As my tile says that I want to get random number for origin (X-Axis & y-Axis) so in my whole screen in iPad landscape I have 1 rectangle, I want to get random number for origin which out of this rectangle, so obiously I want to get random number for X-Axis between max and min and same as for Y-Axis.
I tried with following answers but not helpful for me.
Generate Random Numbers Between Two Numbers in Objective-C
Generate a random float between 0 and 1
Generate random number in range in iOS?
For more clear see below image
In above image I just want to find random number (for origin) of GREEN screen. How can I achieve it ?
Edited
I had tried.
int randNum = rand() % ([max intValue] - [min intValue]) + [min intValue];
Same for both X-Axis & y-Axis.
If the blue exclusion rectangle is not "too large" compared to the green screen rectangle
then the easiest solution is to
create a random point inside the green rectangle,
check if the point lies inside the blue rectangle, and
repeat the process if necessary.
That would look like:
CGRect greenRect = ...;
CGRect blueRect = ...;
CGPoint p;
do {
p = CGPointMake(greenRect.origin.x + arc4random_uniform(greenRect.size.width),
greenRect.origin.y + arc4random_uniform(greenRect.size.height));
} while (CGRectContainsPoint(blueRect, p));
If I remember correctly, the expected number of iterations is G/(G - B), where G is
the area of the green rectangle and B is the area of the blue rectangle.
What if you first determined x within the green rectangle like this:
int randomX = arc4random()%greenRectangle.frame.size.width;
int randomY; // we'll do y later
Then check if this is inside the blue rectangle:
if(randomX < blueRectangle.frame.origin.x && randomX > (blueRectangle.frame.origin.x + blueRectangle.frame.size.width))
{
//in this case we are outside the rectangle with the x component
//so can randomly generate any y like this:
randomY = arc4random()%greenRectangle.frame.size.height;
}
//And if randomX is in the blue rectangle then we can use the space either before or after it:
else
{
//randomly decide if you are going to use the range to the left of blue rectangle or to the right
BOOL shouldPickTopRange = arc4random()%1;
if(shouldPickTopRange)
{
//in this case y can be any point before the start of blue rectangle
randomY = arc4random()%blueRectangle.frame.origin.y;
}
else
{
//in this case y can be any point after the blue rectangle
int minY = blueRectangle.frame.origin.y + blueRectangle.frame.size.height;
int maxY = greenRectangle.frame.size.height;
randomY = arc4random()%(maxY - minY + 1) + minY;
}
}
Then your random point would be:
CGPoint randomPoint = CGPointMake(randomX, randomY);
The only thing missing above is to check if your blue rectangle sits at y = 0 or at the very bottom of green rectangle.
[Apologies I did this with OS X, translation is straightforward]
A non-iterative solution:
- (NSPoint) randomPointIn:(NSRect)greenRect excluding:(NSRect)blueRect
{
// random point on green x-axis
int x = arc4random_uniform(NSWidth(greenRect)) + NSMinX(greenRect);
if (x < NSMinX(blueRect) || x > NSMaxX(blueRect))
{
// to the left or right of the blue, full height available
int y = arc4random_uniform(NSHeight(greenRect)) + NSMinY(greenRect);
return NSMakePoint(x, y);
}
else
{
// within the x-range of the blue, avoid it
int y = arc4random_uniform(NSHeight(greenRect) - NSHeight(blueRect)) + NSMinY(greenRect);
if (y >= NSMinY(blueRect))
{
// not below the blue, step over it
y += NSHeight(blueRect);
}
return NSMakePoint(x, y);
}
}
This picks a random x-coord in the range of green. If that point is outside the range of blue it picks a random y-coord in the range of green; otherwise it reduces the y range by the height of blue, produces a random point, and then increases it if required to avoid blue.
There are other solutions based on picking a uniform random point in the available area (green - blue) and then adjusting, but the complexity isn't worth it I think (I haven't done the stats).
