Is F# a good language for card game AI? [closed] - f#

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Closed 10 years ago.
I'm writing a Mahjong Game in C# (the Chinese traditional game, not the solitaire kind). While writing the code for the bot player's AI, I'm wondering if a functional language like F# would be a more suitable language than what I currently use which is C# with a lot of Linq. I don't know much about F# which is why I ask here.
To illustrate what I try to solve, here's a quick summary of Mahjong:
Mahjong plays a bit like Gin Rummy. You have 13 tiles in your hand, and each turn, you draw a tile and discard another one, trying to improve your hand towards a winning Mahjong hand, which consists or 4 sets and a pair. Sets can be a 3 of a kind (pungs), 4 of a kind (kongs) or a sequence of 3 consecutive tiles (chows). You can also steal another player's discard, if it can complete one of your sets.
The code I had to write to detect if the bot can declare 3 consecutive tiles set (chow) is pretty tedious. I have to find all the unique tiles in the hand, and then start checking if there's a sequence of 3 tiles that contain that one in the hand. Detecting if the bot can go Mahjong is even more complicated since it's a combination of detecting if there's 4 sets and a pair in his hand. And that's just a standard Mahjong hand. There's also numerous "special" hands that break those rules but are still a Mahjong hand. For example, "13 unique wonders" consists of 13 specific tiles, "Jade Empire" consists of only tiles colored green, etc.
In a perfect world, I'd love to be able to just state the 'rules' of Mahjong, and have the language be able to match a set of 13 tiles against those rules to retrieve which rules it fulfills, for example, checking if it's a Mahjong hand or if it includes a 4 of a kind. Is this something F#'s pattern matching feature can help solve?

If you're familiar with functional languages, they're a great way to write game AIs -- and if you aren't, the challenge of learning one will help you grow, and leave you a better programmer than you were. (I could truthfully say the same for declarative Prolog-like languages, and dynamic scripting/OO/multi-paradigm languages such as Ruby or Python!-).
Your task as you describe it should be easy in any of these groups of languages -- so pick one and go for it! We'll collectively be happy to help with any questions that should spring from these attempts (I'm personally unfamiliar with F# or Scala, but would be happy to help with Haskell, any ML-family language, Scheme, or Erlang -- and similarly for the other groups;-).
Seriously: full command of at least one language in each broad category (procedural, functional, declarative/clause unification, relational, dynamic/multi-paradigm, etc) makes you a seriously better programmer -- mahjong apart (and it's a classically popular game in the Romagna region of Italy, close to my hometown Bologna;-), any task that can add to your roster in this respect is well worth undertaking!!!

There's nothing you can't make yourself that appears in another language.
I've tried to make AI using java before, based off what I'd done in Prolog. I thought it would be a bitch to code. However, I just had a couple of methods that did a lot of the grunt work, taking it out of the main methods, and it worked wonderfully.
You may need to reinvent the wheel, but there shouldn't be much you can't do in C# that you can in F#.
note: I've never heard of F# before, but it can't be that bad. I may/may not be blowing out of my own arse.

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Which Programming methodology to used for Final Year Project? [closed]

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Closed 11 years ago.
I am a final year Computer Science Student and as part of my Bachelors degree I am doing a project on Data Mining of Microarray DNA expression data. I will have to develop a few algorithms such as Bayesian Networks to run on my datasets to find out how each variable(genes) affect each other.
As part of my Project Proposal I have to talk about which methodology I will use to develop my software. From what I have learnt in school and from extra reading I find that the Incremental Development model seems a good idea. I would run 2- 3 iterations of Plan, Design, Implement until I get the full functionality of the software. Could somebody with more knowledge than me please tell me it this sounds like a good idea.
The reason why I am not 100% sure which methodology I would use is because I don't have a team to work on the software, I don't have a client with requirements and I am very limited in terms of the amount of time to work on the project as I have 3 other modules. All the methodologies which I have read about seem to be for big software projects with teams of developers. What do you do if you are just 1 person and focusing mainly on getting 3-4 algorithms to work rather than focusing on getting broad range of functionality.
I was also thinking of using UML to get a better idea what I want the software to do and using like a stripped down version of an Object Oriented Methodology.
My guess would be I would have to use parts of more than 1 methodology at a very basic level but I just can't pick.
I am very confused and lost on the subject so any help is greatly appreciated.
Thank You,
For these types of work, I would suggest not to pay much of attention to methodologies, because after all, what matters is the algorithm. But, for the sake of having a response for your dilemma, I would suggest using XP (eXtreme Programming). Why?
Is light
It doesn't require filling many papers as RUP & others
Is more suited for changing evironments, such as yours
Just take a fast search at Google for XP methodology and you'll get a bunch of useful results. ARUP (Agile RUP) might be worth looking also.
I hope I can help you.
XP/TDD is harmonious with the scientific method; each iteration is a theory, the tests are experiments
It takes a lot of discipline to follow a methodology while working solo, make sure you pick one that isn't labour intensive or you'll never live up to it.
If I was back at school in your situation with what I know now I'd probably go for Test Driven Development. Unit tests are ideal for testing algorithms and will leave you with a body of tests that you can use to demonstrate that you did follow a methodology.
Your idea to do the project in several iterations of plan, design, code and test is fine however with small projects it's sometimes difficult to resist the urge to do it all at once.
In case you do get carried away and finish the project in just one or two iterations, keep notes about the order in which you did things (ideally use a version control system) so that you'll at least be able to fudge your documentation to make it look like you used several iterations. Not that I'd endorse such an approach of course ;-)

