How can I align equations belong to different { part? [closed] - latex

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I am a beginner in latex. I have the following piece of latex code. The code is working fine but I wish all the equality operators and the "if kflag=n" of each equation be aligned and written in one equation box with one equation counting number. How can it be done?
\begin{equation} %kflag=0
\left \{
\begin{array}{rl}
T =& (1-D)\sigma_{max,0}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times \frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}\\
K =& \frac{(1-D)\sigma_{max,0}}{\delta_n}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times (1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n})\\
\end{array}
\right.
\quad \text{if} \quad kflag=0
\end{equation}
\begin{equation} %kflag=1
\left \{
\begin{array}{rl}
T =& \alpha\sigma_{max,0}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times \frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}\\
K =& \frac{\alpha\sigma_{max,0}}{\delta_n}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times (1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n})\\
\end{array}
\right.
\quad \text{if} \quad kflag=1
\end{equation}
\begin{equation} %kflag=2
\left \{
\begin{array}{rl}
T =& (1-D)\sigma_{max,0}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times \frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}+T_{max}-\\
&(1-D)\sigma_{max,0}\times e\times\frac{\Delta_{max}}{\delta_n}+\\
&10\times \sigma_{max,0}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times \frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}\\
K =& 11\times\frac{(1-D)\sigma_{max,0}}{\delta_n}\times e^{1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}\times (1-\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n})\\
\end{array}
\right.
\quad \text{if} \quad kflag=2
\end{equation}
\begin{equation} %kflag=3
\left \{
\begin{array}{rl}
T =& T_{max}+K\times(\Delta_n-\Delta_{max})\\
K =& \frac{(1-D)\sigma_{max,0}*e}{\delta_n}\\
\end{array}
\right.
\quad \text{if} \quad kflag=3
\end{equation}
Right now the equations look like this

Here's an option using a multitude of nested structures - equation for the numbering, aligned for the horizontal alignment of structures and dcases (or cases) for the left-braced content.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\Ddn}{\frac{\Delta_n}{\delta_n}}
\newcommand{\smz}{\sigma_{\mathrm{max}, 0}}
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\begin{dcases}
\phantom{K}\mathllap{T} = (1 - D) \smz \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \Ddn \\
K = \frac{(1 - D) \smz}{\delta_n} \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \bigl( 1 - \Ddn \bigr)
\end{dcases} & \text{if $k$-flag} = 0 \\ % k-flag = 0
&\begin{dcases}
\phantom{K}\mathllap{T} = \alpha \smz \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \Ddn \\
K = \frac{\alpha \smz}{\delta_n} \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \bigl( 1 - \Ddn \bigr)
\end{dcases} & \text{if $k$-flag} = 1 \\ % k-flag = 1
&\begin{dcases}
\phantom{K}\mathllap{T} = \begin{aligned}[t]
&(1 - D) \smz \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \Ddn + T_{\mathrm{max}} \\
&{} - (1 - D) \smz \times e \times \frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{max}}}{\delta_n} \\
&{} + 10 \times \smz \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \Ddn
\end{aligned} \\
K = 11 \times \frac{(1 - D) \smz}{\delta_n} \times e^{1 - \Ddn} \times \bigl( 1 - \Ddn \bigr)
\end{dcases} & \text{if $k$-flag} = 2 \\ % k-flag = 2
&\begin{dcases}
\phantom{K}\mathllap{T} = T_{\mathrm{max}} + K \times (\Delta_n - \Delta_{\mathrm{max}}) \\
K = \frac{(1 - D) \smz \times e}{\delta_n}
\end{dcases} & \text{if $k$-flag} = 3
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end{document}