Addendum
OK folk seem concerned over uniformity, so here is the algorithm mentioned in my last paragraph. We're picking an "point" with integer coords so the number of points to pick from is the green area minus the blue area. Pick a point randomly in this range. Now place it into one of the rectangles below, left, right or above the blue:
// convenience
int RectArea(NSRect r) { return (int)NSWidth(r) * (int)NSHeight(r); }
- (NSPoint) randomPointIn:(NSRect)greenRect excluding:(NSRect)blueRect
{
// not we are using "points" with integer coords so the
// bottom left point is 0,0 and the top right (width-1, height-1)
// you can adjust this to suit
// the number of points to pick from is the diff of the areas
int availableArea = RectArea(greenRect) - RectArea(blueRect);
int pointNumber = arc4random_uniform(availableArea);
// now "just" locate pointNumber into the available space
// we consider four rectangles, one each full width above and below the blue
// and one each to the left and right of the blue
int belowArea = NSWidth(greenRect) * (NSMinY(blueRect) - NSMinY(greenRect));
if (pointNumber < belowArea)
{
return NSMakePoint(pointNumber % (int)NSWidth(greenRect) + NSMinX(greenRect),
pointNumber / (int)NSWidth(greenRect) + NSMinY(greenRect));
}
// not below - consider to left
pointNumber -= belowArea;
int leftWidth = NSMinX(blueRect) - NSMinX(greenRect);
int leftArea = NSHeight(blueRect) * leftWidth;
if (pointNumber < leftArea)
{
return NSMakePoint(pointNumber % leftWidth + NSMinX(greenRect),
pointNumber / leftWidth + NSMinY(blueRect));
}
// not left - consider to right
pointNumber -= leftArea;
int rightWidth = NSMaxX(greenRect) - NSMaxX(blueRect);
int rightArea = NSHeight(blueRect) * rightWidth;
if (pointNumber < rightArea)
{
return NSMakePoint(pointNumber % rightWidth + NSMaxX(blueRect),
pointNumber / rightWidth + NSMinY(blueRect));
}
// it must be above
pointNumber -= rightArea;
return NSMakePoint(pointNumber % (int)NSWidth(greenRect) + NSMinX(greenRect),
pointNumber / (int)NSWidth(greenRect) + NSMaxY(blueRect));
}
This is uniform, but whether it is worth it you'll have to decide.
Okay. This was bothering me, so I did the work. It's a lot of source code, but computationally lightweight and probabilistically correct (haven't tested).
With all due respect to #MartinR, I think this is superior insofar as it doesn't loop (consider the case where the contained rect covers a very large portion of the outer rect). And with all due respect to #CRD, it's a pain, but not impossible to get the desired probabilities. Here goes:
// Find a random position in rect, excluding a contained rect called exclude
//
// It looks terrible, but it's just a lot of bookkeeping.
// Divide rect into 8 regions, like a tic-tac-toe board, excluding the center square
// Reading left to right, top to bottom, call these: A,B,C,D, (no E, it's the center) F,G,H,I
// The random point must be in one of these regions, choose by throwing a random dart, using
// cumulative probabilities to choose. The likelihood that the dart will be in regions A-I is
// the ratio of each's area to the total (less the center)
// With a target rect, correctly selected, we can easily pick a random point within it.
