I have created a windows service that uses Windows Messaging System. When I test the app from the debugger the Messages go through nicely but when I install it my messag … asked 14 mins ago
vladimir
1tuga
Services don't generally receive window messages. They don't necessarily have window handles at all. Even if they do, they run in a separate desktop. Programs cannot send messages from one desktop to another, so a service can only receive messages from another service, or from a program started by a service.
Before Windows Vista, you could have configured your service to interact with the desktop. That makes the service run on the same desktop as a logged-in user, so a program running as that user could send messages to your service's windows. Windows Vista isolates services, though; they can't interact with any user's desktop anymore.
There are many other ways to communicate with services. They include named pipes, mailslots, memory-mapped files, semaphores, events, and sockets.
With a socket, for instance, your service could listen on an open port, and programs that need to communicate with it could connect to that port. This could open the door to remote administration, but you can also restrict the service to listen only for local connections.
All the above is trying to tell you that you're taking the wrong approach. But there's also the matter of the problem at hand. Your program behaves one way in the debugger and another way outside it. How are you debugging the service in the first place, if it's not installed? What user account is your service running as? Your debugger? What debugging techniques have you tried that don't involve the debugger (e.g. writeln to a log file to track your program's actions)?
What do you mean when you say it "uses" Windows Messaging System? Are you consuming or sending Windows Messages?
If you send a Windows message, you need ensure you are doing it correctly. I'd suggest writing a message loop to ensure your messages are being dispatched properly. I'd also suggest reading up on message loops and how they work.
What is a Message Loop (click the title to be taken to the source of this info)
while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
{
TranslateMessage(&Msg);
DispatchMessage(&Msg);
}
The message loop calls GetMessage(),
which looks in your message queue.
If the message queue is empty your
program basically stops and waits
for one (it Blocks).
When an event occures causing a
message to be added to the queue
(for example the system registers a
mouse click) GetMessages() returns a
positive value indicating there is a
message to be processed, and that it
has filled in the members of the MSG
structure we passed it. It returns 0
if it hits WM_QUIT, and a negative
value if an error occured.
We take the message (in the Msg
variable) and pass it to
TranslateMessage(), this does a bit
of additional processing,
translating virtual key messages
into character messages. This step
is actually optional, but certain
things won't work if it's not there.
Once that's done we pass the message
to DispatchMessage(). What
DispatchMessage() does is take the
message, checks which window it is
for and then looks up the Window
Procedure for the window. It then
calls that procedure, sending as
parameters the handle of the window,
the message, and wParam and lParam.
In your window procedure you check
the message and it's parameters, and
do whatever you want with them! If
you aren't handling the specific
message, you almost always call
DefWindowProc() which will perform
the default actions for you (which
often means it does nothing).
Once you have finished processing
the message, your windows procedure
returns, DispatchMessage() returns,
and we go back to the beginning of
the loop.
Thank you all for the answers,
the issue was the operating system (vista), i tested the with my windows 2000 and everything works.
thanks for the light Rob.
Related
Using Delphi 2007...
I have an application which uses a mutex to enforce one running instance only. In the dpr unit, if the mutex already exists, I get a handle to the running instance with FindWindow, no problem so far. A second instance is commonly started by a virtual printer driver with reference to a filename on the command line. If there is a command line file reference then I want to simply post a message to the running instance and halt the new instance.
I'm using this...
PostMessage(hwnd,WM_STARTUP_MESSAGE,0,0); //hwnd as returned by FindWindow
WM_STARTUP_MESSAGE is defined as WM_APP + 6057
I have one user with the problem that the WM_STARTUP_MESSAGE is not processed in the main thread. From logging startup information in the dpr unit it was shown that the PostMessage returned false and SysErrorMessage(GetLastError) is:
Zugriff verweigert (his windows german translation is Access Denied).
I have many, many users of this application and I have only had 2 reports of this problem and cannot reproduce here. On Windows 10 here and so is at least 1 of the problem users, the other one I'm not sure of.
I am using ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx in the main form's OnCreate to allow WM_COPYDATA. I had the idea of simply including WM_STARTUP_MESSAGE there as well but that leads to a crash as that function does not like that message index value, so I presume it is reserved for a specific range of message values.
Has anyone seen this before and can offer some guidance?
Per the PostMessage() documentation:
When a message is blocked by UIPI the last error, retrieved with GetLastError, is set to 5 (access denied).
