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What does "Fatal error: Unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value" mean?
(16 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
Hey I'm trying to use Yelp's Review API and am having trouble structuring/writing the code necessary to display the different Yelp Star Ratings. I have no problem getting the response (it's successful). Yelp has provided image assets of all their different star ratings (5, 4.5, 4 etc. stars). Because the rating response is as a Double, I converted that into a String value. As for knowing which to call, I created an enum class so that it knows which image name to use. Using that name, I can then use it to find the image asset I need.
Now that I structure the code this way, my app crashes. Xcode will build it but upon opening the app, it crashes.
Enum class:
import Foundation
import UIKit
enum Rating: String {
case five = "regular_5"
case fourAndAHalf = "regular_4_half"
case four = "regular_4"
case threeAndAHalf = "regular_3_half"
case three = "regular_3"
case twoAndAHalf = "regular_2_half"
case two = "regular_2"
case oneAndAHalf = "regular_1_half"
case one = "regular_1"
case zero = "regular_0"
}
Yelp Client Service class:
import Foundation
import Alamofire
import SwiftyJSON
class YelpClientService {
static func getReviews(url: String, completionHandler: #escaping ([Review]?)-> Void)
{
let httpHeaders: HTTPHeaders = ["Authorization": "Bearer \(UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: "token") ?? "")"]
//removing diacritics from the URL
if let requestUrl = URL(string: url.folding(options: .diacriticInsensitive, locale: .current))
{
Alamofire.request(requestUrl, encoding: URLEncoding.default, headers: httpHeaders).responseJSON { (returnedResponse) in
let returnedJson = JSON(with: returnedResponse.data as Any)
let reviewArray = returnedJson["reviews"].array
print(reviewArray as Any)
var reviews = [Review]()
for review in reviewArray! {
let userName = review["user"]["name"].stringValue
let ratingDouble = review["rating"].doubleValue
let rating = String(ratingDouble)
let text = review["text"].stringValue
let formatter = DateFormatter()
formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
let timeCreated = formatter.date(from: review["time_created"].stringValue)
let url = review["url"].stringValue
let review = Review(rating: Rating(rawValue: rating)!, userName: userName, text: text, timeCreated: timeCreated!, url: url)
reviews.append(review)
}
completionHandler(reviews)
}
}
else
{
print("invalid url")
completionHandler(nil)
}
}
}
Func in View Controller thats displaying the Star:
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "reviewCell", for: indexPath) as! ReviewCell
let review = reviewList[indexPath.row]
print(review.userName)
cell.userName.text = review.userName
cell.reviewText.text = review.text
cell.yelpStars.image = UIImage(named: review.rating.rawValue)
//cell.date.text = review.timeCreated
return cell
}
The error when I build is: fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value.
I'm not sure what went wrong. Is it correct of me to instantiate rating as a Rating type? Should I keep it String?
I realize this is long code but I hope someone can help! Thank you!
I am sure it would crash. The way you have written it. let ratingDouble = review["rating"].doubleValue you are expecting double. It would be 0, 4.5, 3.0 etc. Which would get converted to string "0","4.5" "3.0" etc.Then you try to initialise rating with Rating(rawValue : rating), Rating enum does not have these raw values as "0", "4.5" etc, so nil will be returned. You are force unwrapping it with '!", no doubt its crashing.
You will need to format your enum like this
enum Rating: String {
case five = "5.0"
case fourAndAHalf = "4.5"
case four = "4.0"
case threeAndAHalf = "3.5"
case three = "3.0"
case twoAndAHalf = "2.5"
case two = "2.0"
case oneAndAHalf = "1.5"
case one = "1.0"
case zero = "0.0"
getImageName()-> String {
switch self {
case five:
return "ImageNameForFive"
case fourAndHalf:
return "ImageNameForFourAndHalf.
......
}
}
}
and change
let rating = String(ratingDouble)
to
let rating = String.init(format: "%.1f", ratingDouble)
The error fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value. is thrown when Swift is unable to do an action usually when the targets are nil, empty, non-existent or undefined.
If a value could potentially be nil, empty, non-existent or undefined; it is known as an optional value. In order to use these values in our code, we must unwrap them. If the value is either nil, empty, non-existent or undefined, our app would most likely crash if it was not unwrapped safely.