+ (CGPoint)pointInRect:(CGRect)rect excluding:(CGRect)exclude {
// find important points in the grid
CGFloat xLeft = CGRectGetMinX(rect);
CGFloat xCenter = CGRectGetMinX(exclude);
CGFloat xRight = CGRectGetMaxX(exclude);
CGFloat widthLeft = exclude.origin.x-CGRectGetMinX(rect);
CGFloat widthCenter = exclude.size.width;
CGFloat widthRight = CGRectGetMaxY(rect)-CGRectGetMaxX(exclude);
CGFloat yTop = CGRectGetMinY(rect);
CGFloat yCenter = exclude.origin.y;
CGFloat yBottom = CGRectGetMaxY(exclude);
CGFloat heightTop = exclude.origin.y-CGRectGetMinY(rect);
CGFloat heightCenter = exclude.size.height;
CGFloat heightBottom = CGRectGetMaxY(rect)-CGRectGetMaxY(exclude);
// compute the eight regions
CGFloat areaA = widthLeft * heightTop;
CGFloat areaB = widthCenter * heightTop;
CGFloat areaC = widthRight * heightTop;
CGFloat areaD = widthLeft * heightCenter;
CGFloat areaF = widthRight * heightCenter;
CGFloat areaG = widthLeft * heightBottom;
CGFloat areaH = widthCenter * heightBottom;
CGFloat areaI = widthRight * heightBottom;
CGFloat areaSum = areaA+areaB+areaC+areaD+areaF+areaG+areaH+areaI;
// compute the normalized probabilities
CGFloat pA = areaA/areaSum;
CGFloat pB = areaB/areaSum;
CGFloat pC = areaC/areaSum;
CGFloat pD = areaD/areaSum;
CGFloat pF = areaF/areaSum;
CGFloat pG = areaG/areaSum;
CGFloat pH = areaH/areaSum;
// compute cumulative probabilities
CGFloat cumB = pA+pB;
CGFloat cumC = cumB+pC;
CGFloat cumD = cumC+pD;
CGFloat cumF = cumD+pF;
CGFloat cumG = cumF+pG;
CGFloat cumH = cumG+pH;
// now pick which region we're in, using cumulatvie probabilities
// whew, maybe we should just use MartinR's loop. No No, we've come too far!
CGFloat dart = uniformRandomUpTo(1.0);
CGRect targetRect;
// top row
if (dart < pA) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xLeft, yTop, widthLeft, heightTop);
} else if (dart >= pA && dart < cumB) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xCenter, yTop, widthCenter, heightTop);
} else if (dart >= cumB && dart < cumC) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xRight, yTop, widthRight, heightTop);
}
// middle row
else if (dart >= cumC && dart < cumD) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xRight, yCenter, widthRight, heightCenter);
} else if (dart >= cumD && dart < cumF) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xLeft, yCenter, widthLeft, heightCenter);
}
// bottom row
else if (dart >= cumF && dart < cumG) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xLeft, yBottom, widthLeft, heightBottom);
} else if (dart >= cumG && dart < cumH) {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xCenter, yBottom, widthCenter, heightBottom);
} else {
targetRect = CGRectMake(xRight, yBottom, widthRight, heightBottom);
}
// yay. pick a point in the target rect
CGFloat x = uniformRandomUpTo(targetRect.size.width) + CGRectGetMinX(targetRect);
CGFloat y = uniformRandomUpTo(targetRect.size.height)+ CGRectGetMinY(targetRect);
return CGPointMake(x, y);
}
float uniformRandomUpTo(float max) {
return max * arc4random_uniform(RAND_MAX) / RAND_MAX;
}
Try this code, Worked for me.
-(CGPoint)randomPointInRect:(CGRect)r
{
CGPoint p = r.origin;
p.x += arc4random_uniform((u_int32_t) CGRectGetWidth(r));
p.y += arc4random_uniform((u_int32_t) CGRectGetHeight(r));
return p;
}
I don't like piling onto answers. However, the provided solutions do not work, so I feel obliged to chime in.
Martin's is fine, and simple... which may be all you need. It does have one major problem though... finding the answer when the inner rectangle dominates the containing rectangle could take quite a long time. If it fits your domain, then always choose the simplest solution that works.
jancakes solution is not uniform, and contains a fair amount of bias.
The second solution provided by dang just plain does not work... because arc4_random takes and returns uint32_t and not a floating point value. Thus, all generated numbers should fall into the first box.
You can address that by using drand48(), but it's not a great number generator, and has bias of its own. Furthermore, if you look at the distribution generated by that method, it has heavy bias that favors the box just to the left of the "inner box."
You can easily test the generation... toss a couple of UIViews in a controller, add a button handler that plots 100000 "random" points and you can see the bias clearly.
So, I hacked up something that is not elegant, but does provide a uniform distribution of random numbers in the larger rectangle that are not in the contained rectangle.
You can surely optimize the code and make it a bit easier to read...
Caveat: Will not work if you have more than 4,294,967,296 total points. There are multiple solutions to this, but this should get you moving in the right direction.