Learning libraries without books or tutorials [closed]

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Closed 11 years ago.
While many ask questions about where to find good books or tutorials, I'd like to take the opposite tack.
I consider myself to be an entry-level programmer ready to move up to mid-level. I have written code in c, c++, c#, perl, python, clojure, vb, and java, so I'm not completely clueless.
Where I see a problem in moving to the next level is learning to make better use of the literally hundreds upon hundreds of libraries available out there.
I seem paralyzed unless there is a specific example in a book or tutorial to hand-hold me, yet I often read in various forums where another programmer attempts to assist with a question. He/she will look through the docs or scan the available classes/methods in their favorite IDE and seem to grok what's going on in a relatively short period of time, even if they had no previous experience with that specific library or function.
I yearn to break the umbilical chord of constantly spending hour upon hour searching and reading, searching and reading, searching and reading. Many times there is no book or tutorial, or if there is, the discussion glosses over my specific needs or the examples shown are too far off the path for the usage I had in mind or the information is outdated and makes use of deprecated components or the library itself has fallen out of mainstream, yet is still perfectly usable (but no docs, books, or tutorials to hand-hold).
My question is: In the absence of books or tutorials, what is the best way to grok new or unfamiliar libraries?
I yearn to slicken the grok path so I can get down to the business of doing what I love most -- coding.
Give a good programmer a manual and they can figure it out quickly. It is not reading books or tutorials that makes you a good programmer, it is actually programming. Practice. You want to be better and learn better, write more code. Set small coding goals or think of a simple application to make. The more you write while looking up syntax in books and tutorials, the more those syntaxes and practices will "click." The reason many are able to "grok what's going on in a relatively short period of time" is because most programming is just syntax.
I'll give you a personal example. I picked up a book on Objective-C to figure out iPhone development. Sat there reading it all last summer. Didn't know squat when I sat down to write the application I designed up in Photoshop. Sure, the ideas are up in my head, but I did not have any practical knowledge to execute them yet. At first the syntax was extremely confusing to me, but I have a lot of experience with programming in general, animation, and UI design, so once I "memorized" the syntax, the code started flowing more naturally. Now I can write Obj-C pretty fluidly without a manual and have better understanding of what task will be difficult and what will be easy.
My question is: In the absence of books or tutorials, what is the best way to grok new or unfamiliar libraries?
How about doing what you just did: asking a question here on StackOverflow? From my experience, questions of the type "how to do task A, B or C using library X" get answered fairly quickly, especially if they are beginner questions, and no matter how esoteric or outdated the library might appear to the questioner. In fact, on several occasions I have witnessed such questions being answered by the developer of the library himself.
Even if a library seems to have "fallen out of mainstream" quite a long time ago, chances are that there are still a few people here on SO who are using it or have used it at some point in the past.
Most importantly, you no longer have to "spend hour upon hour searching and reading [...] discussions that gloss over [your] specific needs, or examples [that] are too far off the path for the usage [you] had in mind", because you can tailor your question here on SO to your very own personal needs.
Libraries provide developers with a domain specific set of concepts with which to solve problems, not unlike natural (spoken) languages. The similarity is deeper than that: the same way knowing more natural languages makes it easier to pick up a new one, experience with more libraries eases the transition into using a new one. There's no magick bullet here: the more experience you have, the faster you progress because you can anticipate what using the library to solve the task might look like.
That aside, these are the things I find help when picking up a new library:
working examples with source, like the SmartGWT showcase
small API/simplicity, like XStream or CvsReader
high quality documentation, like the one from hibernate
The bet way to learn without books is in my opinion to start programming. Solving the problems which are facing you will teach you how to use the library.
If you want to inspect or search or learn a .NET assembly - Reflector. Its free, and very powerful.
http://www.red-gate.com/products/reflector/

