Is is possible to have two web services in a single pod in kubernetes. If yes how will load balancer will handle it? One more question, does load balancer talk directly to pod or container inside pod? If its talk to pod doesn't the route increase like first, LB->pod, pod->container. As pod is in between. I am new to Kubernetes and had these doubts.
You can run multiple containers inside a single pod, but using that to host two separate services is probably not the intended use.
An example case for running multiple containers inside the same pod is one container, a so-called sidecar, that's running some form of application to generate files (e.g. some sync tool), while the main service uses those files somehow. This could be a web server serving static files that the sync tool pulls from somewhere.
Back to your question, since a pod only has one IP, you can only use each port once. A port on a container corresponds directly to a port on the pod. So while you can theoretically run two containers with a web service, you will need to use two different ports. As such, the load balancer would need to address those two ports separately.
If you want to run multiple copies of the same service for load balancing, you should use multiple pods, ideally managed by a deployment, and use a service (cluster IP for internal or load balancer for external) to distribute traffic.
Here are some answers that will help you.
- A pod is a running instance of a container. You can have two containers / two web services running in side a Pod, although its ideal to run one under a POD.
- When you bring up your containers you create ingress / LoadBalancer routes to your services. - Hence when you have two web services running inside your pod, each would have published their service at two different service ingress. - Ideally two routes inside the POD for these services, and a small service discovery to identify them inside.
- This is one reason we prefer running one container per POD.
- Request you to read Kubernetes in Action book to get more clear insight into.
You can run multiple containers on the same pod, if the services are tightly coupled. For example, if you have a web server and a SQL database.
If the web services are not tightly coupled, you would likely want to put them in different pods.
Then you need to deploy a service and expose it to make you web service reachable whether from inside the cluster or from outside depending on the service type.
To load balance between your services you would need an ingress controller.
Related
Not sure if this is a silly question. When the same app/service running in multiple containers, how do they report themselves to zookeeper/etcd and identify themselves? So that load balancers know the different instances and know who to talk to, where to probe and dispatch, etc..? Or the service instances would use some id from the container in their identification?
Thanks in advance
To begin with, let me explain in a few sentences how it works:
The basic building block starts with the Pod, which is just a resource that can be created and destroyed on demand. Because a Pod can be moved or rescheduled to another Node, any internal IPs that this Pod is assigned can change over time.
If we were to connect to this Pod to access our application, it would not work on the next re-deployment. To make a Pod reachable to external networks or clusters without relying on any internal IPs, we need another layer of abstraction. K8s offers that abstraction with what we call a Service Deployment.
This way, you can create a website that will be identified, for example, by a load balancer.
Services provide network connectivity to Pods that work uniformly across clusters. Service discovery is the actual process of figuring out how to connect to a service.
You can also find some information about Service in the official documentation:
An abstract way to expose an application running on a set of Pods as a network service.
With Kubernetes you don't need to modify your application to use an unfamiliar service discovery mechanism. Kubernetes gives Pods their own IP addresses and a single DNS name for a set of Pods, and can load-balance across them.
Kubernetes supports 2 primary modes of finding a Service - environment variables and DNS. You can read more about this topic here and here.
I am new to the world of kubernetes. I am trying to implement kubernetes advantages on my personal project.
I have an api service in a docker container which fetches data from back end.
I plan on creating multiple replicas of this api service container on a single external port in the kubernetes cluster. Do replicas share traffic if they're on a single node ?
My end goal is to create multiple instances of this api service to make my application faster(users can access one of the multiple api services which should reduce traffic on a single instance).
Am i thinking right in terms of kubernetes functionality?
You are right, the multiple replicas of your API service will share the load. In Kubernetes, there is a concept of Services which will send traffic to the backend and in this case it is your api application running in the pods. By default, the choice of backend is random. Also, it doesn't matter whether the Pods are running on a single node or on different nodes, the traffic will be distributed randomly among all the Pods based on the labels.
This will also make your application highly available because you will use deployment for specifying the number of replicas and whenever the number of available replicas are less than the desired replicas, Kubernetes will provision new pods to meet the desired state.
If you add multiple instances / replicas of your web server it will share the load and will avoid single point of failure.
However to achieve this you will have to create and expose a Service. You will have to communicate using the Service endpoint and not using each pods IP directly.
A service exposes an endpoint. It has load balancing. It usually uses round robin to distribute load / requests to servers behind the service load balancer.
Kubernetes manages Pods. Pods are wrappers around containers. Kubernetes can schedule multiple pods on the same node(hardware) or across multiple nodes. Depends how you configure it. You can use Deployments to manage ReplicaSets which manage Pods.