- (CGPoint)randomPointInRect:(CGRect)rect
excludingRect:(CGRect)excludeRect
{
excludeRect = CGRectIntersection(rect, excludeRect);
if (CGRectEqualToRect(excludeRect, CGRectNull)) {
return CGPointZero;
}
CGPoint result;
uint32_t rectWidth = rect.size.width;
uint32_t rectHeight = rect.size.height;
uint32_t rectTotal = rectHeight * rectWidth;
uint32_t excludeWidth = excludeRect.size.width;
uint32_t excludeHeight = excludeRect.size.height;
uint32_t excludeTotal = excludeHeight * excludeWidth;
if (rectTotal == 0) {
return CGPointZero;
}
if (excludeTotal == 0) {
uint32_t r = arc4random_uniform(rectHeight * rectWidth);
result.x = r % rectWidth;
result.y = r /rectWidth;
return result;
}
uint32_t numValidPoints = rectTotal - excludeTotal;
uint32_t r = arc4random_uniform(numValidPoints);
uint32_t numPointsAboveOrBelowExcludedRect =
(rectHeight * excludeWidth) - excludeTotal;
if (r < numPointsAboveOrBelowExcludedRect) {
result.x = (r % excludeWidth) + excludeRect.origin.x;
result.y = r / excludeWidth;
if (result.y >= excludeRect.origin.y) {
result.y += excludeHeight;
}
} else {
r -= numPointsAboveOrBelowExcludedRect;
uint32_t numPointsLeftOfExcludeRect =
rectHeight * excludeRect.origin.x;
if (r < numPointsLeftOfExcludeRect) {
uint32_t rowWidth = excludeRect.origin.x;
result.x = r % rowWidth;
result.y = r / rowWidth;
} else {
r -= numPointsLeftOfExcludeRect;
CGFloat startX =
excludeRect.origin.x + excludeRect.size.width;
uint32_t rowWidth = rectWidth - startX;
result.x = (r % rowWidth) + startX;
result.y = r / rowWidth;
}
}
return result;
}
Related
I need to resize an image using bilinear interpolation and create an image pyramid.I will detect corners at the different levels of the pyramid and scale the pixel co-ordinates so that they are relative to the dimensions of the largest image.
If a corner of an object is detected as a corner/keypoint/feature in all the levels,after scaling the corresponding pixel co-ordinates from the different levels so that they fall on the largest image, ideally I would like them to have the same value. Thus when resizing the images, I am trying to be as accurate as possible.
Let's assume I am resizing an image L_n_minus_1 to create a smaller image L_n. My scale factor is "ratio" (ratio>1).
*I cannot use any library.
I can resize using the pseudocode below (which is what I generally find when I search online for resizing algorithms.)
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < height_of_L_n; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < width_of_L_n; j++){
//********* This part will differ in the later version I provided below
//
int xSrcInt = (int)(ratio * j);
float xDiff = ratio * j - xSrcInt;
int ySrcInt = (int)(ratio * i);
float yDiff = ratio * i - ySrcInt;
// The above code will differ in the later version I provided below
index = (ySrcInt * width_of_L_n_minus_1 + xSrcInt);
//Get the 4 pixel values to interpolate
a = L_n_minus_1[index];
b = L_n_minus_1[index + 1];
c = L_n_minus_1[index + width_of_L_n_minus_1];
d = L_n_minus_1[index + width_of_L_n_minus_1 + 1];
//Calculate the co-efficients for interpolation
float c0 = (1 - x_diff)*(1 - y_diff);
float c1 = (x_diff)*(1 - y_diff);
float c2 = (y_diff)*(1 - x_diff);
float c3 = (x_diff*y_diff);
//half is added for rounding the pixel intensity.
