I'm trying to make a search feature that allows you to split a search into two when you insert a | character and search after what you typed.
So far I have understood how to keep the main command by capturing before the space.
An example being that if I type :ban user, a box below would still say :ban, but right when I type in a |, it starts the search over again.
:ba
:ba
:ban user|:at
:at
:ban user|:attention members|:kic
:kic
This code:
text=":ban user|:at"
text=text:match("(%S+)%s+(.+)")
print(text)
would still return ban.
I'm trying to get a match of after the final | character.
Then you can use
text=":ban user|:at"
new_text=text:match("^.*%|(.*)")
if new_text == nil then new_text = text end
print(new_text)
See the Lua demo
Explanation:
.* - matches any 0+ characters as many as possibl (in a "greedy" way, since the whole string is grabbed and then backtracking occurs to find...)
%| - the last literal |
(.*) - match and capture any 0+ characters (up to the end of the string).
To avoid special cases, make sure that the string always has |:
function test(s)
s="|"..s
print(s:match("^.*|(.*)$"))
end
test":ba"
test":ban user|:at"
test":ban user|:attention members|:kic"
Related
how can I extract a few words separated by symbols in a string so that nothing is extracted if the symbols change?
for example I wrote this code:
function split(str)
result = {};
for match in string.gmatch(str, "[^%<%|:%,%FS:%>,%s]+" ) do
table.insert(result, match);
end
return result
end
--------------------------Example--------------------------------------------
str = "<busy|MPos:-750.222,900.853,1450.808|FS:2,10>"
my_status={}
status=split(str)
for key, value in pairs(status) do
table.insert(my_status,value)
end
print(my_status[1]) --
print(my_status[2]) --
print(my_status[3]) --
print(my_status[4]) --
print(my_status[5]) --
print(my_status[6]) --
print(my_status[7]) --
output :
busy
MPos
-750.222
900.853
1450.808
2
10
This code works fine, but if the characters and text in the str string change, the extraction is still done, which I do not want to be.
If the string change to
str = "Hello stack overFlow"
Output:
Hello
stack
over
low
nil
nil
nil
In other words, I only want to extract if the string is in this format: "<busy|MPos:-750.222,900.853,1450.808|FS:2,10>"
In lua patterns, you can use captures, which are perfect for things like this. I use something like the following:
--------------------------Example--------------------------------------------
str = "<busy|MPos:-750.222,900.853,1450.808|FS:2,10>"
local status, mpos1, mpos2, mpos3, fs1, fs2 = string.match(str, "%<(%w+)%|MPos:(%--%d+%.%d+),(%--%d+%.%d+),(%--%d+%.%d+)%|FS:(%d+),(%d+)%>")
print(status, mpos1, mpos2, mpos3, fs1, fs2)
I use string.match, not string.gmatch here, because we don't have an arbitrary number of entries (if that is the case, you have to have a different approach). Let's break down the pattern: All captures are surrounded by parantheses () and get returned, so there are as many return values as captures. The individual captures are:
the status flag (or whatever that is): busy is a simple word, so we can use the %w character class (alphanumeric characters, maybe %a, only letters would also do). Then apply the + operator (you already know that one). The + is within the capture
the three numbers for the MPos entry each get (%--%d+%.%d+), which looks weird at first. I use % in front of any non-alphanumeric character, since it turns all magic characters (such as + into normal ones). - is a magic character, so it is required here to match a literal -, but lua allows to put that in front of any non-alphanumerical character, which I do. So the minus is optional, so the capture starts with %-- which is one or zero repetitions (- operator) of a literal - (%-). Then I just match two integers separated by a dot (%d is a digit, %. matches a literal dot). We do this three times, separated by a comma (which I don't escape since I'm sure it is not a magical character).
the last entry (FS) works practically the same as the MPos entry
all entries are separated by |, which I simply match with %|
So putting it together:
start of string: %<
status field: (%w+)
separator: %|
MPos (three numbers): MPos:(%--%d+%.%d+),(%--%d+%.%d+),(%--%d+%.%d+)
separator: %|
FS entry (two integers): FS:(%d+),(%d+)
end of string: %>
With this approach you have the data in local variables with sensible names, which you can then put into a table (for example).
If the match failes (for instance, when you use "Hello stack overFlow"), nil` is returned, which can simply be checked for (you could check any of the local variables, but it is common to check the first one.