Usually it is recommended to avoid managing pods directly. Pods can crash, stop abruptly. Kubectl will create a new for you automatically depending on the Replica Set config.
Using deployments you can do rolling updates also.
You can refer to Kubernetes Docs to read about this in detail.
Yes. It's called Braess's paradox.
I am new to kubernetes, just wanted to know if my question is valid.
I had a question if a single POD can host 2 or more services.
And If it can host multiple services, how can it differentiate the traffic between the services.
Does it do a PORT mapping.
Please, let me know.
You can add multiple containers to the same pod, but that's only recommended if the services are tightly coupled, like if they need to communicate. For example, if you have a web server and a sql database, you would likely want them in the same pod.
If the services are distinct, you would likely want to put them in different pods, but deploy them to the same cluster of nodes. Then, you can have a LoadBalancer service on the cluster that can route different ports or paths to the right pod. In this way, the services can be scaled and managed separately (and without worrying about port conflicts), but they still draw from the same pool of resources
a single POD can host 2 or more services?
I am assuming that, by services you meant Docker containers. If that's not the case, please let me know.
Yes, Single pod can host more than one containers.
how can it differentiate the traffic between the services.
That's the catch. You need to deal with it using the ports. Expose one service on one a port and another on a different port. (If you want more than one service/container to be exposed from the same pod rethink about your design, it may be an ideal candidate for a different pod)
That being said, Now let's see the best practices,
When should I use 2 Docker containers in a pod
If your both services (docker containers) are tightly coupled and when you scale one service you need to scale the other along with the former. (Trust me, this very rare scenario). Usually these are referred as side-cars.
When should use different pod for different
If you want to scale each of them independent of the other.
Examples
Microservice -- database
Microservice -- Redis cache
Edge service -- Microservice
I'm trying to understand a good way to handle Kubernetes cluster where there are several nodes and a master.
I host the cluster within the cloud of my company, plain Ubuntu boxes (so no Google Cloud or AWS).
Each pod contains the webapp (which is stateless) and I run any number of pods via replication controllers.
I see that with Services, I can declare PublicIPs however this is confusing because after adding ip addresses of
my minion nodes, each ip only exposes the pod that it runs and it doesn't do any sort of load balancing. Due to this,
if a node doesn't have any active pod running (as created pods are random allocated among nodes), it simply timeouts and I end up some IP addresses that don't response. Am I understanding this wrong?
How can I truly do a proper external load balancing for my web app? Should I do load balancing on Pod level instead of using Service?
If so, pods are considered mortal and they may dynamically die and born, how I do track of this?
The PublicIP thing is changing lately and I don't know exactly where it landed. But, services are the ip address and port that you reference in your applications. In other words, if I create a database, I create it as a pod (with or without a replication controller). I don't connect to the pod, however, from another application. I connect to a service which knows about the pod (via a label selector). This is important for a number of reasons.
If the database fails and is recreated on a different host, the application accessing it still references the (stationary) service ip address, and the kubernetes proxies take care of getting the request to the correct pod.
The service address is known by all Kubernetes nodes. Any node can proxy the request appropriately.
I think a variation of the theme applies to your problem. You might consider creating an external load balancer which forwards traffic to all of your nodes for the specific (web) service. You still need to take the node out of the balancer's targets if the node goes down, but, I think that any node will forward the traffic for any service whether or not that service is on that node.
All that said, I haven't had direct experience with external (public) ip addresses load balancing to the cluster, so there are probably better techniques. The main point I was trying to make is the node will proxy the request to the appropriate pod whether or not that node has a pod.
-g
I am trying to see if there are any example to create a Kubernetes POD
which starts 2-3 containers and these containers are linked with each other but couldn't find any.
Does anybody tried linking containers using Kubernetes config.
The containers in same pod shares the localhost, so you need not link containers, just use localhost:containerPort.
You have to use the Kubernetes service (Proxy) https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/services.md#how-do-they-work.
Have a look how they work togehter: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/guestbook
To be specific, there is no concept of "linking" similarly to the way Docker does it. Every service endpoint is a fully qualified domain name and you just call it from one container to another, and every label on a container that can be picked up by a service endpoint can be used to direct network traffic. So, you don't have to do ENV["$FOO_BAR_BAZ"] to get the correct IP, just call it directly (curl http://foo_bar_baz).
I think you are speaking about single pod multiple container configurations.
In kubernetes the small single unit is a pod. So multiple containers in a pod share the same IPC and multiple processes in different container can access via localhost:process port
Pod is a basic unit of deployment in kubernetes.
You can run one or more containers in pod. They will share same network i.e localhost. So you don't need to specify the link url just specify localhost:containerPort