int intensity = (a*c0) + (b*c1) + (c*c2) + (d*c3) + 0.5;
if (intensity > 255)
intensity = 255;
L_n[offset++] = intensity;
}
}
Or I could use this modified piece of code below :
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < height_of_L_n; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < width_of_L_n; j++){
// Here the code differs from the first piece of code
// Assume pixel centers start from (0.5,0.5). The top left pixel has co-ordinate (0.5,0.5)
// 0.5 is added to go to the co-ordinates where top left pixel has co-ordinate (0.5,0.5)
// 0.5 is subtracted to go to the generally used co-ordinates where top left pixel has co-ordinate (0,0)
// or in other words map the new co-ordinates to array indices
int xSrcInt = int((ratio * (j + 0.5)) - 0.5);
float xDiff = (ratio * (j + 0.5)) - 0.5 - xSrcInt;
int ySrcInt = int((ratio * (i + 0.5)) - 0.5);
float yDiff = (ratio * (i + 0.5)) - 0.5 - ySrcInt;
// Difference with previous code ends here
index = (ySrcInt * width_of_L_n_minus_1 + xSrcInt);
//Get the 4 pixel values to interpolate
a = L_n_minus_1[index];
b = L_n_minus_1[index + 1];
c = L_n_minus_1[index + width_of_L_n_minus_1];
d = L_n_minus_1[index + width_of_L_n_minus_1 + 1];
//Calculate the co-efficients for interpolation
float c0 = (1 - x_diff)*(1 - y_diff);
float c1 = (x_diff)*(1 - y_diff);
float c2 = (y_diff)*(1 - x_diff);
float c3 = (x_diff*y_diff);
//half is added for rounding the pixel intensity.
int intensity = (a*c0) + (b*c1) + (c*c2) + (d*c3) + 0.5;
if (intensity > 255)
intensity = 255;
L_n[offset++] = intensity;
}
}
The second piece of code was developed assuming pixel centers having co-ordinates like (0.5, 0.5) as they have in textures.
This way the top left pixel will have co-ordinate (0.5, 0.5).
Let us assume :
a 2 by 2 Destination Image is being resized from a 4 by 4 Source Image.
In the first piece of code, it is assumed that the first pixel has co-ordinates (0,0), thus for example my ratio is 2. Then
xSrcInt = (int)(0*2); // 0
ySrcInt = (int)(0*2); // 0
xDiff = (0*2) - 0; // 0
yDiff = (0*2) - 0; // 0
Thus effectively I will just be copying the first pixel value from the source, as c0 will be 1 and c1,c2 and c3 will be 0.
But in the second piece of code I will get
xSrcInt = (int)((0.5*2) - 0.5); // 0;
ySrcInt = (int)((0.5*2) - 0.5); // 0;
xDiff = ((0.5*2) - 0.5) - 0; // 0.5;
yDiff = ((0.5*2) - 0.5) - 0; // 0.5;
In this case c0,c1,c2 and c3 will all be equal to 0.25. Thus I will be using the 4 pixels at the top left.
Please let me know what do you think and if there is any bug in my second piece of code. As far as visual results go they are working perfectly.
But yes I do seem to notice better alignment of keypoints with the second piece of code. But may be that's because I am judging with prejudice :-).
Thanks in advance.
I'm trying to figure out how to construct a limited range of floating point values based on a UIPanGestureRecognizer's velocity. I have a minimum, or starting value of 1.0, and a maximum of 3.0 to provide a limited range for the UIBezierPath's lineWidth property.
I'm trying to figure out how to build an exponential range from 1.0 to 3.0 based accordingly on the UIPanGestureRecognizer's velocity, but am having a difficult time where I should start for mapping the values. The faster the combined x and y velocity, the smaller (down to 1.0) the lineWidth should be, and respectively the opposite up to 3.0 if the combined velocity is slower. I'm also trying to taper/smooth the line width in progress by storing a lastWidth property so the transitions aren't noticeable between subpaths.
I'd appreciate any help offered.
Working and final Code based on answer:
#property (nonatomic, assign) CGFloat lastWidth;
if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged)
{
CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
CGFloat absoluteVelocity = 1000.0 / sqrtf(pow(velocity.x, 2) + pow(velocity.y, 2));
CGFloat clampedVel = MAX(MIN(absoluteVelocity, 3.0), 1.0);
if (clampedVel > self.lastWidth)
{
clampedVel = self.lastWidth + 0.15;
}
else if (clampedVel < self.lastWidth)
{
clampedVel = self.lastWidth - 0.15;
}
self.lastWidth = clampedVel;
UIBezierPath *path = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];
path.lineCapStyle = kCGLineCapRound;
path.lineWidth = self.lastWidth;
}
So I'd use an inverted exponential function.
