Highlighting inline code snippets with the latex listings package - latex

Question

In my latex document I am using the listings package extensively.
I have many short inline code snippets that I like to give a proper highlighting in the text, and I am using the \lstMakeShortInline construct. Now I am interested in highlighting (background coloring) at least some of those code inserts for clarity, and was trying the following:
\lstMakeShortInline[language=Python,basicstyle=\ttfamily, backgroundcolor=\color{lightgray}]!
hoping that usage like:
some text some text !read_csv()! some more text
Will result in read_csv() appearing on a light-gray background, but it does not seem to work. The \ttfamily format works well in this situation.
(Thanks to samcarter_is_at_topanswers.xyz)
Here is a minimal example:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}
\lstset{language=Python}
\begin{document}
\lstMakeShortInline[language=Python, keywordstyle={\bfseries \color{blue}}, backgroundcolor=\color{yellow}]!
Here is the keyword !for!, showing that the \textbf{keywordstyle} setting takes effect, but the \textbf{backgroundcolor} setting does not.
\textbf{backgroundcolor} fails to take effect also when applied to a non-keyword !df.read_csv()! code snippet.
\end{document}
Is this possible with the listings package?
Thanks
Michael

Answer 1

Based on https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/357239/36296 you could do something like (make sure that ! does not occur in the normal text or use a different character):
% !TeX program = lualatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor,listings,realboxes,fancyvrb} % fancyvrb for '\Verb' macro
\definecolor{mygray}{rgb}{0.8,0.8,0.8}
\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily, breaklines = true, backgroundcolor=\color{mygray}}
\usepackage[doublespacing]{setspace} % just for this example
\usepackage{luacode} % for 'luacode' environment
\begin{luacode}
-- the following code employs Lua's powerful "string.gsub" function
function color_lstinline ( s )
s = string.gsub ( s , "%b!!", "\\Colorbox{mygray}{%0}" )
return s
end
\end{luacode}
%% Define 2 LaTeX macros to switch operation of Lua function on and off
\newcommand{\ColorLstinlineOn}{\directlua{
luatexbase.add_to_callback ( "process_input_buffer" ,
color_lstinline, "color_lstinline" )}}
\newcommand{\ColorLstinlineOff}{\directlua{
luatexbase.remove_from_callback ( "process_input_buffer" ,
"color_lstinline" )}}
\AtBeginDocument{\ColorLstinlineOn} % Default: activate the Lua function
\lstMakeShortInline[language=Python, keywordstyle={\bfseries \color{blue}}, backgroundcolor=\color{yellow}]!
\begin{document}
!for!
\end{document}