What is User Interface Privilege Isolation (UIPI) on Vista
This is also known as UI Privilege Level Isolation (UIPI).
As part of the secure initiatuve in Vista, applications with UI will run in three different levels of privilege. Application windows can interact with others windows of the same or lower levels, but cannot interact with applications at higher level/permission.
Lower privilege modes can send messages to higher privileged applications only if explicitly allowed by the higher privilege application with a message calling ChangeWindowMessageFilter(). Also lower privileged applications can only read a HWND owned by a higher privileged application.
Internet Explorer is an example process that runs at the lowest privilege level.
Windows Integrity Mechanism Design
User Interface Privilege Isolation (UIPI) implements restrictions in the windows subsystem that prevents lower-privilege applications from sending window messages or installing hooks in higher-privilege processes. Higher-privilege applications are permitted to send window messages to lower-privilege processes. The restrictions are implemented in the SendMessage and related window message functions. Not all window messages that are sent from a lower-privilege process to a higher-privilege process are blocked. Generally, “read” type messages, for example WM_GETTEXT, can be sent from a lower-privilege to a higher-privilege window. However, write type messages, such as WM_SETTEXT, are blocked.
...
UIPI does not interfere with or change the behavior of window messaging between applications at the same privilege (or integrity) level. UIPI prevents lower-privilege processes from accessing higher-privilege processes by blocking the following behavior. A lower-privilege process cannot:
Perform a window handle validation of a process running with higher rights.
Use SendMessage or PostMessage to application windows running with higher rights. These APIs return success but silently drop the window message.
Use thread hooks to attach to a process running with higher rights.
Use journal hooks to monitor a process running with higher rights.
Perform dynamic link library (DLL) injection to a process running with higher rights.
So clearly, when the error occurs, the HWND you are posting to belongs to a process that is running at a higher integrity/privilege level than the process that is posting the message. You can use SysInternals' Process Explorer to check that.
You said the second instance of your app is being run by a virtual printer driver, so the driver is likely running at a lower integrity level than an instance of the app that is started by the user.
ChangeWidowMessageFilter/Ex() does not have any restrictions on non-system message IDs (some system messages cannot be filtered). It will certainly not crash on a user-defined message ID. If you do not have permission to change the message filter for a given HWND/MsgID, the function will simply return FALSE instead, and GetLastError() will tell you why.
If you are experiencing a crash, it is related to something else in your code.
Also, the Form's OnCreate event is not the best place to call ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx(). During the course of the program's lifetime, the Form may have to recreate its HWND dynamically, maybe even more than once. Every time a new HWND is created, you have to call ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx() again. The best way to account for that is to override the Form's virtual CreateWnd() method, eg:
type
TMyForm = class(TForm)
protected
procedure CreateWnd; override;
end;
procedure TMyForm.CreateWnd;
begin
inherited;
ChangeWindowMessageFilterEx(Handle, WM_STARTUP_MESSAGE, MSGFLT_ALLOW, nil);
end;
I have an Orchestration with a Direct Bound Logical port. Lets call it "O1"
O1 subscribes to message type "A" (specified in the filter property of the Receive Port)
When O1 receives a message of type "A" it waits for some user input before completing. (Some correlation in play here)
So far so good...
I have a second orchestration, "O2" that constructs and pushes a message of type "A" to the message box.
When this happens, I get many instances of O1 starting up.
All I can think of is that as long as an instance of O1 is in existence, the message is still available on the message box for subscribers to consume. So, I will I'm getting instances of the orchestration being created constantly.
When a message is being processed by an Orchestration does it remain in the Message Box until completion?
Would be very grateful is someone can explain what's going on and what I'm missing!
When a message is being processed by an Orchestration does it remain in the Message Box until completion?
No. Actually the message is in the message box, but it is marked as active. So no other process will use it. Maybe O1 is constructing a messages of type A so it reactivate itself.
Look at this Tips And Tricks article:
Now for the fun part. A common pitfall with Direct-Bound ports, particularly the Message Box variety, is creating an infinite loop. Imagine a simple orchestration consisting of just two shapes, an Activate=True Receive shape (Direct-Bound, of course) and a Send shape that merely forwards the message to a FILE port. When this orchestration sends the message out, where does it go? As always, first to the Message Box. Whenever a message arrives in the Message Box, BizTalk searches for any subscriptions that match. And how will this message differ from the message that activated the orchestration in the first place? It won’t, so BizTalk will gladly fire off another instance of your orchestration to process it, and so on, until you run out of memory.