Start with your velocity, V(x,y). Your absolute velocity is obviously:
sqrt(pow(x, 2) + pow(y, 2));
We'll call this value "v."
Next, we want a value that is between 1 and 3 where 1 is the width where "v" is very high and 3 is the width where "v" is very low.
We can calculate that using the following exponential function:
- (CGFloat)getExponentialWidthForVeloctity(CGFloat)v {
if (v <= 1 / 3.0)
return 3;
CGFloat inverse = 1 / v;
return 1 + inverse;
}
Or this function that smooths it out a little bit
- (CGFloat)getExponentialRootWidthForVeloctity(CGFloat)v {
//play with this value to get the feel right
//The higher it is, the faster you'll have to go to get a thinner line
CGFloat rootConstantYouCanAdjust = 2;
if (pow(v, rootConstantYouCanAdjust) <= 1 / 3.0)
return 3;
CGFloat inverse = 1 / pow(v, rootConstantYouCanAdjust);
return 1 + inverse;
}
If that doesn't feel right, try a linear solution:
- (CGFloat)getLinearWidthForVelocity(CGFloat)v {
//Find this value by swiping your finger really quickly and seeing what the fastest velocity you can get is
CGFloat myExpectedMaximumVelocity = 1000;
if (v > myExpectedMaximumVelocity)
v = myExpectedMaximumVelocity;
return 3 - 2 * (v / myExpectedMaximumVelocity);
}
And finally, as a bonus, try this sqrt based function that you might find works nicely:
- (CGFloat)getSqrtWidthForVelocity(CGFloat)v {
//find the same way as above
CGFloat myExpectedMaximumVelocity = 1000;
if (v > myExpectedMaximumVelocity)
return 1;
return 3 - 2 * sqrt(v) / sqrt(myExpectedMaximumVelocity);
}
I'd be curious to know which works best! Let me know. I have a lot more functions up my sleeve, these are just some really simple ones that should get you started.
I would like to show a maximum movement overlay in my hex map. For example:
Center point is at 50,50
Maximum allowed movement is 5 hexes.
This is the code I use for overlay:
for (int height = lowHeight; height <= highHeight; height++)
{
for (int width = lowWidth; width <= highWidth; width++)
{
[self hexOnMap:height :width :#"green"];
}
}
width being xCoordinate 50
height being yCoordinate 50
lowHeight = height - 5
highHeight = height + 5
lowWidth = width - 5
hightWidth = width + 5
Obviously my loop is not working as the corners are more than 5 hexes in movement. As I feel my IQ having dropping by the minute, someone please show me the obvious :) And the movement value of 5 is NOT static.
EDIT: #DPenner
Thanks for your reply. I tried something similar but this cursed thing still refuses to work. Your code displays this result:
EDIT 2: #DPenner - You ALMOST had it. I am uploading the overlay with your code so you can see. I ended up finding a great article last night which gave me the clues I needed to solve this problem. BUT I REALLY appreciate your help and trying to solve this!!!
I've deleted my old answer since it was completely wrong: I forgot to consider that adjacent hexes can sometimes differ in both x and y coordinates. Catching that is tricky but the following code should work:
If the center X coordinate is even:
for (int width = lowWidth; width <= highWidth; width++)
{
double heightNeeded = 5 - abs((centerX - width)/2.0);
for (int height = centerY - (int)ceil(heightNeeded); height <= centerY + (int)floor(heightNeeded); height++)
{
[self hexOnMap:height :width :#"green"];
}
}
If the center X coordinate is odd, swap the floor and ceiling functions. Change the 5 for a different sized overlay.
I checked it by hand, and it seemed to work fine. The outer loop is the width/X loop since its the X coordinates that zigzag across horizontally, which the ceil and floor functions "fix" in the inner height/Y loop.