I have a name spaced class..
"CommonCar::RedTrunk"
I need to convert it to an underscored string "common_car_red_trunk", but when I use
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".underscore, I get "common_car/red_trunk" instead.
Is there another method to accomplish what I need?
Solutions:
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".gsub(':', '').underscore
or:
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".sub('::', '').underscore
or:
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".tr(':', '').underscore
Alternate:
Or turn any of these around and do the underscore() first, followed by whatever method you want to use to replace "/" with "_".
Explanation:
While all of these methods look basically the same, there are subtle differences that can be very impactful.
In short:
gsub() – uses a regex to do pattern matching, therefore, it's finding any occurrence of ":" and replacing it with "".
sub() – uses a regex to do pattern matching, similarly to gsub(), with the exception that it's only finding the first occurrence (the "g" in gsub() meaning "global"). This is why when using that method, it was necessary to use "::", otherwise a single ":" would have been left. Keep in mind with this method, it will only work with a single-nested namespace. Meaning "CommonCar::RedTrunk::BigWheels" would have been transformed to "CommonCarRedTrunk::BigWheels".
tr() – uses the string parameters as arrays of single character replacments. In this case, because we're only replacing a single character, it'll work identically to gsub(). However, if you wanted to replace "on" with "EX", for example, gsub("on", "EX") would produce "CommEXCar::RedTrunk" while tr("on", "EX") would produce "CEmmEXCar::RedTruXk".
Docs:
https://apidock.com/ruby/String/gsub
https://apidock.com/ruby/String/sub
https://apidock.com/ruby/String/tr
This is a pure-Ruby solution.
r = /(?<=[a-z])(?=[A-Z])|::/
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".gsub(r, '_').downcase
#=> "common_car_red_trunk"
See (the first form of) String#gsub and String#downcase.
The regular expression can be made self-documenting by writing it in free-spacing mode:
r = /
(?<=[a-z]) # assert that the previous character is lower-case
(?=[A-Z]) # assert that the following character is upper-case
| # or
:: # match '::'
/x # free-spacing regex definition mode
(?<=[a-z]) is a positive lookbehind; (?=[A-Z]) is a positive lookahead.
Note that /(?<=[a-z])(?=[A-Z])/ matches an empty ("zero-width") string. r matches, for example, the empty string between 'Common' and 'Car', because it is preceeded by a lower-case letter and followed by an upper-case letter.
I don't know Rails but I'm guessing you could write
"CommonCar::RedTrunk".delete(':').underscore
I need a regular expression able to match everything but a string starting with a specific pattern (specifically index.php and what follows, like index.php?id=2342343).
Regex: match everything but:
a string starting with a specific pattern (e.g. any - empty, too - string not starting with foo):
Lookahead-based solution for NFAs:
^(?!foo).*$
^(?!foo)
Negated character class based solution for regex engines not supporting lookarounds:
^(([^f].{2}|.[^o].|.{2}[^o]).*|.{0,2})$
^([^f].{2}|.[^o].|.{2}[^o])|^.{0,2}$
a string ending with a specific pattern (say, no world. at the end):
Lookbehind-based solution:
(?<!world\.)$
^.*(?<!world\.)$
Lookahead solution:
^(?!.*world\.$).*
^(?!.*world\.$)
POSIX workaround:
^(.*([^w].{5}|.[^o].{4}|.{2}[^r].{3}|.{3}[^l].{2}|.{4}[^d].|.{5}[^.])|.{0,5})$
([^w].{5}|.[^o].{4}|.{2}[^r].{3}|.{3}[^l].{2}|.{4}[^d].|.{5}[^.]$|^.{0,5})$
a string containing specific text (say, not match a string having foo):
Lookaround-based solution:
^(?!.*foo)
^(?!.*foo).*$
POSIX workaround:
Use the online regex generator at www.formauri.es/personal/pgimeno/misc/non-match-regex
a string containing specific character (say, avoid matching a string having a | symbol):
^[^|]*$
a string equal to some string (say, not equal to foo):
Lookaround-based:
^(?!foo$)
^(?!foo$).*$
POSIX:
^(.{0,2}|.{4,}|[^f]..|.[^o].|..[^o])$
a sequence of characters:
PCRE (match any text but cat): /cat(*SKIP)(*FAIL)|[^c]*(?:c(?!at)[^c]*)*/i or /cat(*SKIP)(*FAIL)|(?:(?!cat).)+/is
Other engines allowing lookarounds: (cat)|[^c]*(?:c(?!at)[^c]*)* (or (?s)(cat)|(?:(?!cat).)*, or (cat)|[^c]+(?:c(?!at)[^c]*)*|(?:c(?!at)[^c]*)+[^c]*) and then check with language means: if Group 1 matched, it is not what we need, else, grab the match value if not empty
a certain single character or a set of characters:
Use a negated character class: [^a-z]+ (any char other than a lowercase ASCII letter)
Matching any char(s) but |: [^|]+
Demo note: the newline \n is used inside negated character classes in demos to avoid match overflow to the neighboring line(s). They are not necessary when testing individual strings.