I connect to a running node with the -remsh flag, and I run my usual Common Test sanity tests, but none of the error_logger:info_msg messages appear in the shell. Why?
The SASL default event handler will only write events to console/tty of the local node.
When connecting via "-remsh", you're starting a second node and communicating via
message passing to the first. The output from the "nodes()" BIF can confirm this.
Calls to the error_logger functions will send events to the local 'error_logger'
registered process, which is a gen_event server. You can manipulate it using
error_logger:tty/1 and error_logger:logfile/1, see the reference docs in the "Basic"
Application Group, then the "kernel" application, then the "error_logger" module.
You can also add your own event handler to the 'error_logger' server, which can then
do anything you want with the event. I'd guess that error_logger:logfile/1 might be
sufficient for your purposes, though.
-Scott
I'm using the UPS service to monitor the state of my UPS from an application -- the key at HKLM\SYSTEM\CCS\Services\UPS\Status has all the information you can get from the Power control panel. BUT -- I'd like to be able to tell the UPS to shut down from my app as well. I know that the service can tell the UPS to shut down -- for instance, after running a set number of minutes on battery -- and I'm wondering if there's some kind of command I can send to the service to initiate a shutdown manually.
I'm having trouble searching for this information -- people tend to misspell "Uninterruptible" (hrm, Firefox red-lined that but doesn't have an alternative) and "UPS" just gets hits for the shipping service. Maybe I can do something through System.ServiceController, or WMI?
CLARIFICATION: Yes, I am talking about powering down the physical UPS device. I know how to stop the service. I figured it would be a common problem -- I want my UPS to turn off with the PC. I had an idea I'm going to try, based on this page. You see, APC (and everybody else) has to supply a DLL for the UPS service to call, and since the function calls are well documented, there's no reason I shouldn't be able to P/Invoke them. I'll re-edit this once I know whether or not it worked.
Update: I tried invoking UPSInit, then UPSTurnOff, and nothing happens. I'll tinker with it some more, but the direct call to apcups.dll might be a dead end.
Check my comments to Herman, you want to shut the UPS down, not the UPS SERVICE, correct? I mean, you want that thing to shut off, kill the power, etc, right?
If so, you are looking it on a UPS by UPS model. I doubt two of them would work the same.
In your searches, instead of UPS, try "APC", or "battery". I think a lot of the code is what runs on laptops to deal with being on battery, etc...
Some place hidden in some dusty old files I have protocol information for APC UPS's, and the commands they respond to, and what they send to the PC etc. But this was WAY back in the day when we used to connect our UPS's to our computers with SERIAL cables... You could actually talk to a UPS with Qmodem or Hyperterm...
Learned it from talking to the guys at APC. They are very nice, and helpful. Now-a-days, I think you just post a URL coming from your Powerchute software, and it will talk directly to the UPS, and carry out your commands.
OK, I have the answer (tested!), but it's not pretty. My APC UPS communicates using the APC "Smart" protocol (more here). What you need in my case is a "soft shutdown", "S" command. But first you need to make sure it's in "Smart" mode ("Y"). Now, if you want to let the Windows UPS service monitor state, the service will have an iron grip on the COM port. So you can either a) let the Windows service turn the UPS off, or b) kill the service and turn the UPS off yourself.
The UPS itself has a "grace period" after it gets the "S" command, giving you time to shut down your OS. This means that to do (a) above, you have to:
Kill utility (mains) power
Wait for the Windows UPS Service timeout (default and minimum 2 minutes)
Wait for Windows to shut down -- right near the end, it will send the "S" command
Wait for the UPS grace period, after which it will actually turn itself off
I think we're going to opt for (a), just because (b) involves extra work killing the service and implementing the serial comms.
Please, tell in what language are you trying to do that... if you're using .NET you can do that with ServiceController class (read the docs).
For controlling services in Win32 API using C/C++, Service Functions (Windows).
For example to stop a service you can use ControlService function as follows (this is a quick and dirty example):
OpenService (hServMgr, TEXT("\\UPS_SERVICE_0"), SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
SERVICE_STATUS stat;
ControlService (hUpsService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &stat)
Note that you need to provide a Service Manager handle in hServMgr and the \\UPS_SERVICE_0 name is the name that must match with your desired UPS service (either the Windows built-in or another).