After almost 24 hours of no sleep, I found a great article dealing with exactly this issue. The article is here:
http://keekerdc.com/2011/03/hexagon-grids-coordinate-systems-and-distance-calculations/
and here is the code to make it all work:
for (int y = minY; y <= maxY; y++)
{
for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; x++)
{
int xDistance = (x - startXcoordinate);
int yStart = 0;
if(x > startXcoordinate)
yStart = -1;
int yDistance = ((xDistance * -1) + yStart) / 2;
yDistance = yDistance + (y - startYcoordinate);
int z = (xDistance + yDistance)* -1 ;
int maxDistance = 0;
if(abs(xDistance) > maxDistance)
maxDistance = abs(xDistance);
if(abs(yDistance) > maxDistance)
maxDistance = abs(yDistance);
if(abs(z) > maxDistance)
maxDistance = abs(z);
if(abs(maxDistance) <= patrolRange)
[self hexOnMap:y :x :#"green"];
}
}
This question was already asked, but I still don't get it. I obtain a homography matrix by calling cv::findHomography from a set of points. I need to check whether it's relevant or not.The proposed method is to calculate maximum reprojection error for inliers and compare it with a threshold. But after such filtration I keep getting insane transformations with object bounding box transforming to almost a straight line or some strange non-convex quadrangle, with self-intersections etc.What constraints can be used to check if the homography matrix itself is adequate?
Your question is mathematical. Given a matrix of 3x3 decide whether it represents a good rigid transformation.
It is hard to define what is "good" but here are some clues that can help you
Homography should preserve the direction of polygonal points. Design a simple test. points (0,0), (imwidth,0), (width,height), (0,height) represent a quadrilateral with clockwise arranged points. Apply homography on those points and see if they are still clockwise arranged if they become counter clockwise your homography is flipping (mirroring) the image which is sometimes still ok. But if your points are out of order than you have a "bad homography"
The homography doesn't change the scale of the object too much. For example if you expect it to shrink or enlarge the image by a factor of up to X, just check this rule. Transform the 4 points (0,0), (imwidth,0), (width-1,height), (0,height) with homography and calculate the area of the quadrilateral (opencv method of calculating area of polygon) if the ratio of areas is too big (or too small), you probably have an error.
Good homography is usually uses low values of perspectivity. Typically if the size of the image is ~1000x1000 pixels those values should be ~0.005-0.001. High perspectivity will cause enormous distortions which are probably an error. If you don't know where those values are located read my post:
trying to understand the Affine Transform
. It explains the affine transform math and the other 2 values are perspective parameters.
I think that if you check the above 3 condition (condition 2 is the most important) you will be able to detect most of the problems.
Good luck
Edit: This answer is irrelevant to the question, but the discussion may be helpful for someone who tries to use the matching results for recognition like I did!
