respond_to do |format|
format.html { render :html => #something }
format.json { render :json => #something }
format.xml { render :xml => #something }
end
Here we have three different formats: html, json, xml. So which one is actually returned? Do we have three different files ending with .html, .xml, .json? Or in other words, does respond_to render all three html, json, xml files?
respond_to is a Rails helper method that is attached to the Controller class (or rather, its super class). It is referencing the response that will be sent to the View (which is going to the browser).
The block in your example is formatting data - by passing in a 'format' paramater in the block - to be sent from the controller to the view whenever a browser makes a request for html or json data.
in rails you can write this also
class PostsController < ApplicationController
respond_to :html, :xml, :js
def index
#posts = Post.all
respond_with(#posts)
end
end
respond_to can render each of the three, according to the current request. The right response is not what's returned from respond_to but what's actually rendered.
You can find the full explanation here
Related
I understand how respond_to works when it's called with something like this:
def index
#users = User.all
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.json { render json: #users }
end
end
But I've seen some apps which pass respond_to a list of symbols, outside of the controller methods, e.g.:
class UsersController < ApplicationController
respond_to :html, :json
def index
# blah blah bah
end
end
What does this do? I've been playing around with it in one of my controllers and I can't figure out what difference it makes.
For a given controller action, #respond_with generates an appropriate response based on the mime-type requested by the client.
If the method is called with just a resource, as in this example -
class PeopleController < ApplicationController
respond_to :html, :xml, :json
def index
#people = Person.all
respond_with #people
end
end
then the mime-type of the response is typically selected based on the request's Accept header and the set of available formats declared by previous calls to the controller's class method respond_to. Alternatively the mime-type can be selected by explicitly setting request.format in the controller.
If an acceptable format is not identified, the application returns a '406 - not acceptable' status. Otherwise, the default response is to render a template named after the current action and the selected format, e.g. index.html.erb. If no template is available, the behavior depends on the selected format:
for an html response - if the request method is get, an exception is raised but for other requests such as post the response depends on whether the resource has any validation errors (i.e. assuming that an attempt has been made to save the resource, e.g. by a create action) -
If there are no errors, i.e. the resource was saved successfully, the response redirect's to the resource i.e. its show action.
If there are validation errors, the response renders a default action, which is :new for a post request or :edit for patch or put.
Thus an example like this -
respond_to :html, :xml
def create
#user = User.new(params[:user])
flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created.' if #user.save
respond_with(#user)
end
is equivalent, in the absence of create.html.erb, to -
def create
#user = User.new(params[:user])
respond_to do |format|
if #user.save
flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created.'
format.html { redirect_to(#user) }
format.xml { render xml: #user }
else
format.html { render action: "new" }
format.xml { render xml: #user }
end
end
end
for a javascript request - if the template isn't found, an exception is raised.
for other requests - i.e. data formats such as xml, json, csv etc, if the resource passed to respond_with responds to to_, the method attempts to render the resource in the requested format directly, e.g. for an xml request, the response is equivalent to calling render xml: resource.
I have a controller "UserController" that should respond to normal and ajax requests to http://localhost:3000/user/3.
When it is a normal request, I want to render my view. When it is an AJAX request, I want to return JSON.
The correct approach seems to be a respond_to do |format| block. Writing the JSON is easy, but how can I get it to respond to the HTML and simply render the view as usual?
def show
#user = User.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.html {
render :show ????this seems unnecessary. Can it be eliminated???
}
format.json {
render json: #user
}
end
end
As per my knowledge its not necessary to "render show" in format.html it will automatically look for a respective action view for ex : show.html.erb for html request and show,js,erb for JS request.
so this will work
respond_to do |format|
format.html # show.html.erb
format.json { render json: #user }
end
also, you can check the request is ajax or not by checking request.xhr? it returns true if request is a ajax one.
Yes, you can change it to
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.json { render json: #user }
end
The best way to do this is just like Amitkumar Jha said, but if you need a simple and quick way to render your objects, you can also use this "shortcut":
def index
#users = User.all
respond_to :html, :json, :xml
end
Or make respond_to work for all the actions in the controller using respond_with :
class UserController < ApplicationController
respond_to :html, :json, :xml
def index
#users = User.all
respond_with(#users)
end
end
Starting from Rails 4.2 version you will need to use gem responder to be able to use respond_with.