Related

Caption an equation paragraph

I am trying to include different equation paragraphs in my LaTex document. Is it somehow possible to visually separate the paragraphs (e.g. by horizontal lines) and give them different captions?
I don't want the captions to emerge in the table of content, just underneath the equations.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
\section{Mathematical Formulation}
\begin{equation}
\operatorname{Max} F=\sum_{u,v \in V \mid u<v} \left(d_{uv} + d_{vu}\right) x_{uv}
\end{equation}
such that:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L_{u v}} y_{l} \geq x_{u v} \hspace{4em} u, v \in V \mid u<v
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in \tilde L_{i j}} y_{l} \geq 1 \hspace{5em} \ \lbrack i,j \rbrack \in E
\end{equation}
%Next paragraph here
\begin{equation}
\operatorname{Min} F=\sum_{u \in V} \sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, j) \in \vec {E_{l}}} t_{l i j} x_{u l i j}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, v) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l i v}-\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(v, j) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l v j}=d_{u v} \hspace{4em} u,v \in V \mid u \ne v
\end{equation}
\end{document}
The caption should look similar to the one for my GAMS code:
You could create a custom command like this:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcounter{foo}
\newcommand{\mycaption}[1]{
{
\medskip
\centering
\setcounter{foo}{\theequation}
\addtocounter{foo}{1}
Equation \thefoo: #1
\vskip-0.5\baselineskip
\noindent\hrulefill
}
}
\begin{document}
\section{Mathematical Formulation}
\begin{equation}
\operatorname{Max} F=\sum_{u,v \in V \mid u<v} \left(d_{uv} + d_{vu}\right) x_{uv}
\end{equation}
such that:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L_{u v}} y_{l} \geq x_{u v} \hspace{4em} u, v \in V \mid u<v
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in \tilde L_{i j}} y_{l} \geq 1 \hspace{5em} \ \lbrack i,j \rbrack \in E
\end{equation}
%Next paragraph here
\mycaption{some text}
\begin{equation}
\operatorname{Min} F=\sum_{u \in V} \sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, j) \in \vec {E_{l}}} t_{l i j} x_{u l i j}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, v) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l i v}-\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(v, j) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l v j}=d_{u v} \hspace{4em} u,v \in V \mid u \ne v
\end{equation}
\end{document}
Or if you prefer a separate counter:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcounter{foo}
\newcommand{\mycaption}[1]{
{
\medskip
\centering
% \setcounter{foo}{\theequation}
\addtocounter{foo}{1}
Model \thefoo: #1
\vskip-0.5\baselineskip
\noindent\hrulefill
}
}
\begin{document}
\section{Mathematical Formulation}
\begin{equation}
\operatorname{Max} F=\sum_{u,v \in V \mid u<v} \left(d_{uv} + d_{vu}\right) x_{uv}
\end{equation}
such that:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L_{u v}} y_{l} \geq x_{u v} \hspace{4em} u, v \in V \mid u<v
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in \tilde L_{i j}} y_{l} \geq 1 \hspace{5em} \ \lbrack i,j \rbrack \in E
\end{equation}
%Next paragraph here
\mycaption{some text}
\begin{equation*}
\operatorname{Min} F=\sum_{u \in V} \sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, j) \in \vec {E_{l}}} t_{l i j} x_{u l i j}
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation}
\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(i, v) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l i v}-\sum_{l \in L} \sum_{(v, j) \in \vec{E}_{l}} x_{u l v j}=d_{u v} \hspace{4em} u,v \in V \mid u \ne v
\end{equation}
\end{document}

