hyperref, Heiko Oberdiek; it's the one that I would choose. Here's an example:
\documentclass[oneside,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[user,titleref]{zref}
\begin{document}
\section{Introduction of sorts.}\zlabel{sec:intro}
Hello
\subsection{Structure}
We begin in `\ztitleref{sec:intro}'.
\end{document}
Note that it even removes the trailing period in the section title.
As far as I know, there's no standard way to do this. Simply put, the sectioning commands don't store the names of the sections anywhere they can be easily retrieved. Yes, they're inserted into the Table of Contents (and associated auxiliary file) and marks are set, but access to those is unreliable at best and usually impossible without additional context, which is almost always unavailable by the time you need to refer back to the section.
The code sample you posted looks like what I would write. There might be a package to automate this, but if one exists it's probably pretty hairy code since this is really not a particularly common use case. Actually, to go all grammar nazi on you the final text you're creating is incorrect; the word "introduction" should be lowercase inside the sentence, and this can't be achieved (in general) with backreferences to the actual section titles.
I'd just suck it up and write out references like this manually. There won't be enough of them to justify automation. Of course, if you're doing something more involved than your example suggests (many auto-generated sections or something) things might be different, but if that's the case it's really a different question entirely.
You could try using
\newsavebox
\savebox
\usebox
which won't save you any typeing but will give you a single authoritative source for each title
And you might search ctan.org, I suspect this has been done already.
I am using LaTeX and in some cases have multiline footnotes.
When I use a two-column format and especially when the reference to a footnote is low in the column, LaTeX will often split the footnote in half: it starts in the original column, but then continues under another column (sometimes in another page), which is very distracting.
Is there a way to force LaTeX to never split footnotes and allocate enough space for them?
Use \interfootnotelinepenalty=10000 to totally disallow this. But be prepared for other layout artifacts... Setting the penalty lower than 10000 will give TeX some flexibility in deciding when the side effects are too bad to bear.
For a detailed discussion see the TeX FAQ item Why does LaTeX split footnotes across pages?
I've found that it's best to get the style sheet from where you're trying to publish, and just use their format (I'm assuming you're trying to publish somewhere, if you're using a double-column format). The editors can then handle wacky footnoting. If it's for a thesis, I don't know about your committee, but mine has told me that a single column, double-spaced is the way to go, which should avoid your problem in the first place.