Does it make sense to study COBOL? [closed]

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Closed 11 years ago.
I have had a talk with a friend of mine about the relative vulnerability of different types of IT workers to unexpected unemployment (e.g. layoffs, company going out of business, obsolete skills etc.)
as it seems COBOL developers (or maintainers?) seems very secure in their positions, regardless of the state if the economy or even how good they are. With so much critical COBOL code being around on the one side and the deminishing number of COBOL know-hows on the other , it actually makes sense to recommend someone starting their way in the IT world and looking for a relativity secure job to study and intern in COBOL!
what do you think ?
I started as a programmer with Cobol more than 10 years and worked with Cobol at different institutions then for several years.
Cobol as a technology is fairly easy to learn if you know any imperative programming language.
Cobol itself differs a lot on various platforms and versions - thus it is difficult to study the right version before hand.
The real challenge with Cobol is not the technology, but the complexity of the underlying business and the lack of documentation of the systems/programs. Thus the real value of a lot of COBOL experts is in fact not the actual COBOL knowledge, but the understanding of the business.
I think it makes sense to be a good software developer. For me personally, your question sounds a bit like: "What silo should I occupy to feel secure about my job and stop improving myself?" I know you didn't mean exactly this. But anyway, that's not the best motivation for choosing a career path.
I'd say: try tinkering on some COBOL code. If it's fun for you, go for it! Just as for dozens of other things you should try.
You have to understand that the arguments you made, are relative to time, that is now. We have seen time and again, how technologies seems so prominent at time t and becomes obsolete at time (t + 0.001). Though your arguments rotate around the very fact that COBOL is more or less obsolete, but they may find a new way to deal with it and again you become out of job. So here's rule number 1:
Never rely on one single technology.
With time, they always find ways to have lesser and lesser resources do the same thing. All you can do is to be a smart software professional. When you get the core part of computer programming, technologies wont matter, with time you could just learn them. So here's the second rule:
Don't just try to expertise a
technology, expertise software
engineering
Finally, to survive in IT you always need to be cutting-edge-aware. Also immaterial of all the above, you can still be laid off depending on the harshness of the recession. So finally:
Keep a back up line of work ready,
tommorow IT industry might not be
there :)
Try it, and if you like it then study it seriously.
If you learn it too well you may find you end up stuck in a COBOL role with no way out; it begins slowly and then you are drawn in because the knowledge is very specialised. If you enjoy it, that's fine - but if you try it and don't like it, then don't continue.
IMHO, It always makes sense to study a new language.
It's true that there's a lot of COBOL code running today, and much of that code is mission critical. However, how much actual COBOL coding is happening? I see large enterprises gradually replacing those COBOL systems.
From a practical standpoint, there's a huge base of legacy COBOL code running a lot of systems out in the world (many of them mission-critical) and it's likely cost-prohibitive to replace all of that software any time soon. The average COBOL programmer is probably nearing retirement age. Therefore one could reasonably assume that there will continue to be demand for new COBOL programmers for some indeterminate amount of time to come.
From a personal development/enrichment perspective, it certainly makes sense to study COBOL (and any number of other technologies both new and "less-new".). I'm not sure I'd put it near the top of my list, but its historical significance is reason enough to put it on the list. Somewhere.
My guess is that one of the reasons COBOL programmers (I'm a Fortran programmer, similar situation I suspect) are relatively secure is because they have oodles of experience; you won't get this from learning the language. Rather than ask how many COBOL jobs are there, ask yourself how often you see a COBOL job advertised. I think that it is much easier to hold on to one of these jobs than to get one.
And, of course, when one is advertised, you're in competition with all those very experienced currently-working-in-COBOL programmers.
Regards
Cobol developers are secure in their positions because their code makes money. It is not a horrible language to learn. Actually, it is rather nice once you grok the structure of it.
But it is only one tool in your tool box, you should have several.
I'd say it is not a complete nonsense to learn COBOL, as long as it is not the only technology you learn.