Anchor note: In many languages, use \A to define the unambiguous start of string, and \z (in Python, it is \Z, in JavaScript, $ is OK) to define the very end of the string.
Dot note: In many flavors (but not POSIX, TRE, TCL), . matches any char but a newline char. Make sure you use a corresponding DOTALL modifier (/s in PCRE/Boost/.NET/Python/Java and /m in Ruby) for the . to match any char including a newline.
Backslash note: In languages where you have to declare patterns with C strings allowing escape sequences (like \n for a newline), you need to double the backslashes escaping special characters so that the engine could treat them as literal characters (e.g. in Java, world\. will be declared as "world\\.", or use a character class: "world[.]"). Use raw string literals (Python r'\bworld\b'), C# verbatim string literals #"world\.", or slashy strings/regex literal notations like /world\./.
You could use a negative lookahead from the start, e.g., ^(?!foo).*$ shouldn't match anything starting with foo.
You can put a ^ in the beginning of a character set to match anything but those characters.
[^=]*
will match everything but =
Just match /^index\.php/, and then reject whatever matches it.
In Python:
>>> import re
>>> p='^(?!index\.php\?[0-9]+).*$'
>>> s1='index.php?12345'
>>> re.match(p,s1)
>>> s2='index.html?12345'
>>> re.match(p,s2)
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb7d65fa8>
Came across this thread after a long search. I had this problem for multiple searches and replace of some occurrences. But the pattern I used was matching till the end. Example below
import re
text = "start![image]xxx(xx.png) yyy xx![image]xxx(xxx.png) end"
replaced_text = re.sub(r'!\[image\](.*)\(.*\.png\)', '*', text)
print(replaced_text)
gave
start* end
Basically, the regex was matching from the first ![image] to the last .png, swallowing the middle yyy
Used the method posted above https://stackoverflow.com/a/17761124/429476 by Firish to break the match between the occurrence. Here the space is not matched; as the words are separated by space.
replaced_text = re.sub(r'!\[image\]([^ ]*)\([^ ]*\.png\)', '*', text)
and got what I wanted
start* yyy xx* end
Just came across this pattern, which I really don't understand:
^[%w-.]+$
And could you give me some examples to match this expression?
Valid in Lua, where %w is (almost) the equivalent of \w in other languages
^[%w-.]+$ means match a string that is entirely composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits), dashes or dots.
Explanation
The ^ anchor asserts that we are at the beginning of the string
The character class [%w-.] matches one character that is a letter or digit (the meaning of %w), or a dash, or a period. This would be the equivalent of [\w-.] in JavaScript
The + quantifier matches such a character one or more times
The $ anchor asserts that we are at the end of the string
Reference
Lua Patterns
Actually it will match nothing. Because there is an error: w- this is a start of a text range and it is out of order. So it should be %w\- instead.
^[%w\-.]+$
Means:
^ assert position at start of the string
[%w\-.]+ match a single character present in the list below
+ Quantifier: Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed [greedy]
%w a single character in the list %w literally (case sensitive)
\- matches the character - literally
. the literal character .
$ assert position at end of the string
Edit
As the OP changed the question and the tags this answer no longer fits as a proper answer. It is POSIX based answer.
As #zx81 comment:
%w is \w in Lua which means any alphanumeric characters plus "_"
Short version:
I am having a rather hard time understanding two rather complex regular expressions in the ActiveSupport::Inflector::camelize method.