This might help someone:
Point2f[] objCorners = { new Point2f(0, 0),
new Point2f(img1.Cols, 0),
new Point2f(img1.Cols, img1.Rows),
new Point2f(0, img1.Rows) };
Point2d[] sceneCorners = MyPerspectiveTransform3(objCorners, homography);
double marginH = img2.Width * 0.1d;
double marginV = img2.Height * 0.1d;
bool homographyOK = isInside(-marginH, -marginV, img2.Width + marginH, img2.Height + marginV, sceneCorners);
if (homographyOK)
for (int i = 1; i < sceneCorners.Length; i++)
if (sceneCorners[i - 1].DistanceTo(sceneCorners[i]) < 1)
{
homographyOK = false;
break;
}
if (homographyOK)
homographyOK = isConvex(sceneCorners);
if (homographyOK)
homographyOK = minAngleCheck(sceneCorners, 20d);
private static bool isInside(dynamic minX, dynamic minY, dynamic maxX, dynamic maxY, dynamic coors)
{
foreach (var c in coors)
if ((c.X < minX) || (c.Y < minY) || (c.X > maxX) || (c.Y > maxY))
return false;
return true;
}
private static bool isLeft(dynamic a, dynamic b, dynamic c)
{
return ((b.X - a.X) * (c.Y - a.Y) - (b.Y - a.Y) * (c.X - a.X)) > 0;
}
private static bool isConvex<T>(IEnumerable<T> points)
{
var lst = points.ToList();
if (lst.Count > 2)
{
bool left = isLeft(lst[0], lst[1], lst[2]);
lst.Add(lst.First());
for (int i = 3; i < lst.Count; i++)
if (isLeft(lst[i - 2], lst[i - 1], lst[i]) != left)
return false;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
private static bool minAngleCheck<T>(IEnumerable<T> points, double angle_InDegrees)
{
//20d * Math.PI / 180d
var lst = points.ToList();
if (lst.Count > 2)
{
lst.Add(lst.First());
for (int i = 2; i < lst.Count; i++)
{
double a1 = angleInDegrees(lst[i - 2], lst[i-1]);
double a2 = angleInDegrees(lst[i], lst[i - 1]);
double d = Math.Abs(a1 - a2) % 180d;
if ((d < angle_InDegrees) || ((180d - d) < angle_InDegrees))
return false;
}
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
private static double angleInDegrees(dynamic v1, dynamic v2)
{
return (radianToDegree(Math.Atan2(v1.Y - v2.Y, v1.X - v2.X))) % 360d;
}
private static double radianToDegree(double radian)
{
var degree = radian * (180d / Math.PI);
if (degree < 0d)
degree = 360d + degree;
return degree;
}
static Point2d[] MyPerspectiveTransform3(Point2f[] yourData, Mat transformationMatrix)
{
Point2f[] ret = Cv2.PerspectiveTransform(yourData, transformationMatrix);
return ret.Select(point2fToPoint2d).ToArray();
}
I have 7 movieclips on stage I want to tween around an ellipse from different start points. I am having lots of trouble doing this.... I used a circle formula at first and then divided the y value by the width of the ellipse over the height. This sort of worked but after every rotation the y value was a little of. That code is:
this._x += (Math.cos(angle * Math.PI/180) * radius);
this._y += (Math.sin(angle * Math.PI/180) *radius)/1.54;
I also have trouble finding the angle of the start point, if it is off they won't travel in the same ellipse but they all have different starting angles.
Any clues?
Calculate the incidvidual offsets using this snippet:
// assuming you have your buttons in an array called buttons
for (var i:Number = 0; i < buttons.length; i++){
buttons[i].angleOffset = 360 / buttons.length * i;
}
Set the position each update instead of moving, that way you wont get any drift.
Update each object using this code, incrementing the angle var to get it to spin.
this._x = offsetX + Math.sin((angle + angleOffset) * Math.PI/180) * radius;
this._y = offsetY + Math.cos((angle + angleOffset) * Math.PI/180) * radius / 1.54;
This is almost soved, this piece of script will take the items of the array buttons (can add as many as you want), space them around the ellipse you set (origin + radius), and tween them around it according to the speed you set. The only problem is the spacing isn't even and some are close and some far apart and I don't understand why.
var angle:Number = 0;
var originX:Number = 200;
var originY:Number = 200;
var radiusX:Number = 267.5;
var radiusY:Number = 100;
var steps:Number = 360;
var speed:Number = 3.1415/steps;
var buttons:Array = new Array(this.age,this.ethnicity,this.sex,this.social,this.ability,this.orientation,this.faith);
for (i=0;i<buttons.length;i++) {
buttons[i].onEnterFrame = function() {
moveButtons(this);
controllButtons(this);
};
buttons[i]._order = (360/buttons.length) * (i+1);
}
function moveButtons(e) {
e._anglePhase = angle+e._order;
e._x = originX+Math.sin(e._anglePhase)*radiusX;
e._y = originY+Math.cos(e._anglePhase)*radiusY;
}
function controllButtons(e) {
angle += speed;
if (angle>=360) {
angle -= 360;
}
}
Please note I got the base of this script from http://www.actionscript.org/forums/showthread.php3?t=161830&page=2 converted it to AS2 and made it work from an array.