What scares you the most about the integrated IDE of most modern Smalltalks? [closed]

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Closed 11 years ago.
As I'm riding the wave of resurgence of Smalltalk (especially because many Ruby-on-Rails people are rediscovering Smalltalk and seeing Seaside as their next upgraded web framework), I get questions like "yeah, but how do I use my favorite editor to edit Smalltalk code?" or "Does Smalltalk still insist on living in a world of its own?".
Now, having first experienced Smalltalk back in 1981, I don't understand these questions very well. It seems rather natural that I'd want the editor and debugger to be savvy of my current code state, and integrate with the change control system that is Smalltalk-aware. Using an external editor or debugger or change control manager would seem very awkward.
So what is it that scares you the most about not being able to edit the five-line methods in Smalltalk with your favorite editor, or use your favorite non-Smalltalk-aware change control system?
Everything's different. Want to go to the end of the line? It's not Ctrl-E. Want to jump a few words over, by word? It's not Meta-F....
Text editing is a fundamental programming activity. Messing with those inputs is messing with something deep in my mind.
Edit: and here is someone asking for emacs key bindings on comp.lang.smalltalk in 1987.
The only Smalltalk I've spent any time with is Squeak, so my views may not apply to other Smalltalk environments.
What concerns me about the image-based approach is that, while you have wonderful things in the Smalltalk environment, it is a walled garden that makes it difficult to interoperate with anything outside that environment. For example, what if I want to use external tools like Yacc and Lex? What if I want to use some C or Python programs to generate Smalltalk code? What if I want to mix Smalltalk in with a bunch of code written in other languages, editing code in all those languages in one editor and keeping it all stored in the same source-code tree?
I'm sure it's possible to deal with all these issues by having your Smalltalk environment invoke system functions to control external tools. But how easy is it to let external tools control your Smalltalk environment? In other words, what if I want Smalltalk to be just another component, rather than the master of everything?
Nothing scares me in particular, but I found working out the API's in VW a bit of a chore, even when I had used other smalltalks. The effect of the browsers is that you tend to see the API's a little bit at a time and quite often it's not immediately obvious where you should look for particular functionality.
Smalltalk also suffers a bit from the paradigm shift to understand how it works. When I was doing my bachelor's degree at university (some time after I had first encountered Smalltalk) I got to enjoy a bit of Schadenfraude watching everyone else in the class getting over the initial paradigm hump as they learned the system (Squeak) for the first time.
I think the combination of the paradigm shift and functionality being somewhat buried in the class libraries makes for a bit of a steep learning curve. ST had a reputation for a fairly steep learning curve to really come up to speed - most of this is due to the large class libraries and the fact that most of the language functionality is buried somewhere in the libraries.
Also (and sadly), Java came along in the mid 1990s and grabbed all of the mindshare. The major Smalltalks have either died completely or been sold off to niche players. It's quite Ironic (in a happy way) that Ruby has served to re-awaken interest in Smalltalk but the lingering perception of 'also-ran' obsolescence doesn't help.
See This post of mine for some pontification about the merits (as I see them) of getting heavily involved in Smalltalk in this day and age.
I would be quite happy to go back into Smalltalk if the opportunity were to arise.
The one big show-stopper for me is that code I write one Smalltalk VM is STILL, after all these years, not compatible with other Smalltalk VMs.
I understand why that is: the core of Smalltalk is an extremely small set of axioms and keywords. This means that after 30 minutes of learning Smalltalk, you're already learning the API library rather than the language itself. I like that approach to language design.
What it all boils down to however, in the Smalltalk world, is that unless a consensus is reached between all VM vendors to have a common base Standard API, my Smalltalk code written for one VM is almost certain not to run on other VMs when I decide to switch.
This also has the corollary of obsoleting part of my knowledge of the space when I switch VMs.
Note that I have barely tried Smalltalk in my life. I'm far from being an expert. This understanding comes from speaking with James Robertson about a month ago.
Another point I'd like to make is that Seaside does in fact run on most popular Smalltalk VMs. I wonder how much of (what should have been) a Standard API they had to build for themselves to achieve that feat.
With all that said, I always have an ear out to hear more about the state of Smalltalk. I do want to try out Smalltalk's very powerful development environment (and its other goodies).
I know it's late but the biggest annoyance for me is that there is not really good editor in none of the smalltalks. It's a thing I can not understand. Working with text is so essential and that less "supported"....
It's always this just staring at one method and then you need to have some method finder or another browser around just to check another method. This is what I really dislike....
While the restricted Smalltalk environment made things like relying on a database driven source control system possible at times where other languages still struggled with having a proper editor, it makes integration very hard in todays times.
With tools like Eclipse or Team Foundation Server you get so used to having all tools integrate with each other. E.g. if a requirement is created, it is automatically linked to the change sets that the programmer commits to implement that requirement. This "boundary breaking" between formerly different tools is nearly impossible in the Smalltalk world, but with bigger projects, bigger teams, higher levels of abstraction and so on you need tools which are more than a fancy editor and help you throughout a full software development life cycle.
No useful support for navigating with the keyboard, or supporting platform UI behavior.
While it's true you don't really need an incredible text editor for (well-written) Smalltalk, being able to move around the environment while keeping your hands on the keyboard is quite useful (and in my case, essential to reducing RSI). I just was trying VisualWorks' inspector and the arrow keys didn't even work properly to move up and down a list. When I hit the space bar, I got a walkback. Sigh.
For the Windows world, there is nothing like Dolphin Smalltalk. The IDE is fantastic. Another quality product if you want to try is Visualworks, it works well, has a very fast VM and the documentation is pretty good.
I've used both in the past, there is nothing to fear.