To unwrap an object safely in swift we can either use if let or a guard statement. The code is written inside of this only runs if the object is not null.
It's good practice to safely unwrap all your objects in swift to prevent crashes. An example can be found below:
Safe Unwrapping
// initalize a string that may be nil (an optional)
var string: String? = nil
// create a random number between 0-2
let randomNum:UInt32 = arc4random_uniform(3)
// create a switch to set the string value based on our number
switch (randomNum) {
case 0:
string = "Some String"
default:
break
}
// attempt to print out our string
// using a guard statement
guard let string = string else {
// handle if string is null
return
}
// print the string from the guard
print(string)
// using if let
if let string = string {
print(string)
} else {
// handle string is null
}
Unsafe Unwrapping
// initalize a string that may be nil (an optional)
var string: String? = nil
// create a random number between 0-2
let randomNum:UInt32 = arc4random_uniform(3)
// create a switch to set the string value based on our number
switch (randomNum) {
case 0:
string = "Some String"
default:
break
}
// attempt to print our string by forcefully unwrapping it even if it is null causing a crash if it is null
print(string!)
So you can see the difference, in the second one the app would crash with the same error you are getting as it failed to unwrap an optional value in the event the random number is not 0.
It is possible to safely unwrap an object without using if let or guard. This is known as an inline conditional which is basically an if/else clause but quicker.
Inline Conditionals
// if the string is null, it will print the value beside the two `??`
print(string ?? "This is what is printed if the string is nil")
So now that you have all this knowledge, you can go ahead and take a look at your code to see if you are forcefully unwrapping any of your values. A hint is that you use the ! to do this.
Also, the enum that you made takes string values like "half" not double values even if it is a string like '0.5". So it could also crash
Some examples I picked out that may cause the crash are:
for review in reviewArray!
review["rating"].doubleValue
Rating(rawValue: rating)!
timeCreated!
Related
It has been a long time since I have coded in iOS and I am upgrading the old app to swift 3. I am really struggling with one issue of using optional variables.
I have a textfield which is optional. I want it unwrapped into a non-optional Int so that I can use it in the other functions for calculation.
#IBOutlet weak var txtRuns: UITextField!
func sendScore()
{
let runs = txtRuns.text!
let overs = txtOvers.text!
let balls = txtBalls.text!
let wkts = txtWkts.text!
let target = txtTarget.text!
let totalOvers = txtTotalOvers.text!
let strData = "S|R\(runs)" + getOptionalScoreData(
runs: Int(runs),
wkts: Int(wkts),
overs: Int(overs),
balls: Int(balls),
target: Int(target),
totalOvers: Int(totalOvers)
)
}
func getOptionalScoreData(runs: Int, wkts: Int, overs: Int, balls: Int, target: Int, totalOvers: Int) -> String
{
if ( runs == 0 ) {
return getCurrentRunRate(runs: runs)
}
return "";
}
As you can see, I have so many functions to call and I want this textfield to turn into non-optional INT.
Now I have tried several options that I read over here but the error messages only change. The problem didn't solve.
Current ERROR is
The value of optional type 'Int?' not unwrapped; did you mean to use '!' or '?'?
Please help.
Thanks
.................
Please note that I don't think nested check is a nice idea here because all these variables are independent of each other. One can be nil but other can be still passed and used.
If I nest checks like this, it means that no other value will be passed if runs are nil.
if let runs = txtRuns.text, let runsInInt = Int(runs) {
if let overs = txtOvers.text, let oversInInt = Int(overs) {
if let wkts = txtWkts.text, let wktsInInt = Int(wkts) {
strData = "S|R\(runs)\(overs)\(wkts)" + getOptionalScoreData( runs: runsInInt, overs: oversInInt, wkts: wktsInInt)
}
If you are frequently getting value from UITextField as Int, you can add an extension as follows:
extension UITextField {
var intValue: Int {
get {
if let text = self.text {
return Int(text) ?? 0
}
return 0
}
set {
self.text = String(newValue)
}
}
}
You can add the above as private extension in your viewcontroller too. Now you can rewrite your code as:
func sendScore() {
let strData = "S|R\(txtRuns.intValue)\(overs.intValue)\(wkts.intValue)" + getOptionalScoreData(
runs: txtRuns.intValue,
wkts: wkts.intValue,
overs: overs.intValue,
balls: balls.intValue,
target: target.intValue,
totalOvers: totalOvers.intValue)
)
}
Int(runs) call constructor of Int following:
public init?(_ text: String, radix: Int = default)
Because String to Int might failed due to the String might not a valid integer.