align ! missing } inserted

I am trying to typeset the following equation in the align-evoirement
\begin{align}
t_2' &= t_2 + \frac{L/C} \\
t_1' &= t_1 + \frac{L + v\Delta t\cos\theta}{c} \\
t_2' - t_1' &= (t_2-t_1) + \frac{L-L-v\Delta t\cos\theta}{C} \\
\Delta t' &= \Delta t - \frac{v\Delta t \cos \theta}{c} \\
\Delta t' &= \Delta t \left(1-\frac{v\cos\theta}{c}\right) \\
\frac{1}{\nu} &= \frac{1}{\nu_0 \sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}~\left(1-\frac{v\cos \theta {c}\right) \\
\nu &= \nu_0\frac{ \sqrt{1-\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}}}{1-\dfrac{v\cos \theta }{c}}
\end{align}
But when I tried this I got the following message:
[45]
! Missing } inserted.
<inserted text>
}
l.938 \end{align}
?
I copied the equations in Matcha (without the &), where it was perfectly working... I tried some things, but those did not seem to work...
Does anybody know what I did wrong?
At two occasions you write \frac{..} without the mandatary second argument. You must write \frac{...}{...} instead.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{align}
t_2' &= t_2 + \frac{L}{C} \\
t_1' &= t_1 + \frac{L + v\Delta t\cos\theta}{c} \\
t_2' - t_1' &= (t_2-t_1) + \frac{L-L-v\Delta t\cos\theta}{C} \\
\Delta t' &= \Delta t - \frac{v\Delta t \cos \theta}{c} \\
\Delta t' &= \Delta t \left(1-\frac{v\cos\theta}{c}\right) \\
\frac{1}{\nu} &= \frac{1}{\nu_0 \sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}~\left(1-\frac{v\cos \theta}{c}\right) \\
\nu &= \nu_0\frac{ \sqrt{1-\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}}}{1-\dfrac{v\cos \theta }{c}}
\end{align}
\end{document}

Change equation align in latex with eqnarray

I need to finish a paper but i need to fix the equations formatting of a linear programming model. I am using the environment eqnarray and i almost have it formatted the way my advisor asked. This is a sample of i got 1. I need to align the right side of the equations to the left while aligning the left side to the right (the left side is OK). Does anyone know if there is a way to make this modification with the eqnarray environment?
This is part of the latex code that generated this image:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mbox{s. t.} \qquad \sum_{j \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ij} \quad = & 1 & \forall\, i \in C \label{eq2} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ij} \quad \leq & 1 & \forall\, i \in \{R \cup S\} \label{eq3} \\
\sum_{i \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ji} \quad = & \sum_{i \in V_{0} | i \neq j} x_{ij} & \forall\, j \in V \label{eq4} \\
\sum_{i \in \{C \cup R\}} y_{i} \quad \leq & O & \forall i \in R \label{eq27} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{0} | i \neq j} x_{ji} \quad \leq & M \cdot y_{i} & \forall i \in R \label{eq7} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{0} | h \neq j} x_{jh} \quad \leq & M \cdot y_{i} & \forall i \in R, h \in SK_{i} \label{eq8} \\
t_{j} \quad \geq & t_{i} + ( td_{ij} + s_{i} ) \cdot x_{ij} - M \cdot (1 - x_{ij}) & \forall i \in C_{0}, j \in V_{1} | i \neq j \label{eq9} \\
t_{j} \quad \geq & t_{i} + td_{ij} \cdot x_{ij} + ct \cdot x_{ij} - M \cdot (1 - x_{ij}) & \forall i \in \{R \cup SK_{h \in R}\}, j \in V_{1} | i \neq j \label{eq11}
\begin{eqnarray}
Thank you.
eqnarray environment will not compatible for multi column align for multiple equation. So i am using alignat enviornment.
\begin{alignat}{3}
\mbox{s. t.} \qquad \sum_{j \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ij} &= 1 &&\quad \forall\, i \in C\label{eq2} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ij} &\leq 1 &&\quad \forall\, i \in \{R \cup S\} \label{eq3} \\
\sum_{i \in V_{+1} | i \neq j} x_{ji} & =\sum_{i \in V_{0} | i \neq j} x_{ij} &&\quad \forall\, j \in V \label{eq4} \\
\sum_{i \in \{C \cup R\}} y_{i} &\leq O &&\quad \forall i \in R \label{eq27} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{0} | i \neq j} x_{ji} & \leq M \cdot y_{i} &&\quad \forall i \in R \label{eq7} \\
\sum_{j \in V_{0} | h \neq j} x_{jh} &\leq M \cdot y_{i} &&\quad \forall i \in R, h \in SK_{i} \label{eq8} \\
t_{j} &\geq t_{i} + ( td_{ij} + s_{i} ) \cdot x_{ij}\nonumber\\
&\quad{} - M \cdot (1 - x_{ij}) &&\quad \forall i \in C_{0}, j \in V_{1} | i \neq j \label{eq9} \\
t_{j} &\geq t_{i} + td_{ij} \cdot x_{ij} + ct \cdot x_{ij}\nonumber\\
&\quad{}- M \cdot (1 - x_{ij}) &&\quad \forall i \in \{R \cup SK_{h \in R}\}, j \in V_{1} | i \neq j \label{eq11}
\end{alignat}
I think you got this!