Did you feel learning to program with turtle graphics was useful? [closed]

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Closed 10 years ago.
I'm preparing to teach someone to program. When I learned the course material, I used turtle graphics for the first few exercises. In reading introductory textbooks, I have not found one that uses the technique. Did others find this approach helpful? If not, what is a better way to learn to program?
I think it depends on age of the target group.
If they are children (I would say up to 12-14 years), doing any easy graphics is a good way to motivate them; on the other hand, don't expect them to learn much about real programming or algorithms.
If they are teens (14-18), it's perhaps still good to use some algorithms that give pretty results (for example 3D or fractals), but since they are older and capable of more abstract thinking, I don't think 2D turtle graphics is interesting enough.
If they are older, doing any graphics is a distraction. At that age, they should have enough inner motivation to learn without anything fancy.
To sum up, I think that fancy graphics serves more motivational role (that you see what you did fast, and it's easy to show others what can you do with a computer) than learning role (that it would make learning real programming easier).
In the late 80s, before I was programming in C, I was programming in Applesoft BASIC and Logo. As a child I thought the turtle was great because it make programming simple. If I decide to teach my children Logo I will probably start here to get an actively developed Logo interpreter.
The key thing about LOGO is user-defined functions. It is very good at conveying that, as long as you emphasize it. Show interactively how to draw a square, then make a new word called square. Then show how you can draw patterns using square. Then make those patterns into words, and so on.
You could do worse in teaching programming than using a tool like Scratch. It's a drag and drop programming interface and can be used to teach basic concepts of programming with some fun visual results (as can be seen from the gallery on their website).
Rob
Logo gave me a very clear picture (no pun intended) on how recursive functions would work, and since I was doing assembly programming at the time, the need to return to the previous state when returning to a method became very clear with Logo.
Recursive implementations of things where also very easy to see the effect of.
I wrote script/code in a c-like dialect for a game called Doom2 before I knew what programming was, so when it came to seriously learning about concepts such as pointers, inheritance and polymorphism I found the basics a breeze because I could construct a mental model to not only help me understand, but also appreciate how cool things like pointers and arrays are.
A friend of mine is a good programming student, but he gets frustrated when he can't visualize an algorithm working, when I was starting to help other students I found they had the same problem, if they can't see something working it's harder to appreciate as a fledgling programmer, the same friend eloquently suggested I "Show 'em some crazy pimp shit and then show them how it's done". He's right, even if someone really wants to learn something they'll be able to draw on more mental energy if they think what they're learning lets them do awesome things.
My best bit of advice is this: AT THE START SPEND AS LITTLE TIME PROGRAMMING TO THE CONSOLE AS POSSIBLE
It makes you feel constrained and your efforts appear futile, only after you appreciate it as a front end should it be used for learning to program. I wouldn't use logo myself because I don't think it can teach concepts such as the aforementioned polymorphism or inheritance nearly as well as other methods, I know a friend of mine is teaching a teenager how to program using XNA in a wrapper, I think anything that can let you blit an image to the screen is fine. That way you can see why you'd want an abstract base class called EnemyEntity with behavior that's inherited by zombie and dog etc. It's not that the concepts are hard to understand, it's just that at first they're hard to appreciate.
I could go on but I think that puts across what I've learned by teaching others. I think using graphics in teaching programming allows students to gain the ability to build mental models of intangible concepts faster than any other.
XNA If you want to teach C# that's an amazing graphics library, just write a wrapper sprite class to hide as much complexity when first starting out and teaching concepts.
SDL A lower level library if you're going to start with c++
During one of my first-year computer science papers we used Java to create fractal patterns via a turtle object.
It was pretty fun to see visually whether or not we had correctly implemented the algorithm required to produce a certain pattern. However, so answer the main question, I wouldn't say that programming via a turtle is useful. I'd say the best way to teach someone to program is to get them to build their own app to do whatever they want it to do. This gives them creative control, plus if they get stuck they can learn how to resolve a problem.