How would you deal with it?
You can reference Sallu's comment.
user ! to guarantee the String in UITextField is absolute a valid integer, or app crash.
runs: Int(runs)!
user ?? to give a default value if the String in UITextField is not a valid integer.
runs: Int(runs) ?? 0
In the case the default value is 0
First, I initialize the variables to hold the stock data
var applePrice: String?
var googlePrice: String?
var twitterPrice: String?
var teslaPrice: String?
var samsungPrice: String?
var stockPrices = [String]()
I fetch current stock prices from YQL, and put those values into an array
func stockFetcher() {
Alamofire.request(stockUrl).responseJSON { (responseData) -> Void in
if((responseData.result.value) != nil) {
let json = JSON(responseData.result.value!)
if let applePrice = json["query"]["results"]["quote"][0]["Ask"].string {
print(applePrice)
self.applePrice = applePrice
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
if let googlePrice = json["query"]["results"]["quote"][1]["Ask"].string {
print(googlePrice)
self.googlePrice = googlePrice
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
if let twitterPrice = json["query"]["results"]["quote"][2]["Ask"].string {
print(twitterPrice)
self.twitterPrice = twitterPrice
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
if let teslaPrice = json["query"]["results"]["quote"][3]["Ask"].string {
print(teslaPrice)
self.teslaPrice = teslaPrice
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
if let samsungPrice = json["query"]["results"]["quote"][4]["Ask"].string {
print(samsungPrice)
self.samsungPrice = samsungPrice
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
let stockPrices = ["\(self.applePrice)", "\(self.googlePrice)", "\(self.twitterPrice)", "\(self.teslaPrice)", "\(self.samsungPrice)"]
self.stockPrices = stockPrices
print(json)
}
}
}
in cellForRowAt indexPath function I print to the label
if self.stockPrices.count > indexPath.row + 1 {
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "Current Stock Price: \(self.stockPrices[indexPath.row])" ?? "Fetching stock prices..."
} else {
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "No data found"
}
I'm running into the issue of printing Current Stock Price: Optional("stock price"), with the word optional. I gather that this is because I'm giving it an array of optional values, but I sort of have to since I actually don't know if there will be data coming from YQL, one of the 5 stocks might be nil while the others have data. From reading other similar questions I can see that the solution would be to unwrap the value with !, but I'm not so sure how to implement that solution when it's an array with data that might be nil, and not just an Int or something.
How can I safely unwrap here and get rid of the word Optional?
First off:
Any time you repeat the same block of code multiple times and only increase a value from 0 to some max, it is a code smell. You should think about a different way to handle it.
You should use an array to do this processing.
How about a set of enums for indexes:
enum companyIndexes: Int {
case apple
case google
case twitter
case tesla
//etc...
}
Now you can run through your array with a loop and install your values more cleanly:
var stockPrices = [String?]()
Alamofire.request(stockUrl).responseJSON { (responseData) -> Void in
if((responseData.result.value) != nil) {
let json = JSON(responseData.result.value!)
let pricesArray = json["query"]["results"]["quote"]
for aPriceEntry in pricesArray {
let priceString = aPriceEntry["ask"].string
stockPrices.append(priceString)
}
}
}
And to fetch a price from the array:
let applePrice = stockPrices[companyIndexes.apple.rawValue]
That will result in an optional.