If you need more control and want to be able to have a few actions that act differently, always use a full respond_to block. You can read more here.
i'm quite new to rails. i'm trying to set a rails controller's response type to xml, but not having much luck. i could certainly afford to better understand how respond_to and respond_with work.
here's what my controller looks like:
class ResponsesController < ApplicationController
respond_to :xml
def index
require 'rubygems'
require 'telapi'
ix = Telapi::InboundXml.new do
Say('Hello.', :loop => 3, :voice => 'man')
Say('Hello, my name is Jane.', :voice => 'woman')
Say('Now I will not stop talking.', :loop => 0)
end
respond_with do |format|
format.xml { render }
end
puts ix.response
end
end
this leads to an http retrieval failure. can someone advise me how to how i can fix the controller and set its response type to xml? also, a cogent 1-2 liner of how respond_to and respond_with work would be awesome!
thanks everyone.
replace
respond_with do |format|
format.xml { render }
end
with
respond_with(ix)
There are 2 ways of rendering a xml. Example 1 uses respond_to that means "every single method will use xml and use the object parse in from respond_with"
Example 2 uses respond_to that means "use the block below to declare what type of respond and the object to be parse"
example 1:
class ResponsesController
respond_to :xml #respond_to A
def index
respond_with(#asd) # respond_with A
end
end
example 2:
def ResponsesController
def index
respond_to do |format|
format.xml { render xml: #asd}
end
end
end
http://blog.plataformatec.com.br/2009/08/embracing-rest-with-mind-body-and-soul/
A rails newbie here
I have 2 actions in my controller 1) index 2) refine_existing.
Both of them show the results in the same format.
How do I reuse the index.html.erb file?
When I try the following, it complains about refine_existing.erb not being present.
def refine_existing
...
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => #results }
end
end
my index action looks like this
def index
#some logic to get #results
#set some session variables etc.
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => #results }
end
end
Do I have to refactor my index view to contain partials that
a) make the headers
b) render #results
and reuse them?
Even though, both index.html.erb and refine_existing.html.erb will look exactly the same
Is there any way I can say in my refine_existing action to use index.erb view?
thanks in advance
By convention, if you don't specify a template name Rails looks for one matching the action. You can override this by calling render explicitly with the desired template name. The only wrinkle is that the path is relative to TEMPLATE_ROOT, which is normally app/views:
def refine_existing
...
respond_to do |format|
format.html { render :template => "<table_name>/index.html.erb" }
end
end
replacing table_name with the "tablized" form of the model. E.g. if your controller is PostsController, then posts. So your template would then live in app/views/posts/index.html.erb -- if you've customized paths somehow adjust as necessary.
I have an ActiveRecord model that I would like to convert to xml, but I do not want all the properties rendered in xml. Is there a parameter I can pass into the render method to keep a property from being rendered in xml?
Below is an example of what I am talking about.
def show
#person = Person.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.xml { render :xml => #person }
end
end
produces the following xml
<person>
<name>Paul</name>
<age>25</age>
<phone>555.555.5555</phone>
</person>
However, I do not want the phone property to be shown. Is there some parameter in the render method that excludes properties from being rendered in xml? Kind of like the following example
def show
#person = Person.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.xml { render :xml => #person, :exclude_attribute => :phone }
end
end
which would render the following xml
<person>
<name>Paul</name>
<age>25</age>
</person>
You can pass an array of model attribute names to the :only and :except options, so for your example it would be:
def show
#person = Person.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.xml { render :text => #person.to_xml, :except => [:phone] }
end
end
to_xml documentation
I just was wondering this same thing, I made the change at the model level so I wouldn't have to do it in the controller, just another option if you are interested.
model
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
def to_xml
super(:except => [:phone])
end
def to_json
super(:except => [:phone])
end
end
controller
class PeopleController < ApplicationController
# GET /people
# GET /people.xml
def index
#people = Person.all
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => #people }
format.json { render :json => #people }
end
end
end
I set one of them up for json and xml on every object, kinda convenient when I want to filter things out of every alternative formatted response. The cool thing about this method is that even when you get a collection back, it will call this method and return the filtered results.
The "render :xml" did not work, but the to_xml did work. Below is an example
def show
#person = Person.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.xml { render :text => #person.to_xml(:except => [:phone]) }
end
end
The except is good, but you have to remember to put it everywhere. If you're putting this in a controller, every method needs to have an except clause. I overwrite the serializable_hash method in my models to exclude what I don't want to show up. This has the benefits of not having t put it every place you're going to return as well as also applying to JSON responses.