Remember that to stop a service you need the proper security rights. This is not a problem with an Adminstration account, but keep in mind what happens when logging with a non-admin account.
Hope that helps.
About shutting down the physical UPS device, I remember back in WIn98 days I was able to poweroff the device talking with the UPS through the COM port, altough I don't remember the brand or how the programming interface was.
I understand that Window's Services have no desktop, and can't access any of the user's desktops directly (indeed, they can run when there is no desktop loaded). Why is it though that launching a form in a Window's Service causes an error?
A service should run without any user interaction, so there is no need for a form. If a service has to wait around for user feedback then it probably isn't going to be doing what it is supposed to.
You have to understand three related concepts: sessions, windows stations and desktops. But because there's a one-to-one relationships between sessions and stations, we can broadly ignore stations for this discussion. A session contains a station (winSta0 being the only interactive station) and stations contain one or more desktops.
Now session architecture differs according to Windows version. For NT <= 5 (XP/2003 and everything before them) services execute in session 0 along with the interactive user's apps. This is why you can configure services to interact with the desktop in these Windows NT versions - they are in the same session. For NT >= 6 (Vista, Server 2008 going forwards), services exists in session 0 but the interactive desktop is in another session. This is what's known as "service hardening", and is basically a security fix.
So since session 0 apps cannot get at the interactive console, it makes no sense for them to attempt to display a user interface of any kind.
Just to make this more confusing, Vista has a temporary kludge to cater for this situation: if an app in session 0 tries to create a dialog, Windows will trap this and present a warning to the user so they switch to a (I presume temporary) desktop where they can interact with the dialog. However this measure is explicitly temporary and you cannot rely upon it being in future Windows releases. I've seen this working in native code, but I suspect you are in managed code and the runtime is being smart enough to catch your behaviour and deliver a metaphorical slap to the hindquarters :-).
Ummm... what and whose desktop is that form going to appear on, exactly? A 'desktop' is an operating system concept: each window handle is owned by a specific desktop within a window station belonging to a single (interactive) user. The process within which the service is executing isn't going to find the user's visible desktop in its window station. For a rather dry reference, look at MSDN.
Actually, it's even nastier. You might be able to configure permissions for the service to be able to create a desktop -- but then nobody will see it! Alternatively, you could grant the process the rights to switch desktops, and confuse the heck out of the user!
There's a setting you must enable in order to allow your Windows Service to access certain folders directly (like desktop) or show forms (including MessageBox pop-ups): "Allow service to interact with desktop"
To see this, right click on My Computer => Manage => Services and Applications => Services. Double-click on a service to access its properties. On the "Log On" tab there is a checkbox for this setting.
Here is an article for how to set it programmatically in C#
[Edit] As Stephen Martin points out in the comments: this is only valid advice for pre-Vista versions of Windows.
Because if nobody is going to see the Form, nobody is going to dismiss it - running a modal dialog is a recipe for a hang - so you want it to complain loudly when this happens rather than sit there quietly until you kill the process (or look at a stack trace to determine what'd going on). (The other obvious problem is, who is going to pick the DialogResult if there is more than one possibility?) You want to know when this is happening. (Assert dialogs that dont throw if they cant show anything are a fun way of making people mad.).
In other words, because you want to know when things are confused enough in your code that a dialog is being shown within a service context.
(I'm assuming you're using Windows Forms on .NET, eve though you didnt tag it as such)
(If you have correctly configured things such that the service is allowed to interact with the desktop, you won't get an Exception)
When a Windows Service is started it is assigned to a Window Station and Desktop according to well documented, though somewhat obscure rules. As mentioned elsewhere it is not assigned to the interactive desktop (unless it is set to interact with the desktop on a pre-Vista OS) but it definitely runs in a desktop.
It is a common misconception that services cannot use UI elements. In fact many services (such as SQL Server) have in the past used hidden windows and windows messages for thread synchronization and work distribution purposes. There is no reason that a Form cannot be shown in a service. If you are getting an error it is due to something you are doing with the form or some component that is on the form. The most likely issues have to do with whether or not you need an STA thread for your form or are you creating a message pump for your form or something similar.
While you certainly can use a form in a Windows Service you almost certainly shouldn't. There will be threading issues, cross apartment call issues, possible blocking UI issues, etc. There are a very few situations where using a window in a service is a good choice but there is a better way, with no UI, in 99.99% of all cases.
Because at the time when the operating system needs to paint the window there is nothing to draw the form on.