You could use the nil coalescing operator (??) to replace a nil value with a string like "No price available.":
let applePrice = stockPrices[companyIndexes.apple.rawValue] ?? "No price available"
or as shown in the other answer:
if let applePrice = stockPrices[companyIndexes.apple.rawValue] {
//we got a valid price
} else
//We don't have a price for that entry
}
I'm writing this outside of Xcode (so there might be typos), but this kind of logic should work.
if self.stockPrices.count > indexPath.row + 1 {
var txt = "Fetching stock prices..."
if let price = self.stockPrices[indexPath.row] {
txt = price
}
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = txt
} else {
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "No data found"
}
For safe unwrap use that code:
if let currentStockPrice = self.stockPrices[indexPath.row]
{
// currentStockPrice available there
}
// currentStockPrice unavailable
If you need to unwrap multiple variables in one if after another it may lead to unreadable code. In such case use this pattern
guard let currentStockPrice = self.stockPrices[indexPath.row]
else
{
// currentStockPrice is unavailable there
// must escape via return, continue, break etc.
}
// currentStockPrice is available
While I try to pass it to temporary variables it doesn't seem to happen.
Although there are no errors while building the app, once I try to enter a value for "rateOfPaddy", it fails, citing "fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value"
Please let me know if I'm doing anything wrong, either related to Swift or Eureka?
form +++ Section()
<<< DateTimeRow() {
$0.tag = "RecordDateTag"
$0.title = "Date"
$0.value = NSDate()
}.cellSetup { cell, row in
cell.textLabel?.textColor = UIColor.blackColor()
}.onCellHighlight { _ in
if let dateInput = formInput["RecordDateTag"] as? String {
self.dateInputValue = dateInput
}
}.onCellUnHighlight { _ in
if let dateInput = formInput["RecordDateTag"] as? String {
self.dateInputValue = dateInput
}
}
I used .onChange callback to check and pass the information to local variables, which was of no use. .onCellHighlight and .onCellUnHighlight combination didn't do the trick either!!
Try calling values function as documented here
You can create a method like below and call it from onChange callbacks
func updateValues() {
let allFormData = formInput.values()
if let dateInput = allFormData["RecordDateTag"] as? String {
self.dateInputValue = dateInput
}
}
The error "fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value" means that you are trying to unwrap an optional that has nil as a value.
Verify that every formInput[KEY] has a value of the type you expect before forcing the unwrap with the as!
You could benefit from the Optional Binding
if let value = formInput["Some"] as? Int
{
//Value exist and is an Int
}
else
{
print("Not an Int")
}
For More references:
Swift Type Casting
Swift Optionals
I'm facing with an error: "unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value"
when I insert new data in coreData and reload my tableview, I recall this function
var unique = [String]()
var loadMovie = [String:[Movie]]()
func insertMovie(movie : Movie) {
let genre = movie.genre!
if unique.contains(genre) {
loadMovie[genre]!.append(movie)
} else {
unique.append(genre)
loadMovie[genre] = [movie]
}
}
and fetch data:
func fetchAndSetResults() {
let app = UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
let context = app.managedObjectContext
let fetchRequest = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Movie")
do {
let movies = try context.executeFetchRequest(fetchRequest) as! [Movie]
loadMovie.removeAll()
for movie in movies {
insertMovie(movie)
}
} catch let err as NSError {
print(err.debugDescription)
}
}
and the app crushes for the error mentioned above on line: " loadMovie[genre]!.append(movie)" but if I reload app, my data are stored and visible in tableview. What's the problem?
you unwrapped optional variable means you just resolving the compile time error only. In swift you unwrapping the variable means it is represents that variable won't get the nil.You are just telling to the compiler .But now you are getting the nil (Run time Error) you need to handle this by using Optional Binding.
if let movies = try context.executeFetchRequest(fetchRequest)
{
loadMovie.removeAll()
}
Your variable loadMovie is a Dictionary with Strings as the keys and Arrays of Movies as what is stored for each key. If you are getting the error "unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value" for line " loadMovie[genre]!.append(movie)" it means without a doubt the String called genre is sometimes not a stored as a key in your loadMovie Dictionary.
Use the code below to first make sure you can get the Array stored for that key (stored in the genre string), and if you can't then print out the String so you can debug, to find out what key is missing.
var unique = [String]()
var loadMovie = [String:[Movie]]()
func insertMovie(movie : Movie) {
let genre = movie.genre!
if unique.contains(genre) {
if let genreArray = loadMovie[genre]{
genreArray.append(movie)
} else {
NSLog("The missing genre: \(genre)")
}
} else {
unique.append(genre)
loadMovie[genre] = [movie]
}
}
Anytime you want a value that could be nil (not there) you can use the if/let pattern above. So for your second question in the comments you could replace return loadMovie[genre].count with:
if let genreArray = loadMovie[genre]{
return genreArray.count
} else {
return 0 // zero because there are no items
}
There are other ways too. You should checkout a good basic swift tutorial like: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/swift/
If you look at the section on optionals this should all be more clear. Here at stack overflow you are generally expected to first have tried to find out answers for yourself, and understand the basic theory. Unfortunately, that is why you are getting so many down votes. I hope this has helped.