This is the definition of the camelize method:
def camelize(term, uppercase_first_letter = true)
string = term.to_s
if uppercase_first_letter
string = string.sub(/^[a-z\d]*/) { inflections.acronyms[$&] || $&.capitalize }
else
string = string.sub(/^(?:#{inflections.acronym_regex}(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/) { $&.downcase }
end
string.gsub(/(?:_|(\/))([a-z\d]*)/i) { "#{$1}#{inflections.acronyms[$2] || $2.capitalize}" }.gsub('/', '::')
end
I have some difficulty understanding:
string = string.sub(/^(?:#{inflections.acronym_regex}(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/) { $&.downcase }
and:
string.gsub(/(?:_|(\/))([a-z\d]*)/i) { "#{$1}#{inflections.acronyms[$2] || $2.capitalize}" }.gsub('/', '::')
Please explain to me what they mean. Thank you.
Long version
This shows me trying to understand the regex and how I interpret them to mean. It would be very helpful if you could go through this and correct my mistakes.
For the first regex
string = string.sub(/^(?:#{inflections.acronym_regex}(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/) { $&.downcase }
Based on what I am seeing, inflections.acronym_regex is from the Inflections class in the ActiveSupport::Inflector module, and in the initialize method of the Inflections class,
def initialize
#plurals, #singulars, #uncountables, #humans, #acronyms, #acronym_regex = [], [], [], [], {}, /(?=a)b/
end
acronym_regex is assigned /(?=a)b/. From what I understand from http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#class-Regexp-label-Anchors ,
(?=pat) - Positive lookahead assertion: ensures that the following characters match pat, but doesn't include those characters in the matched text
So /(?=a)b/ ensures that character a is inside the text, but we dont include character a inside the matched text, and what immediately follows character a must be character b. In other words, "abc" would match this regex, but "bbc" would not match this regex, and the matched text for "abc" would be "b" (instead of "ab").
So combining the value of inflections.acronym_regex into this regex /^(?:#{inflections.acronym_regex}(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/, I do not know which of the following two regex results:
A. /^(?:/(?=a)b/(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/
B. /^(?:(?=a)b(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/
although I am thinking it is B. From what I understand, (?: provides grouping without capturing, (?= means positive lookahead assertion, \b matches word boundaries when outside brackets and matches backspace when inside brackets. So in english terms, regex B, when matching against a text, will find a string that begins with an a character, followed by a b character, and one of (1. backspace [whatever that may mean] 2. any uppercase character or underscore 3. any english alphabetic character, digit, or underscore).
However, I find it strange that passing upper_case_first_letter = false to the camelize function should cause it to match a string starting with the characters ab, given that that does not seem to be how the camelize function behaves.
For the second regex
string.gsub(/(?:_|(\/))([a-z\d]*)/i) { "#{$1}#{inflections.acronyms[$2] || $2.capitalize}" }.gsub('/', '::')
The regex is:
/(?:_|(\/))([a-z\d]*)/i
I am guessing that this regex will match a substring that starts with either an _ or /, followed by 0 or more (upper or lowercase english alpabetic characters or digit). Furthermore, for the first group (?:_|(\/)), whether we match the _ or /, the ([a-z\d]*) capturing group will always be regarded as the second group. I do understand the part where the block tries to look up inflections.acronyms[$2] and on failure, does $2.captitalize.
Since (?: means grouping without capturing, what is the value of $1 when we match _ ? Is it still _ ? And for the .gsub('/', '::') portion, I am guessing that it gets applied for each match in the initial gsub, instead of being applied to the overall string after the outer gsub call is done?
Apologies for the really long post. Please point out my errors in understanding the 2 regular expressions, or explain them in a better way if you can do it.
Thank you.
However, I find it strange that passing upper_case_first_letter =
false to the camelize function should cause it to match a string
starting with the characters ab, given that that does not seem to be
how the camelize function behaves.
?: acts like a . here and does match the string (ie. single character) but there is no grouping, therefore the match is in $&.
Since (?: means grouping without capturing, what is the value of $1
when we match _ ? Is it still _ ?
It's nil since there is no capturing. The value is in $2
And for the .gsub('/', '::') portion, I am guessing that it gets
applied for each match in the initial gsub, instead of being applied
to the overall string after the outer gsub call is done?
It's applied to the overall result as gsub with block returns a string and the gsub('/', '::') is outside of a block.