How to create paper used notation in Latex?

How to use Latex to create a notation style like this image. or any other suggestions ?
\documentclass{article}
% See http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/112576/math-mode-in-tabular-without-having-to-use-everywhere
\usepackage{amstext}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{$}l<{$}}
\begin{document}
\textbf{Typing rules for F$_1$}
\begin{tabular}{LLL}
\hline
\text{\footnotesize(Env $\varnothing$)} &
\text{\footnotesize(Env $x$)}\\
\frac{}{\varnothing \vdash \diamond} &
\frac{E \vdash A \quad x \notin dom(E)}{E, x:A \vdash \diamond} \\
&&\\
\text{\footnotesize(Type Const} &
\text{\footnotesize(Type Arrow)}\\
\frac{E \vdash \diamond}{E \vdash K} &
\frac{E \vdash A \quad E \vdash B}{E \vdash A \rightarrow B} \\
&&\\
\text{\footnotesize(Val $x$)} &
\text{\footnotesize(Val Fun)} &
\text{\footnotesize(Val Appl)} \\
\frac{E\vdash \diamond}{E \vdash x :E(x)} &
\frac{E,x:A\vdash b:B}{E \vdash \lambda(x:A)b :A \rightarrow B} &
\frac{E \vdash b:A \rightarrow B \quad E \vdash a : A}{E \vdash b(a) : B} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

How to remove equation numbering in R Markdown

I am new to R markdown. I have a simple question about how to remove the automated equation numbering in the output PDF. Use the following codes for example:
\begin{align}
\sum_{i = 1}^{n} | (f + g )(x_i) - (f + g)(x_{i-1}) | &= \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | \{ f(x_i) + g(x_i) \} - \{ f(x_{i - 1} + g(x_{i-1}) \} |
\\ &\leq \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | f(x_i) - f(x_{i - 1} | + \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | g(x_i) - g(x_{i - 1})|
\\ &\leq V(f, P) + V(g, P)
\end{align}
It will automatically label the three lines of equations with (1), (2), (3). How do I suppress the numbering?
Thanks for your time!
I was actually looking up how to add numbering... so perfect info swap! Try:
$$
\begin{aligned}
\sum_{i = 1}^{n} | (f + g )(x_i) - (f + g)(x_{i-1}) | &= \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | \{ f(x_i) + g(x_i) \} - \{ f(x_{i - 1} + g(x_{i-1}) \} |
\\ &\leq \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | f(x_i) - f(x_{i - 1} | + \sum_{i = 1}^{n} | g(x_i) - g(x_{i - 1})|
\\ &\leq V(f, P) + V(g, P)
\end{aligned}
$$
This is more of a LaTeX thing than an RMarkdown thing: from my understanding, the $$ $$ isn't numbered, and the aligned environment is intended for use within other environments in order to display a single equation.
So, within the $$ $$ environment, you can use the aligned environment to display an equation, but it won't be numbered.
I missed the response from Werner earlier, but using align* works too. I guess the difference is the nuance in the initial intention.
(Also btw, this means if you use aligned within align, you get a block equation with only one number.)

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