If this has helped you please accept this answer by clicking on the checkmark next to it.
I have buttons that when pressed, will call/message a number from an array. i.e. button1 will call the number at index 0 of the array, button2 at index 1, etc.. For some reason whenever the number from the array contains a format other than xxx-xxx-xxx it crashes (i.e. (xxx) xxx-xxx). And yet, the log gives me the following error even though the array isn't nil:
Anyone know why this is happening?
Here is the code for everything:
import UIKit
import AddressBook
var contactInfo: [String] = []
[...]
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
//this is the function that grabs the array from an app group
setUpCallMessageButtons()
[...]
callButton1.addTarget(self, action: "call:", forControlEvents: UIControlEvents.TouchUpInside)
}
func call(sender:UIButton!)
{
if (sender == callButton1) {
println("\(contactInfo)")
var url:NSURL? = NSURL(string: "tel:\(contactInfo[0])")
self.extensionContext?.openURL(url!, completionHandler:{(success: Bool) -> Void in
})
}
}
func setUpCallMessageButtons(){
let appGroupID = "**redacted**"
let defaults = NSUserDefaults(suiteName: appGroupID)
contactInfo = (defaults!.objectForKey("contactInfo") as! [String])
println("\(contactInfo)")
//This is gives the log down below. As you can see, none are nil.
}
Buttons 1,2 and 5 work while 3 and 4 always crash.
My guess is that if the phone number isn't formatted correctly, the call to convert it to an NSURL is failing and returning nil.
You probably need to wrap your call to openURL in an optional binding ("if let") block:
var url:NSURL? = NSURL(string: "tel:\(contactInfo[0])")
if let url = url
{
self.extensionContext?.openURL(url!,
completionHandler:
{
(success: Bool) -> Void in
}
}
else
{
println("Phone number \(contactInfo[0]) is not in a valid format")
}
You might want to strip away parenthesis from your phone number before trying to create your URL. A simple way would be to use the NSString method stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:withString:.
Here's a little storyboard - which shows you where the nil is coming from
Unexpectedly found nil means there is a variable which is expected to be non-nil but at run time was nil
This is the line of code that is causing the issue
self.extensionContext?.openURL(url!, completionHandler:{(success: Bool)
It expects url to be non-nil (i.e. the !) but it is definitely nil (see image)
If this data comes from the user or from the internet, you might want a method to strip away all non-numeric characters. Something like this (from a working playground I just banged out) :
import UIKit
func digitsOnly(#fromString: String) -> String
{
var workString = NSMutableString(string: fromString)
let digitsSet = NSCharacterSet.decimalDigitCharacterSet()
var index: Int
for index = count(fromString)-1; index>=0; index--
{
if !digitsSet.characterIsMember(workString.characterAtIndex(index))
{
workString.deleteCharactersInRange(NSRange(location:index, length:1))
}
}
return workString as String
}
let testString = "(555) 111-2222"
let result = digitsOnly(fromString:testString)
println("digitsOnly(\"\(testString)\") = \"\(result)\" ")
This displays:
digitsOnly("(555) 111-2222") = "5551112222"
Edit:
Or alternately a more Swift-like version of the same function:
func digitsOnly(#fromString: String) -> String
{
var result = String()
let digitsSet = NSCharacterSet.decimalDigitCharacterSet()
for char in fromString
{
if digitsSet.characterIsMember(char as unichar)
result += char
}
}
EDIT #2:
You can increase the set of characters that is left in place by changing the character set you use. Replace the line
let digitsSet = NSCharacterSet.decimalDigitCharacterSet()
With
let digitsSet = NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: "0123456789+-")
To preserve "+" signs and dashes. (Edit the string to include the characters you need.)