I strongly suggest to start with a interpreted language like Logo (not compiled) because of the quality of the error messages. Reading error messages is very important in this process. Also, at the easy level, Logo allows you to run your instructions one by one in direct mode and carry them to your procedures when you get the expected results.
# Alex: MicroWorlds is a commercial version of Logo and it does exist in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, etc. it's a big plus if you are not a native English-speaking person.
LOGO is not only Turtle-Graphics.
There are also other interesting concepts in it which come from LISP.
'Turtle' is just icing on the cake and the "imperative" side of Logo.
:)
I learned to program in BASIC by writing simple programs drawing faces (I mean circles and squares) on the screen. Somehow the whole turtle programming was never my thing, although a few of my friends learned that way. Later on I moved to Pascal, then to Delphi, Java and C++/C#.
In my opinion the trick is to "wow" your student and impress/empower with potential things that you can accomplish by writing your own programs. I would actually demonstrate some GUI programming or game programming. It's much easier to learn the basics by keeping the end goal in mind.
Recently I came across SmallBasic - a cool programming environment for kids designed to teach concepts. I would give that a try. It comes with a pretty complete paper describing how to use it.
When I got my first computer (VIC-20) and started programming it was very hard to explain to my parents what I was doing.
My mother tok a course in computing preparing for a project of computerizing the library she worked in. They had a couple of classes introducing them to programming. After learning LOGO she came home and said that she suddenly understood what I was into.
So LOGO with turtle graphics brought us closer together!
I did a "computing for kids" course in the late eighties, and there was an extensive section on turtle graphics using logo. In all honesty I was bored to tears, and learned virtually nothing from it.
I think "programming the turtle" might work better for someone who is artistically inclined, or hugely into geometry, but by and large, there are far more interesting problems to attack, even for kids.
Ah, the memories of good old Logo. I think I got more of a geometry lesson than a programming lesson out of it, e.g. figuring out how much to turn at various points to produce a particular shape, design or pattern. It may work if you plan on mixing geometry with the programming, but if the person doesn't have the basics of geometry, e.g. what is a square and how is it different from other 4-sided shapes, what is a triangle, etc.
I used logo and turtle at school too, a great introduction.
It looks like our kids will be getting a slightly updated interface with Microsoft Kodu. It looks very impressive. It's an icon based programming language made for creating games that runs on X-Box Live.
I'm currently learning python and using a little bit of turtle. In labs we haven't used it, but our homework does. It's nice to know it exists, and it's a good way to get certain commands and syntax in. Overall I don't feel it was completely necessary though.
When I was young, I found it very interesting. It was one of the first programming languages that I've learned, even though I've used it for about two days. It started my interest in programming.
Nowadays, I think the syntax is a bit unclear because most statements are abbreviations. Nowadays, computers are far more powerful thus the language could profit from clearer statement. Another factor is the native language of the person who is learning to use it. If English is not your native language then Logo becomes a bit more complex to understand. So if you're teaching Logo to children, make sure they're familiar with English terms first. (Quite easy if you're a native English-speaking person. More complex if you're originally Dutch, German, French, Portuguese. Even more complex if you're Russian or Chinese because you'd have to adjust to a different character set too.)
I have just begun teaching my 7-year-old how to program using Logo, and he is having a load of fun with it. The commands are easy enough for his limited reading ability and he just loves drawing cool pictures using the turtle graphics. I was amazed at how well he retained what he had learned using it, so I feel it was a good choice for his age.
For older kids (or adults) other languages might have more advantages as a beginner language though
Personal experience, YMMV...
My first encounter with a computer was turtle graphics in my early teens. I loved and was immediately hooked. (Perhaps because for the first time someone [something] did exactly what I told it to do?)
The visual and instant feedback made me want to do more and more. I really wanted to figure out how to replicate the pictures I saw in the book I was using. Without me even classifying it as "work", it slowly built up my early programming skills and my confidence I could learn on my own.
I credit it with sending me in the path I'm in today, a happy software developer who can't believe I get paid to do this work (I know, I know - all corporate snickering aside, I like my work).
As I said, YMMV.

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